What are the characteristics of Shanxi's food culture?

Shanxi, which is located in the embrace of the Yellow River, has formed a certain cultural orientation and regional cultural solidification due to various historical factors of nature and society. As an important part of culture, Shanxi food culture also has its own characteristics. Shanxi people have always been "land to the tiller", and the people's diet is mainly food. The variety and output of grain are important signs to distinguish the daily life characteristics of people everywhere. So how much do you know about Shanxi's overall food culture? Let's take a look at Shanxi's food culture with Bian Xiao and see what special snacks there are in Shanxi. Shanxi's unique diet formation

(1) Love pasta

In the eyes of most people, Shanxi people are addicted to pasta. That's true. It is an exaggeration to say that they are not short of food and bread. Shanxi people's eating habits of noodles have a long history, which is formed under the background of natural conditions, historical origins and attack forces. There are all kinds of food crops in Shanxi, with dozens of varieties. The north-central part is rich in sorghum, millet (millet in northern Taiyuan is sticky), sorghum, naked oats, buckwheat, rice, beans (including peas, black beans, mung beans, soybeans, adzuki beans, cowpeas, tea beans, lentils and broad beans), corn and misha. The south is rich in wheat, corn, millet and rice. These grain varieties provide abundant food.

Through the ingenuity of peasant women, thousands of kinds of pasta can be made. Pasta in various shapes is delicious and attractive. Many farmers, three meals a day are mainly pasta, either coarse or fine, or dry or soup, coarse and fine, coarse and fine, with rice in the noodles, and their cooking skills are very rich. Farmers in areas rich in millet use rice as porridge or rice, and mix it with pasta such as mixed soup and noodle soup. Add oil to the noodle soup, or add chopped green onion, or add tender buds of Toona sinensis. This simple food can not only satisfy people's appetite, but also has a strong peasant flavor in the Loess Plateau, which makes people enjoy a kind of spiritual enjoyment. In the Pingchuan area of Jinzhong, farmers' lunches are almost all pasta, such as noodles, noodles, picking or pulling, rolling or pressing, brushing or wiping, each with its own characteristics.

Noodles are long and short, wide and narrow, thick and thin; The pulled pieces are thick and thin, big and small, soft and hard. It's really dazzling, as if you were in the kingdom of pasta. All kinds of pasta, together with toppings and condiments with local characteristics, make people feel that eating Shanxi pasta is really a beautiful enjoyment. People with good living conditions should pay attention to eating pasta within one month; Ordinary farmers eat mixed noodles (sorghum mixed with white flour, bean flour, corn flour, or sorghum mixed with elm bark is called "mixed noodles") and change their patterns every day. The yellow wheat cake and oat noodle in the north and the steamed buns with white flour in the south have their own characteristics in both shape and taste.

Of course, Lamian Noodles, one of Shanxi's four famous faces, is appreciated by people, with his sharp face, his small face and his small face. Among them, the penetration rate of picking tips is the highest, especially in Pingchuan, Jinzhong, where almost every peasant woman can pick tips with one hand. Miscellaneous noodles can be selected with the same thickness and length; White flour can be long or short, thick or thin. Thick is hollow and soft, thin is smooth and slippery. In Lamian Noodles, peasant women are known as "Little Lamian Noodles", which can be painted in various shapes such as width, roundness, thickness and even triangle. It is such a single pasta (especially in the old society where materials were scarce) that has become so colorful in the hands of hardworking and intelligent peasant women! Dull housework becomes poetic and beautiful by cooking, steaming, frying and baking!

(2) Mature vinegar is famous.

As we all know, vinegar is widely used in Shanxi folk meals. Shanxi's water is alkaline, and vinegar helps to digest miscellaneous grains such as oat flour, sorghum, corn, potatoes and other high-heat and digestible foods. Shanxi people are called "old acyl", and their noodles, steamed buns, jiaozi, pies and stir-fried dishes (mostly) are inseparable from vinegar. Otherwise, the cooked rice is not fragrant. Some mountain residents have the habit of replacing sauerkraut with sour soup. In the past, people in Shanxi mountainous areas were poor and could not afford vinegar, so they could only cook with sour soup. Shanxi people want to make vinegar, and the vinegar pot never leaves the table.

