"Reading Tibet" —— Sakya Temple, the ancestral temple of Sakya Sect of Tibetan Buddhism

The Sakya Temple in Tibet is divided into two temples, the south and the north. North Temple, located in Kishimoto Mountain on the north bank of the middle bend of Sagar Sect in Shigatse City, was founded by the founder of Sagar Sect on 1073 (the sixth year of Xining in Northern Song Dynasty) and was destroyed during the Cultural Revolution. Today, Kangsenba (three stories high) has been restored to its original appearance.

Nansi Temple is located in the Pingba on the south bank of Zhongqu River and was built in 1268 (five years from Yuan Dynasty to Yuan Dynasty). With the support of Kublai Khan of Yuan Shizu, Basiba, the great emperor of the Yuan Dynasty, instructed the Sakya Sect Jan Benzien Sakya Sect Sambu to gather the manpower and material resources of Tibet130,000 households. The plane is square with an area of 45,000 square meters. In terms of the essence of China, Indian and Tibetan architectural styles, this building is unique. South Temple is a typical castle-style building in Yuan Dynasty, with a strict appearance, very thick city walls and moats, watchtowers and towering towers at the four corners of the besieged city, which are heavily guarded, calm and firm.

The Sakya Sect used to command Tibet for more than 70 years on behalf of the Central Committee of the Yuan Dynasty, centering on monasteries. Its high reputation, rich cultural relics, rare porcelain, rich classics, exquisite murals, exquisite woodcuts and numerous statues are called "the second Dunhuang". 196 1 is listed as one of the national key cultural relics protection units and one of the important tourist attractions in Tibet. There are dozens of giant statues of alloy, gold-plated copper or silver as high as 10 meter, and more than 10,000 statues of stone carving, pottery sculpture, alloy, silver, copper and iron, which are colorful and exquisite.

The entrance hall of Lacan Qin Mo Hall is 5.5 meters high and fierce, so the Lord can't move. Dajingtang provides 12 Buddha statues, such as Sakyamuni Buddha, Infinite Life Buddha, Manjusri Bodhisattva, and King Kong Buddha Mother. Among them, 8 Buddha statues are made of alloy, 1 Buddha statues are made of silver, and 3 Buddha statues are made of gold-plated copper. 10 Buddha statues are 8 meters and 9.7 meters high, and 2 Buddha statues are 5.64 meters high. Such a high alloy statue is rare.

The alloy Manjusri Bodhisattva statue (3.75 meters high) on the south side of Pubalakang Hall was made by Nepalese craftsmen with exquisite craftsmanship. The left side is dedicated to the gilded bronze statue of Sakyamuni Buddha (height 4.6m), and the right side is dedicated to the gilded bronze statue of Infinite Life Buddha (height1.4m). There are wooden pagodas on the west and south walls of the temple, all the way to the top of the temple. There are many statues in the niche, including 465, 438+037 Buddha statues, Guanyin, King Kong, French king and other alloy bronze statues (4 mm and 45 cm high), which are spectacular.

1.62. 85 meters high, three silver statues, such as Master Lotus Peanut and the Second Library, were presented by Ji Jiu Lacan, with angry eyes and holding instruments, showing infinite magic. Gnilakang mainly provides 9 silver or gold-plated bronze Buddha statues, such as Infinite Life Buddha, Manjusri Bodhisattva, Zunsheng Buddha Mother, Jingang Yong Buddha Mother and Gongjue Jeb, which are 2.74m high, beautifully decorated and elegant in shape. There is a beautiful backlight behind the Buddha statue, decorated with Dapeng, Dragon Lady, Capricorn Fish, Peacock, BMW, Ruixiang and Lux. Unique style and exquisite casting.

Lacan Zigong Kang (Dharma Hall) mainly worships clay sculptures of Xun (height1.6m), Pan Xie and Jixiang Tianmu (height1.2m), wearing a skull crown, with wide eyes and rolling eyes, and a green rope wreath around his neck.

The Lacan Lama consecrated the gilded bronze statue of Sakyamuni Buddha (1.4m high) and eight clay sculptures (80cm high), such as Aoerqiang Gongga Renqin and Qiangbai Duojie, with realistic shapes and various expressions.

Xuezalakan is the main donor of Siddhartha Gautama, and there are statues of Qiangbafo, Jingangchi, Jingangfo and Sabangongga on both sides of it, which are 70135 cm high. There are wooden shrines at both ends of the east and west walls and the north wall of the temple. There are 37 gold-plated bronze Buddha statues in the niche, with a height of 68.75 cm.

Lacang Zhanzhang (Basiba Hall) is mainly dedicated to Perruzza Nayin Buddha statue (2 meters high), 37 Pu Xian alloy Tathagata statues (60 centimeters high) and 16 clay arhats (40 centimeters high), with vivid images.

Painting is an important part of Sakya Temple, with a wide range of subjects, involving religion, history, culture and social life, which can be divided into murals and Thangka. There are more than 3000 murals. Mainly based on Buddhist teachings, myths and legends, historical stories, Kunshi history, Sakya history, landscape flowers, Swiss beast decoration and so on. The scene is grand and rich in content. The famous Tancheng mural (over 130), painted at the end of 13, has 63 Tancheng, which is a precious cultural heritage of painting art in Yuan Dynasty.

