The most sensational fake news in 2010. Write a paper based on this fake news. The title is "My opinion on the authenticity of news"

My opinion on the authenticity of news

Both news and literature emphasize authenticity. They both originate from life and are reflections of objective society and real life. But news has the characteristics of news, and literature has the personality of literature. How to grasp the connotation of authenticity of the two?

First of all, in the writing process, journalists and literary authors stand in different positions and have different perspectives. As a narrator of events, a reporter must describe what he has seen and heard with his own eyes and ears. He has only one writing perspective, which is to always stand in the position of the narrator. The characters in the work are all in the third person. For example, Such terms often appear in news works: "According to introduction...", "××× introduced that..." and so on. At the same time, personal existence is also reflected in the work as a basis for facts.

Literary authors are different. He or she is often omniscient and omniscient. It can be "two flowers blooming, each representing one branch", or it can be said by a certain person in the work. For the sake of mouth, speak the truth. The "I" that appears in literature like the author himself is often the character in the work, such as the hotel boy "I" in Lu Xun's "Kong Yiji", the "I" in "Jane Eyre", etc., while news The "I" in the work must be the author himself, because only in this way can we provide a strong basis for the factual records in the news work and call it true.

Secondly, journalists and literary authors have different degrees of freedom, which also determines their respective authenticity.

News can only be a reproduction of reality, limited to "new" news. Literature is the discovery of reality, which can spread the wings of imagination to explore the outer and inner universes.

The "new knowledge" of news has two meanings. One refers to the "closeness" of news events in time, which is what we usually call reporting news quickly and quickly; the other refers to the relationship between news facts and The “approach” of journalists. This serious attitude determines that any pretentious and distorted performance of "Ke Li Kong" should be abandoned by the news. Any fabrication, patchwork, exaggeration, one-sidedness, directing, etc. that distorts objective things means the distortion of the news.

Literature is different from news records. The literary author's writing mentality is more free. He or she does not need to correspond one-to-one with facts in his or her works. It is a kind of creation. Take the German writer Schiller's "Conspiracy and Love" as an example. In the writer's writing, the musician Klee's eldest daughter Louise and the Prime Minister's son Brasius von Boehler performed a thrilling and ups and downs of an eternal love tragedy. In fact, the material of this novel only comes from a 150-word brief article in newspapers at that time.

Obviously, literature and art are the "discovery" of reality, while news reports are the "reproduction" of reality; literature relies on perceptual forms to reinterpret reality, while news reports are sketches of reality. Simplification and synthesis.

Thirdly, journalists and literary authors use different thinking methods when writing.

Gorky emphasized that literature "needs imagination, speculation and fiction." In other words, literature can be fictional, imaginative, and can be replaced by others. News reports must conform to the true nature of objective things, tell the truth, tell the truth, including names of people, place names, time, plot, numbers, quotations, background, causal relationships, etc., all must be accurate and must follow the rules of the news itself Internal laws must not be made up or "reasonably imagined". In the 1950s, the People's Daily published an article called "The Matrosso-style Hero Huang Jiguang" which was seriously criticized by many readers and journalists, which illustrates this point, because the reporter used "the average person can understand" "reasonable imagination", which detailedly described Huang Jiguang's psychological activities before his death, violating the principle of news authenticity.

But this does not mean that there is no imagination in news writing. Because reporters cannot be on-site witnesses of all events, reporters also need to imagine. The reporter's imagination can help reporters discover rich factual materials during interviews, and write more vividly and satisfactorily in writing. Therefore, imaginative thinking is not only a form of thinking in literary creation, but also an indispensable form of thinking in news writing. However, the former belongs to fictional imagination, and the latter belongs to modified and representational imagination.

For example, on September 13, 1971, a Trident plane crashed in Undur Khan, Mongolia. The reporter of AFP in Beijing thought of Lin Biao's death after escaping. This was an association of this kind of situation. At that time, This is an absolute secret; another situation is when the material provided objectively causes the brain to actively think and imagine the image of the original thing, that is, the imagination of the original thing based on the material. Take the report of "Liaoning Daily" "The cadres of the two communes sleep peacefully: there is no phone call at night, and there are no people blocking the door" as an example. Reporter Fan Jingyi learned from the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China that the two communes The smallest change in the commune was associated with the changes in the entire countryside, and a good news article was written that was praised by everyone. The above two forms of imagination, that is, the imagination from the original object - other objects, and the imagination from the material - the original object, are to reproduce the image of the original object more truly, which requires that they must be accurate, vivid and accurate. and a high degree of unity with image.