In the vast rural areas of Shanxi, almost every family has a set of experience in making vinegar, and there are one or two vats for making vinegar in the yard. Sorghum vinegar is brewed in Pingchuan area, while rice vinegar, jujube vinegar, persimmon vinegar vinegar and seabuckthorn vinegar are brewed by mountain residents, each with its own unique flavor. Vinegar is used to blend meals or cook dishes, which has high nutritional value and certain therapeutic effect. Almost all parts of Shanxi have their own famous vinegar, among which "Shanxi mature vinegar" has the best taste and can be called a good seasoning.

(3) Like to eat spicy food In addition to salt and vinegar, local residents also have considerable demand for spicy food. People have always regarded green onions, leeks, peppers, garlic, peppers and even ginger as essential side dishes and cooking condiments. Rich families marinate white garlic and green peppers into pickles to accompany meals, which residents call "fine pickles". This is also delicious for friends and relatives. Residents in north-central China have the habit of eating directly with green onions and garlic. It is more common to chop up peppers and eat them with salt and vinegar. In some places, even every meal is inseparable from Chili noodles, which are mixed with salt to make side dishes.

Eating spicy food is very common in southern Shanxi, and residents in Pingyao, Jiexiu, Lingshi and Fenyang are in Jinzhong area. Among the spicy foods in Shanxi, the best quality are Jincheng Bagong green onion, Yingxian Xiaoshikou garlic, Daixian pepper, Hejin, Linfen leek, Pingshun and Yuxian pepper. Ginger is generally imported from other places, and the demand of the people is also quite large. Shanxi is rich in pepper. Wutai's Dahongpao Zanthoxylum bungeanum is very popular because of its red color and heavy taste. Zanthoxylum bungeanum seeds can be used to extract oil, and Zanthoxylum bungeanum leaves can be eaten as vegetables. Pepper can be used as seasoning and edible. Pickling and mixing, pickling salted peppers, mashing after drying, and frying can stimulate appetite and strengthen the spleen. Grilled flour is the best seasoning for Yuncheng people to eat boiled steamed bread. Daixian pepper is famous in China for its oil, fat meat and spicy taste. Shanxi green onions and purple garlic are delicious, and pepper and fennel are also indispensable seasoning foods.

(4) Good wine

Excuse me, where is the restaurant? The shepherd boy pointed to Xinghua Village. Fenjiu in Xinghua Village, Shanxi Province has a brewing history of 1000 years. It is known as "fairy wine", "jade liquid" and "nectar" for its crystal clear color, pure and long fragrance and delicious taste, and has become the pride of Shanxi people. There are also bamboo leaves that are "blue and ashamed to recommend you, and bamboo is fragrant"; Changzhi Lu wine "fragrant Wan Li drunk in the middle of the mountain"; Qixian Liuqu Fragrant Wine with "Liuqu Fragrant"; Known as "thousands of miles away", Zhou Pu Mulberry Wine is full of fragrance; Xinzhou Tequ liquor with a long aftertaste; Fenjiu fragrant wine "drunken autumn geese go to Fentan"; Xixian Yuping wine can dispel wind, strengthen body and improve intelligence; There are countless Yuanqu calamus wines that soothe the nerves, detoxify, refresh and improve eyesight.

Eating habits in Shanxi

(1) Daily eating habits

Three meals a day in most parts of Shanxi, and five or six meals a day in some places like Yangcheng. In winter, when leisure days are short, it is generally changed to two meals, which is called "one morning". People call a meal a meal. Breakfast is called "breakfast", lunch is called "lunch" and "lunch", and dinner is called "dinner". Generally, when doing heavy manual work, it is called "making a meal with cake" between meals, and the common people also call it "moving to eat". Breakfast in Jinzhong is mostly cornmeal porridge, commonly known as "boiled bumps", with side dishes; In the southeast of Shanxi, we eat millet thick rice and shredded cold vegetables for breakfast. Lunch is very rich, eating noodles, cakes, steamed bread, plus potatoes, vermicelli, stewed cabbage and pickles. Dinner is also prepared with soup, rice and noodles, but don't pay attention to eating more. The boiled water in southern Shanxi is pepper, which is also a delicious meal.

In the cold season of spring and summer, people in northern Shaanxi always like to sit cross-legged on a hot kang when eating. Housewives sit in the pot and cook meals for men and children, and help themselves to the rest. As the saying goes: "People are in front, and rice is behind." After eating a bowl of rice, if the chopsticks are placed horizontally in the bowl, it means you are full. If chopsticks are put aside or held in your hand, you are not full. Some rural areas have the habit of standing on the street to eat in summer and autumn. Every household Kazuhiro Mori bowl of rice walked out of the courtyard gate, or squatted at the door, or went to the street to eat on a millstone and under a big tree, chatting while eating, and anecdotes and jokes came and went. For example, when farmers are busy harvesting and threshing, they often have the habit of carrying black pottery rice cookers to the fields. If you can't deliver meals from a distance, you can bring some dry food and dried vegetables to satisfy your hunger temporarily. This is called "anti-hunger".

