Is it one-heat or two-heat heating in orchids in Linghe District of Jinzhou City?

Phalaenopsis, also known as Phalaenopsis, is a perennial epiphyte. Mainly distributed in the Philippines, Malay Peninsula and Taiwan Province Province of China. Its flowers are flying like butterflies, colorful, and the international fashion of precious flowers. Phalaenopsis tissue culture seedlings have five growth stages from flowering to selling: seedling, seedling, seedling, big seedling and flowering period. The key points of cultivation management are as follows.

first, pre-management. In the stage of plant growth and development, the optimum growth temperature is 25℃-28℃ during the day and 18-2℃ at night. The optimum growth temperature at seedling stage is 23℃. When the temperature is higher than 35℃ or 1℃, the growth stops. The temperature of seedlings just leaving the bottle should be lower than 2℃, and the relative humidity of air should be kept at 7-8% under the light control of 1 lux. Through a transitional period, the light gradually increased to 1, lux and continued to 15, lux.

fertilizer and water management plays an important role in seedling growth. After 3-5 days of tissue culture, the bottle should not be fertilized and watered, and it must be sterilized immediately. 1 times of carbendazim was disinfected on the leaves, and ABT was sprayed three times the next day. After a transition period of 3-5 days, the first fertilization took a lot of No.1 (the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was 3: 1: 1) to spray 18 times, and the peat was completely wet as a standard. Every day, and then spent a lot of No.1 (3:1:1)25 times of liquid spraying foliar fertilizer. After a week, the second seedling was irrigated with wet and dry fertilizers, and the principles of high nitrogen, low phosphorus and low blood potassium were applied.

after 4 months of incubation, the seedlings grow into seedlings, so you should change pots. The air tightness of plants is natural, and the muscle tension of fists and palms is below the standard. Air tightness can be very flexible, but there must be a unified standard. The basic management in seedling stage is similar to that in seedling stage, but the light can be increased to 2 lux. Fertilization took a lot of No.8 and No.1 (the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was 2: 1: 2 and 2: 2: 2 respectively) to be used alternately. In the seedling stage, attention should be paid to the trend and growing new leaves. Generally, things should be placed and the leaves should be twisted regularly. Fertilization principles of low nitrogen, high phosphorus and potassium.

after 4-6 months of seedling cultivation, the seedlings enter the big seedling stage. In the seedling management method, but fertilization took a lot of No.1 (the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was 2:2:2).

second, post-management Flowering management is part of the latter's growth. Promote the low temperature of Phalaenopsis flowering, so in addition to fine management, temperature should also be controlled. First of all, after keeping the temperature higher than 2℃ for 2 months, when the temperature drops below 18℃ at night, within 45 days after flower bud formation. The temperature of flower bud formation is maintained at 18-2℃ at night and 25-28℃ during the day. Pillars that bloom after 3-4 months, but the flowering temperature is slightly lower, but not lower than 15°C, must be built with prominent buds and accommodation, but the pillar has not been erected before the stem is extended, and the extension of the left stem tied to the pillar thickens the space.

the management of flower water and fertilizer is particularly important. Watering should be at 1: a.m. to avoid water spilled on flowers. The exhaust fan ventilates the water and flows fresh air, so as long as the residual moisture can be dissipated. Fertilization costs a lot of No.2 (the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1:3:2)1 times, which depends on the actual situation of Phalaenopsis.

Phalaenopsis is sensitive to soft rot and gray spot disease. The infectivity of rapid soft rot disease, once found, isolate the diseased strain immediately. The representative of manganese zinc acid or biological prevention of diseased plants. Generally, it is disinfected once every 15 days. New technology in rural areas

Phalaenopsis protection

Cultivation media: common cultivation media weeds and mosses of Phalaenopsis.

2, temperature: the family supports Phalaenopsis, and the temperature must be guaranteed first. Phalaenopsis likes high temperature and high humidity environment, the minimum temperature should be kept above 15℃ during the growth period, and the optimum temperature for Phalaenopsis growth is 16℃ to 3℃. In autumn and winter, winter and spring, the temperature in winter is low, so attention should be paid to raising the temperature. Generally, in the room with heating equipment in winter, the temperature is difficult to achieve, but be careful not to be placed directly on the radiator or too close. In summer, it is necessary to cool down and pay attention to ventilation. If the temperature is higher than 32℃, Phalaenopsis usually enters a semi-dormant state to avoid continuous high temperature. During the flowering period before and after the Spring Festival, proper cooling can prolong the observation time. When it is best to bloom, the temperature at night should be controlled at 13℃ to 16℃, but not lower than 13 C.

