Hydrological characteristics of Irtysh River

Erqis River Erqis River Erqis River is the only river flowing into the Arctic Ocean in China, which originates from the southwest slope of Altai Mountain in China and has two sources in the mountain. The Kai Hildt River joins the Ku Hildt River and becomes the Irtysh River, which flows out of the country from southeast to northwest. Along the way, tributaries on the north bank, such as Kara Irtysh River, Kelan River, Brzin River, Baja River and Berezek River, meet, then flow into Zhaisan Lake in Kazakhstan, and then flow northward into the Arctic Ocean via Russian ob river. The total length is 4,248 kilometers, China is 546 kilometers, and the drainage area is 57,000 square kilometers. The annual runoff is as high as11900 million cubic meters, and the water volume is second only to Yili River in Xinjiang. Known as the second largest river in Xinjiang. The water is rich in fish, and the river near the border is as wide as kilometers, which can be used by ships. Many tributaries in the basin flow in from the right bank of the main stream, forming a typical comb-shaped water system. The scenery along the Irtysh River is very spectacular. It should also be called "Golden Mountain" and "Silver Water". [Edit this paragraph] Summarize the only outflow river in China that flows into the Arctic Ocean water system. In the northern Junggar basin of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. It originated in Fuyun County on the southwest slope of Altai Mountain, where there is abundant precipitation. The upstream source is called Kuyetz River, which flows into Zhaisanpo in the west and into ob river in the downstream. It is the largest tributary of ob river. On the right bank of the main stream, there are tributaries such as Kayetes River, Crane River, Brzin River and Baja River from Altai Mountain, which are rich in water. It is 546 kilometers (339 miles) long from Heyuan to the border of China, and 2969 kilometers (1.845 miles) long when it flows into ob river. Brzin can be navigable in summer. The Irtysh River basin in China is 4,248 kilometers long, with a basin area of 65,438+640,000 square kilometers. . The length of rivers in China is 633 kilometers, and the basin area is 53,700 square kilometers. The average annual runoff of the estuary is 95 billion cubic meters. The average sediment concentration for many years is 0l8.5076kg/m3, and the average sediment transport for many years is185,000 tons. The upper reaches of Semipalatinsk, the lower reaches of omsk and the lower reaches of omsk to the estuary. In Russia and Kazakhstan, the river above Zhaisanpo is called Helzis River. China called the whole river Erqisi River, while the tributary at the junction of Fuyun and Fuhai counties was called Helqisi River. [Edit this paragraph] The water system consists of the upper reaches of the Irtysh River, which flows through the Altai Mountains above Carmen Nogol in Huste, with more precipitation, developed river network and rich runoff. After Nogol in Ustikamen, the valley is wide and it is a plain river. The main tributaries flowing into the upper reaches are Kurchum River, Buhe talma River, Uriba River, Wupa River, Kizilsu River and Chaer River. There is no main tributary from Semipalatinsk to omsk, and the river meanders through the western Siberian plain. The river crossing omsk turns sharply to the northeast, then to the northwest, and finally flows northeast into ob river. The tributaries flowing into this section are Amu Darya, Ishim, Tobol, Jamiyanka and Kunda. Buhe talma River is a big tributary on the right bank of the upper reaches of Irtysh River, which originates from Altai Mountain in southern Kazakhstan and flows into Buhe talma Reservoir. The river is 336km long, with a drainage area of 1.27 million km2 and an average annual flow of 21.4m3/s. It is a tributary on the right bank of the Irtysh River, with a total length of 1.09 1km and a drainage area of 52,600 km2. It originates from the southeastern edge of Wasiu's Gansu Plain and flows through the Barabinsk lowlands in the southwest. River water supply is mainly snowmelt water. At the distance from the estuary 12 1km, the annual average discharge is about 64m3/s, the maximum discharge is 8 14m3/s, and the minimum discharge is 0.80m3/s ... 