(2) Etiquette communication

Shanxi people usually eat frugally, but when guests come, they will do their best to entertain them warmly. There are more meals on the dining table, and the guests sit in their seats, accompanied by the host. Generally, guests should be given new bowls and chopsticks, and drink more wine before meals to add interest. The poor who serve food are two cool and one hot, four cool and one hot, four cool and four hot; Rich people eat hot pot 66,88, 10, 10.

After the host warms the wine, he pours the wine for the guests with both hands, which is called "seven meals and eight teas". The guests should raise their glasses to express their thanks: "I'll do it myself, I'll do it myself, you go first." The host raised his glass and the guests took a sip to show their courtesy. During the dinner, the host frequently pointed, changed the position of the dishes, and enthusiastically advised the meal. Guests should pay attention to a bite of food and put chopsticks once. If they continue to eat and drink, they will be regarded as "feng shui" and "rude and ill-bred" Eat after drinking. Chinese food used to be white steamed bread, jiaozi and oil cakes. Steamed bread is served on a plate and placed in front of the guests. After eating, the guests put chopsticks on the bowl and pushed them forward slightly, indicating that they are full. Treat each other with tea after dinner. When visiting relatives and friends, you must have homemade white buns and other foods to avoid even numbers. If the host doesn't stay, he will return his food or local products when he leaves. For weddings, funerals and weddings, the way to eat is more particular.

The general banquet is divided into chairman, relatives of aunt's family and aunt's uncle as guests, and the dinner can't be served until all the guests arrive. Hip flask, small handle and chopsticks should be put before others. Sit on the right, in the order of elders. In the old days, the square table sat on three sides, leaving one side unhappy. For example, weddings, housewarming, having children, opening stores, celebrating, celebrating birthdays, reuniting, hosting banquets, etc. In the past, old people were used to making fists gently and elegantly, as beautiful and simple as singing and eulogizing. When the wine reaches its climax, the host drinks with each guest in turn, which is called "playing customs clearance". If you invite someone to dinner, you should post it in advance, or verbally invite them to your home. Commonly known as "Anren", special guests should be invited to meet before meals. Most farmers should distribute food to their neighbors after the wedding banquet to enhance friendship.

Shanxi food culture accumulation

Shanxi's unique food and eating habits have formed a unique culture. As one of the birthplaces of the Chinese nation, since the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the northern and central parts of Shanxi have become one of the areas where people and ethnic minorities live together in the Central Plains. Due to the integration of nationalities and national cultures, various customs have gathered in Shanxi, and the dietary customs in Shanxi have also become complex and diverse. At the same time, due to geography, climate, nationality and other reasons, it has become a practice for Shanxi people to eat whole grains. Millet, corn, buckwheat noodles, bean noodles, sorghum noodles, naked oats noodles, and a variety of pasta structures make Shanxi people's food composition very colorful. These countless food compositions, from the production methods, varieties, modeling, technology, cooking process, have become a kind of food culture spread in all walks of life and every corner of Shanxi. Formed a unique pasta culture and Jin cuisine culture in Shanxi. , has a long history, enduring, spread to this day.

The unique food culture not only embodies the regional customs of Shanxi, but also shows the simple folk customs of Shanxi. Pasta, vinegar and wine are manifestations of Shanxi people's love for life and welcoming guests. Shanxi's unique diet is not only loved by local people, but also praised by people all over the country, especially pasta. In April 2007, China Cuisine Association held an award ceremony in Beijing, which officially awarded Shanxi the title of "Hometown of China Pasta". The award of "Hometown of China Pasta" clarified the origin, representativeness and uniqueness of Shanxi pasta.

Shanxi pasta culture is full of Shanxi's strong local feelings and profound cultural charm. Its inheritance and development are of great significance to the times.

Shanxi special snacks

Enema, scar cake, dishes, buckwheat noodles, bean curd, xiaoyi fire, Shouyang dried bean curd, etc.

Shanxi special noodle

Daoxiao Noodles, picking tips, plastering, pulling tabs, leaking rivers, fishing, cat ears, oat noodles, brains, touching films, etc.