3. Watering: Phalaenopsis is native to virgin forest, and the fog is at a higher temperature. Phalaenopsis thick pseudobulb stores nutrients if the temperature is lower than that of leaf wrinkles and weak. Therefore, Phalaenopsis cultivation is ventilated and the environment with high humidity is protected. The suitable air humidity for Phalaenopsis is 5-8%. Watering the roots of Phalaenopsis should be more during the vigorous period, and less during the dormant period after flowering. Before spring and autumn, water it once a day after five o'clock in the afternoon, and plants will grow vigorously in summer? Water once a day, from nine o'clock and five o'clock in the afternoon, every weak winter light and low temperature, and fully water once every two weeks, which should be before ten o'clock in the morning. When the cold wave strikes, it is not advisable to water it to keep it dry, and then start again until the cold wave is watered more. The principle of watering is dry and wet. When the surface of the cultivation substrate is dry and watered again, the temperature of the water should be close to room temperature. Dry indoor air can be sprayed directly on the leaves with a sprayer, and leaves can be seen with moisture, but be careful not to spray flowers during flowering. Tap water should be stored for more than 72 hours before watering.

4 lamp: Phalaenopsis is shaded, but it is still necessary to make part of the light received by the blue line, especially when the appropriate light can promote the blooming of Phalaenopsis, and the gorgeous flowers will last for a long time. Generally, it should be placed in a scattered light place indoors, not in a direct sunlight place.

5 ventilation: the normal growth of Phalaenopsis needs flowing fresh air, so it must be well ventilated, especially in summer humidity. Phalaenopsis in China must have good ventilation to prevent heatstroke, but it can also avoid the infection of pests and diseases.

nutrition: Phalaenopsis is fertilized all year round, and fertilization should not be stopped unless the temperature is low for a long time. During the flower bud differentiation of Phalaenopsis in winter, stopping fertilization is likely to lead to no flowers or few flowers. In the growing season, spring and summer, and the thin liquid fertilizer used in the application program, organic fertilizer can be used every 7-1 days, and it can also be applied to the special nutrient solution of Phalaenopsis, but don't apply it if there are buds, otherwise it will be easy for the buds to drop at the beginning of one leaf. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer after summer leaf flowering. Phosphorus fertilizer can be used in the stem growing season in autumn and winter, but it is carefully managed, about every 2-3 weeks. After fertilizing, watering and fertilizing several times, in the afternoon, a lot of water is needed to wash the orchid pots and plants to avoid the residual inorganic salts from harming the roots.

7. Management: Flowering flowers are usually around the Spring Festival, and the viewing period can only be 2 to 3 months. When the flowers wither, the withered flowers should be cut as soon as possible, which can reduce the consumption of nutrients. If the stem is cut off from the base of the node number 4? 5. Flowering again from 2 months to 3 months later. However, such plant nutrition, excessive consumption, is not conducive to growth in the next few years. If you want to grow flowers well, this is the best basis for cutting stems. When the matrix is aging, it should be replaced in time. Otherwise, the poor permeability will cause root rot, plant growth weakening and even death. It is usually appropriate to change pots in May when new leaves grow.

There are four reasons for the failure of cultivation:

1. Too frequent watering: friends who cultivate Phalaenopsis are always worried about the lack of water, no matter whether the cultivation medium is dry or not, watering every day will cause serious rot.

2, the temperature is too low: in most cases, Phalaenopsis usually blooms in early spring, but it is generally appreciated to buy it home. In the living room and other places, although the temperature is enough during the day, the temperature is a little low at night. On the other hand, most professionals cultivate good equipment in the orchid greenhouse. In contrast, the family shortage of temperature and humidity often makes the plants weaker and weaker. Therefore, sometimes, no matter how good, orchids still don't protect themselves when they bloom.

Overfertilization: fertilization equipment, and not paying attention to the concentration, think that the suitable fertilizer will grow faster. Notice that Phalaenopsis fertilizer should be applied to thin, dozens of times. Remember "tonic", don't overdo it or do the opposite.

4 small plants and big pots: I think a big pot can give Phalaenopsis a relaxed environment and have enough materials. In fact, a large pot of plants is not easy to dry, it should be noted that Phalaenopsis likes ventilation, and the general principle of comfortable gas.

a basin change

1. Pot selection: generally used for unglazed ceramic pots or plastic pots, porous pots are better, shallow pots are easy to breathe, and the pot height is better than the diameter.

2。 The training matrix is selected: the typical epiphytic orchid of Phalaenopsis, and the root culture matrix it develops must have the characteristics of osteoporosis, ventilation, good air permeability and rot resistance. According to the author's experience, pine needle leaves, peanut shells and bark silk should be placed as substrates to improve Phalaenopsis in the north. It must be a basin every year, and the contraction of potting rot, poor air permeability and growing blue line are a serious economic recession and even death, if the basin is not changed in time.