654381mid-October to1650. Its main tributaries are the Yicha River, Kama River and Taltasse River. The Ishim River is a tributary of the left bank of the Irtysh River, which originates from the Irtysh River in KeKniaz Mountain on the northern edge of Kazakhstan hills, flows through Kazakhstan and Russia, and finally flows into the Irtysh River. The river is 2450km long, with a drainage area of144,000km2. The annual average discharge at the distance of 2 15km from the estuary is 56.3 m3/s, and the maximum discharge is 686m3/s. The main tributaries on the right bank are Kruton River, Zabai River and Ababrook River. Tobol River is a tributary of the left bank of the Irtysh River, which originates from the eastern branch of the Southern Urals, flows through the Turgay Plateau and the Eastern Siberian Plain, and joins the Irtysh River in Tobolsk. Total length 1674km, with a drainage area of 375,000km2. The average annual discharge of the estuary is 805m3/s, and the maximum discharge is 6350 m3/s. The river sediment concentration is 0.26kg/m3, and the average sediment discharge for many years is 6.5438+0.6 million t. The main tributaries on the left bank are: Wuyi River, Yixieji River, Toure River, Tafta River and Upa River. Among them, the Tours River originates from the Urals Mountains in the middle and flows southeast through the Leah Plain in the northwest. The total length of the river is 1030km, and the drainage area is 80400 km2. Its river water supply is a mixed water supply mainly with snowmelt water. At a distance of 0/84km from the estuary/kloc-0, the annual average flow rate is 177m3/s, the maximum flow rate is 3,330m3/s, and the minimum flow rate is 8.6m3/s ...10, and the river is frozen from the end of the year to1kloc-0/0, and the next April. Its main tributaries are: Salda River, Tagil River, Nica River and Peshma River. There are three reservoirs in the basin with a total area of 23km2. The Irtysh River Jamiyanka River is a tributary of the right bank of the Irtysh River, which originates from the Gan Plain in Wasiu, flows through Em and Tyumen in Russia, and joins the Irtysh River in Skoye, Demiyangzhou. The river is 1 160km long, with a drainage area of 3.48km2 The main tributaries are Keum River, Jiegus River and Imgert River. Kunda River is a tributary of the left bank of Irtysh River, which flows through Hante-Mansisk Autonomous Region of Tyumen, Russia, with a total length of 1.097km and a drainage area of 72,800 km2. Rivers bend, and there are many lakes in the basin (with a total area of 54 1km2). The annual average flow of the river at the distance of 0/64 km from the estuary/kloc-0 is 23 1m3/s, the maximum flow is 1220m3/s, and the minimum flow is 36.1m3/s. The main tributaries on the left bank are Muremiah River, Dataru River and Yukonda River. On the right bank are the Yefra River and the Kumar River. [Edit this paragraph] Natural features The upper reaches of the Irtysh River are mainly replenished by snow melting, ice melting and precipitation; The downstream soil mainly comes from snowmelt, precipitation and Irtysh River. The upstream flood season begins in April, and the flood season is mostly in April-June. The downstream flood season is from the end of May to 10, and it is the largest in June, accounting for about 50% of the whole year. The variation of the Erqis River flow along the river channel is as follows: the annual average flow of the upper reaches of the Cocoto Sea is 52m3/s, that of Brzin is 108m3/s, that of Ustikamen Nogol is 590m3/s, that of Semipalatinsk is 860m3/s, that of omsk is 900m3/s, that of Toboc is 280m3/s, and that of Hante. It is planned to build 13 cascade power stations on the Irtysh River above omsk, with a total installed capacity of 4.5 million kilowatts and an annual power generation of 654.38+0.57 billion kilowatt hours. At present, three power stations have been built, namely Buhe talma, Ustikamen Nogol and Shuer Osk. Three small and medium-sized power stations have also been built on the tributaries of the Uriba River. After the completion of Buhe talma Reservoir, great changes have taken place in Zhaisanpo area. Before the reservoir was completed, the area of Zhasang Lake was 1788km2, the length was1/km, the width was 30km, the average water depth was 4 ~ 6m, and the annual runoff of Renhu Lake was1147 million m3. After the completion of the reservoir, Zhaisanbo has become a part of the reservoir, with a water surface area of 5500km2, an average water depth of 16. 