Fourth, literature and journalism are fundamentally different. The essence of news is information, and the essence of literature is art. Therefore, news works and literary works reveal the reality of life and reflect objective laws in the characteristics and processes they achieve. This is an important reason for the difference between the two realities.

News is the report of recent facts, and information dissemination is its characteristic. It can be said that news is the dissemination of economic, political, cultural and other information. News is the reality of facts and the reality of specific phenomena. News dissemination is the process and state of things moving, and it is the objective situation that reporters can see and hear. Journalists allow readers to judge things for themselves through the superposition and dissemination of objective information, thereby achieving the purpose of revealing the reality of life. It emphasizes objectivity. Although the phenomenon and essence are sometimes inconsistent, reporters will correct them through continuous reporting.

For example, at the 1988 Seoul Olympics, Johnson won a gold medal in sprinting. Reporters were the first to report the news. A few days later, after tests revealed that Johnson had taken banned drugs, reporters were the first to report the news. This can only mean that Johnson's record is false, but it does not mean that the first news posted by the reporter is false, because it did happen that he won the gold medal at the Olympics.

The essence of literature is art. Literary works should tell readers an idea and some knowledge through artistic images, let readers experience an emotion and artistic conception, and improve people's cultivation level and aesthetic ability. Therefore, it must artificially concentrate on living, conceiving, creating, and "mixing various things to form one," in order to embody the theme well. This is typification. Lu Xun said that the models of the characters he wrote "often have mouths in Zhejiang, faces in Beijing, and clothes in Shanxi. They are a patchwork of characters." But this is not untrue, because it conforms to the laws of life and is concrete and perceptible, but it is more general and has a more unique and distinctive personality. It is the unity of art reality and life reality. Of course, news also has typical reports, but there is a difference. It refers to selecting representative and full-of-personality examples from a large number of similar facts for reporting. For example, typical reports such as Jiao Yulu and Kong Fansen all exist in real life and are objective truths.

Fifth, in social life, the different purposes of reading news and literary works lead to different requirements and understanding of the truth of news and literature.

News reading is to obtain information. In terms of its function, it is more practical. People just like eating every day, they desperately need to get the information they care about. As soon as the mayor goes to work, there are multiple newspapers on his desk. He needs to use this information to make decisions on the city's internal and external policies. As soon as entrepreneurs get the newspapers, they first check the market conditions and investment directions to decide on the market launch of their products. Even when reading communications news, the main purpose of readers is to know and understand the people, situations, and events in society. For this purpose, news reading requires that the information provided by the news is accurate, and that the information and facts obtained by each reader have a basically consistent impression in their minds. There are a thousand Hamlets”.

The purpose of literary reading is appreciation and pleasure. Literary appreciation is an aesthetic spiritual activity. Unlike news reading, it focuses on the perception and understanding of news information and the understanding of the things reflected in the news. Literary readers pay more attention to the aesthetic enjoyment brought to them by the emotions and connotations conveyed in the works. Based on this, literary readers’ requirements and understanding of literary truth are not the same as those of news readers.

The Sun Wukong disrupts the Dragon Palace, causes trouble in the underworld, causes trouble in the Heavenly Palace, and eliminates demons. Du Liniang in "The Peony Pavilion" comes back from the dead. These are not consistent with the facts, but the heroic spirit of the Sun Wukong who is not afraid of dangers and difficulties, Du Liniang's This kind of emotion that comes back from the dead for love is real. They deeply touch the readers and arouse the readers' screams. Therefore, it is real and a kind of truth.

In short, although journalistic truth and literary truth both "seek truth" and "preserve truth", their connotations are quite different. The basis of journalistic truth is facts, and the premise of literary truth is emotional imagination; Their ways of realization are also very different, one is reproduction and the other is expression. There is a strict essential difference between them. One is the reality of information, and the other is the reality of art.