3。 Time and method for changing pots: The best time for changing pots of Phalaenopsis is spring and early summer, and the temperature is better than 2℃. Just after flowering, new roots grow. When changing pots, cut off the stems first, and gently remove the old roots dug by the fingers of the old carcass at the lower part with the original nutrition pot, and cut off the roots to reduce rust. The debris chip at the bottom of the pot paves the way, and when the sterile wet pine needles reach the pelvic cavity, a Phalaenopsis root is placed on the first floor of the building to spread evenly into the basin, and then the blue line on the root pine needles is gently compacted. When planting, we should pay attention to spraying the blue line in the rhizome with the same height as the pot edge, and then place it in a well-ventilated place indoors. During this period, no fertilizer should be applied, only spraying management and proper watering are needed, and buds can grow normally after one month.

second, the temperature

Phalaenopsis is mainly distributed in tropical low-altitude coastal areas, and the optimum growth and cultivation temperature is 25°C to 28°C during the day and 18 C to 2 C at night. Phalaenopsis is very sensitive, the temperature is low, and it stops growing at 15 C for a long time. When the temperature is lower than 15 C, the roots absorb water, and the leaves with necrotic spots begin to turn yellow and fall off for a long time. During the winter of the previous year and the next year of early spring (that is, before and after the heating period), the indoor temperature can not reach 15°C, which is the most difficult protection this year. The blue line should be placed indoors in the morning sun and watered less. If necessary, the blue line should be bagged and insulated at night.

third, water

Phalaenopsis likes to be wet, but avoid water accumulation. There is no shortage of water in the growing season. If there is water shortage for a long time, the leaves will turn yellow and cannot be remedied. Pine needles cultivated in Phalaenopsis don't accumulate water. Sprinkle water with a watering can to the bottom of the basin. Sprinkle water around the orchid basin often to keep the air moist, but be careful not to accumulate water in the heart of the orchid leaves, especially on the leaves that are forbidden to spray water on winter nights.

Fourth, fertilization

Phalaenopsis has a fast growth rate and a long growth cycle, and it should be applied with thin fertilizer frequently. When the Blue Line changes pots, no fertilization is in recovery. From June to September, during the growth period of the Blue Line, it should be used once a week to make foliar fertilizer and potassium dihydrogen phosphate alternately, or organic fertilizer can be fermented with water to conditionally buy orchid special fertilizer and "precious" liquid fertilizer to dilute the foliar spray and cultivation medium by 2, times, and water fertilization can be applied after stopping fertilization in hot summer. At the end of autumn, the growth of blue line slows down, so fertilization should be reduced, which often leads to excessive fertilization and strong blue line, which affects the formation of flower buds and prevents them from flowering.

5. ventilated and cool place

Phalaenopsis likes ventilation to avoid high temperature and poor ventilation, which will cause rotten roots and economic growth of the poor. The temperature is low in winter, and it is ventilated for a short time on a sunny day at noon, and the vent does not blow directly to the blue line. Phalaenopsis in the natural state attached to the jungle Arbour, forming a habit, like half cloudy. Families plant shadows, shadows in winter, spring and autumn, strong summer sunshine and high temperature, so special attention should be paid to strengthening ventilation.

, flowering management

Due to the limitation of temperature and humidity, Phalaenopsis at home can only grow 2-3 leaves a year. One leaf is single, and the flower bud grows in the middle of the two leaves, and the flower bud forms. The temperature is 18℃? The top C can be protected by 3-4. When the flower stem is extracted, it is temporarily supported in the flowerpot for the first time to prevent the stem from lodging, and several stems are repaired to prevent the stem from breaking. When the direction of the flowerpot cannot be rotated, the bud grows for the first time, otherwise the direction of Hua Hudie orchid will be inconsistent. The temperature of flowering period should be controlled at 15℃ to 18℃ to strengthen ventilation and humidity. Flowering period is April.

VII. Pest control

1. Leaf spot: it mainly occurs in leaves. Small spots appear on leaves at the initial stage of the disease, and then develop into a nearly circular lesion. The yellow circle at the edge of the lesion is soaked in water with clear boundaries. Prevention and control methods: strengthen ventilation, reduce air humidity and cut off diseased leaves. In the onset period, 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder was sprayed with 8 times solution, once every 1 days and three times in a row.

2。 Tomato botrytis cinerea: It occurs in spring when the temperature and humidity are low, and small brown spots appear on ordinary white petals, which can lead to soft rot in severe cases. Prevention and treatment methods: strengthen ventilation, reduce humidity, and immediately cut off the diseased flowers. At the early stage of onset, 75% thiophanate methyl wettable powder was sprayed with 1 times solution, once every 1 days and twice in succession.

3。 Brown spot disease: it occurs in hot and humid weather in summer, mainly in leaves. At the initial stage of the disease, the leaves are small round spots, and then gradually expand into large-scale lesions with dark brown color. In severe cases, the leaves turn black and wither. Prevention and control methods: pay attention to ventilation and light transmission. At the beginning of the disease, 8 times of 1% Polaroid (polyoxin) was sprayed every two weeks.

4。 Scale insects: the most common pest of Phalaenopsis occurs in autumn and winter, and the indoor ventilation is not smooth, which leads to scale insect damage. Prevention and control methods: pay attention to ventilation, place it not too close, blue line and a small amount of soft cloth to scrub scale insects, and repeat several times to eliminate pests.