1m, and an annual runoff of 20.98 billion m3, of which 47% comes from China. The water source of Irtysh River mainly comes from the melting water of ice and snow on Altai Mountain. After scientific research, it is found that the river contains a lot of heavy hydrogen, which comes from local ice and snow. Drinking river water containing heavy hydrogen for a long time is harmful to human body, which will make women's endocrine disorder and ovulation decrease. But for infertile women, this will be a silver lining for every dark cloud. Therefore, the Irtysh River is called the Songzi River. Poultry such as chickens, ducks and geese raised by people on both sides of the Irtysh River also produce more eggs than other areas because of drinking the water from the Irtysh River. [Edit this paragraph] River Value The Irtysh River is the only river in China that flows into the Arctic Ocean. Originating from the southern slope of Altai Mountain in China, it is 546 kilometers long from the source to the border of Irtysh River, with a drainage area of 57,000 square kilometers. The Irtysh River valley is wide and the water potential is mighty, with annual runoff of1.1.900 million cubic meters. Stones overlap in the riverbed, silver waves billow, and the secondary forest in the valley is embedded in the desert Gobi like a green ribbon. Among them, the secondary forest in Beitun River Basin is the most dense and stretches into a green ocean, which is known as the "Poplar Gene Bank". There are many beaches in the middle of the riverbed of Brzin River and Haba River in the lower reaches, with boundless clear water, dense swamps, overgrown weeds and trees, showing a magnificent picture of a "desert water town", which has high development value in scientific research, rafting and tourism. [Edit this paragraph] Ecological scientific investigation The staff of the Forestry Research Institute of Altay Forestry Bureau in Xinjiang made the first ecological scientific investigation on the Irtysh River basin in early June. Through the observation of more than 60 kilometers of valley forests along the river, the Irtysh River basin and the autonomous wetland nature reserve will effectively discharge floods this year. The Irtysh River, which originated in the southern part of Altai, Xinjiang, China, is the only Arctic Ocean river in China. The 2727 River has a total length of 2,969 kilometers and a drainage area of107,000 square kilometers. The upper reaches are 600 kilometers long in China. After leaving the country, it flows into the three lakes of Zhaizhai, Kazakhstan, continues to flow northward into Russia, and finally ends in Hante? Near the city of Mansisk, it flows into ob river and finally into the Arctic Ocean. In recent years, the Irtysh River Basin in Xinjiang, China suffered from severe drought. At present, poplars, poplars × poplars × poplars × poplars × poplars × poplars × poplars × poplars × poplars × poplars × poplars × poplars × poplars × poplars × poplars × poplars × poplars × poplars × poplars × poplars × poplars × poplars × poplars × poplars × poplars × poplars × poplars × poplars × poplars × poplars × poplars × poplars × poplars × poplars The Irtysh River has bred four major poplar factions in the world (Populus euphratica, Populus euphratica, Populus cathayensis and Populus nigra), and is known as the "Poplar Gene Bank". . Eight kinds of natural forests, such as Populus deltoides and Populus deltoides, are the only natural multi-tree poplar gene bank in China at present, and the only natural landscape of Dolchis poplar forest in China, as well as the unique halophyte birch species in China. Affected by climate and human disturbance, the original plants in the forest of Irtysh River valley were once short, and some xerophytes and even psammophytes began to invade. According to the field assessment of forestry experts, the forest biodiversity in the Irtysh River Valley remains relatively complete, but its age composition is extremely uneven, which will threaten the ecological balance of the whole basin in the future. Wang Jian, director of the Forestry Research Institute of Altay Forestry Bureau in Xinjiang, told the reporter: By observing the valley forests on both sides of the river, I feel that the effect of flood irrigation is very good. It is hoped that the valley forest will be better restored through flooding or artificial measures in the future. Adelihan, director of the Forestry Bureau of Altay City, Xinjiang, said: The ecological restoration in the upper reaches of the Irtysh River has a great protective effect on the ecology of Altay, especially the restoration of underground herbs in river valleys, young forests and woodlands, which will also control the occurrence of forestry pests and diseases in our future.