The painting "The Hereditary History of Kun" has 1 18 portraits of Kun's lineage, which looks like a vivid cartoon of Kun's lineage.

The Legend of Lotus Peanut depicts the birth, Confucian classics, Buddhism, entering Tibet, demonizing and building temples of a master, which is quite legendary.

The Biography of Sakyamuni describes the life experience of the Buddha. The whole mural is 66 meters long. Such a huge mural is rare in the history of Chinese and foreign painting.

Landscape Painting of Birds and Animals mainly depicts lions, tigers, elephants, deer, monkeys, cranes and other birds and animals. The mountains are heavy and the water is numerous, and the clouds are lingering, just like a fairyland-like paradise.

Thangka * * * has 280 axes, which has a history of nearly 700 years, but the color is still very bright. Among them, Thangka and Sabangongga's sharp praise of Basiba Painting Biography are the most precious. Sabantangka recorded the whole process of his debate with Indian scholars, and Batanga of Brazil recorded his main achievements, which is a rare artistic treasure.

In addition, there are ancient kings, monks, buddhas, bodhisattvas, Tara and various protectors with exquisite craftsmanship. Thangka's Thangka painting shows that there are "thirty-five Buddha statues" in Sangjie East House. Its simple and elegant style is very similar to the paintings of Dunhuang Grottoes in the same period. It is said to be a work of the Tubo period, and it is an extremely rare and precious cultural relic.

Sakya Temple has a rich collection of cultural relics, complete categories, a large number of scriptures and precious Bayeux scriptures, exquisite porcelain, conch, armor, helmet, saddle given by Yuan Di, and seals and seals in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The number is huge, ranking first in Tibetan temples.

Behind the main hall and on the left and right sides, there are wooden bookshelves with straight roofs and beams, which contain more than 45,000 classics, mainly including Ganjul, Danjul, Pabajie Dongba (Golden Ring Sutra), Biography of Sagar, and Biography of Sagar. , involving more than 2000 Tibetan classics such as literature, medicine, philosophy, history and calendar calculation.

Most of the scriptures are made of gold powder, silver powder and pearl powder, which has attracted the attention of historians at home and abroad, especially Tibetan scholars. There are eight Bayeux sutras in the temple, which are rare treasures, especially "Ode to Prajna Paramita for 8,000". Rectangular, the largest is 6 1 cm long and 6 cm wide; The smallest one is19.3cm long and 5.5cm wide, which is extremely precious.

There are more than 1 100 pieces of porcelain. Shapes are bowls, bottles, cans, boxes, portraits, skulls, scorpions, lions and so on. From the Yuan Dynasty to the Republic of China. The pattern has white porcelain surface relief pattern, which is simple and elegant; There are religious themes such as Babao, Manibao, Shuanglong, Shuangfeng, Songhe, Lotus Pattern, King Kong, six-character mantra, secular features such as picking green, hunting, traveling with his wife, eight young children practicing martial arts, gathering sages, and lively landscape flowers, which are dazzling.

In addition, there are more than 10 people in the Kun family who served as the imperial history of the Yuan and Ming dynasties, and several of them intermarried with the royal family. Two generations of emperors sealed a large number of Sakya Temple seals and Kun descendants seals, mainly including the imperial edict of the Yuan Dynasty, the Silver Seal of Bai Lanwang and the Great Yuan Seal. These precious cultural relics are very important for studying the implementation policies, casting techniques and the relationship between China and Tibet in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties.

Hint: vkhon-dkon-mchog-rgyal-po (1034-1102): a free translation of the treasure king. The founder of Sakya Temple and Sakya Sect. Sakya natives after Tibet. Claiming to be a descendant of the Tibetan noble "Kun" family. When I was a child, I learned the school's teaching methods and classic teaching methods from my father and brother. Later, I learned new translation secrets from masters such as Zhuomi, Ma Translator, Wali Translator and Cloth Translator, mainly Professor Daoguo. 1073 (the sixth year of Xining in the Northern Song Dynasty), Sakya Temple was built in Sakya Temple to spread Buddhism, and then Sakya Sect was founded with this temple as the ancestral temple. After the establishment of the Sakya Sect, the "unity of politics and religion" was implemented, which was passed down from generation to generation.

Tip: ① Tickets have been received before, 50 yuan/person (for reference). ② The sightseeing time is 9:00 18:30. ③ There are buses to Sakya Temple in Shigatse every day, and you can also charter or drive by car. ④ Sakya Temple is surrounded by the best hotel, Sakya Temple Hotel, which can receive foreign guests. There are western food, standard rooms and multiple rooms. There are also family hotels, with good environment and accommodation conditions. ⑤ Dusk is the best time to shoot Sakya Temple. You can also go up the mountain in the morning and have a panoramic view of Sakya Temple in the first light.

⑥ The dance of Sakya God is large in scale and unique. Thousands of monks and nuns worship and watch the divine dance every spring and summer. At this time, you can shoot a rich folk customs.

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