What is Zhu Yuanzhang's family background?

Zhu Yuanzhang, (1328 ~ 1398) Emperor of the Ming Dynasty. That is, Ming Taizu. Young name eight, also known as Xingzong, the word Guogong. Zhou Hao Li Zhong (now Fengyangdong, Anhui) was born. He was born in poverty and became a monk in Huang Jue Temple when he was a teenager. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, Guo Zixing, a member of the Red Scarf Army, rebelled against the Yuan Dynasty and later became the King of Wu. Destroy Chen Youliang and Zhang Shicheng, send troops to the Northern Expedition, and conquer Yanjing. I have been an emperor for 15 years. Year number Hongwu. Culturally, it advocates Confucianism and respects Confucius as a saint. On Confucianism as "Good View of Governing the Country". Wanzhong's collection of books ordered his subordinates to ask for books during the war. In the 28th year of Yuan Dynasty (1368), he moved to the Northern Expedition and ordered Xu Da, a general, to go to Beijing to accept the imperial collection of Yuan Dynasty and transport it to Nanjing. In the first year of Hongwu (1368), the imperial edict collected folk books and built "Dabentang" as a library. Hongwu ten years (1378), and ordered "a company to visit this year's book and hide it in the inner government for reference". And "every time there is nothing in the palace, we must learn from Confucius' view of words" in order to achieve the ruling purpose of "governing the country first by teaching". Gao Di died and the temple was named Taizu.

In the 11th year of Zheng Zhi, Yuan Shundi (135 1), the peasant uprising of the Red Scarf Army broke out. The following year, on the first day of March in the 12th year of Zheng Zheng, Zhu Yuanzhang joined the army of Guo Zixing. Zixing saw that Bird had a strange appearance and was different from ordinary people, so he was retained as a confidant soldier. He led the troops to war many times and was bound to attack. Zixing was overjoyed and acted as a concubine, betrothing his adopted daughter Ma Shi to Bird as his wife, and later became a high queen. In March of the 15th year of Zheng Zheng, Guo Zixing died, and his son Guo Tianxu led the crowd. Han Liner issued a letter to seal the sky, named Du Marshal, right deputy marshal and Zhu Yuanzhang left deputy marshal. Zhu Yuanzhang said generously, "A gentleman would rather be controlled!" I'm not affected. However, the rings are powerful and can be used as emperors, but his title is used as an army. In September, Guo Tianxu and Shuang Shuang died in battle, so they will return to Mao. Zhu Yuanzhang led the army to cut off the cable and cross the river, and took quarrying (now southwest of Maanshan, Anhui Province) and Xiataiping (now Dangtu, Anhui Province). The following year, Qing Ji (now Nanjing, Jiangsu) was captured and renamed Yingtian. Since then, Zhu Yuanzhang took Yingtian as his base and successively captured Changzhou, Jiangyin, Changshu, Huizhou (now Shexian County, Anhui Province) and Yangzhou. He also accepted the suggestion of Zhu Sheng, an old Confucian in Huizhou, that "build a high wall, accumulate grain widely, and slow down to be king", and asked him to reclaim wasteland, build water conservancy and resume agricultural production.

After Zhu Yuanzhang destroyed the isolated Yuan army in the southeast, he began to contend with the separatist forces at the end of the Yuan Dynasty. In February of the 23rd year (1363), Zhang Shicheng sent Lv Zhen to surround Anfeng and kill Liu Futong. Han Liner issued an urgent order to Zhu Yuanzhang, and Liu Ji (Bowen) warned Zhu Yuanzhang not to help him. Mao said, "Wang Xiaoming is in a hurry. I gave him the title of dragon and phoenix, and I couldn't bear to stand by and watch, so I had to save him. " So he led Xu Da and Chang Yuchun to help, drove Lv Zhen away and welcomed Lin Er back to Chuzhou. At this time, it has become Mao's puppet, but Zhu Yuanzhang still gave him the title of twins for the title of topic. Twenty-three years, and Chen Youliang decisive battle Poyang Lake.

In the 24th year of Zheng Zheng (1364), in the first month, Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself emperor and established a family of officials. In addition to offering sacrifices, there is also a death, which is called the imperial edict of Yundi () and the imperial edict of Wu Wang (Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang). Twenty-seven years in Zhang Shicheng. In December of the 26th year (1366), Liu Jimi, in the name of welcoming the liner to the south, ordered Liao Yongzhong to go to Guabu to cover the liner's ships. As a result, he sank into the water and drowned.

After Han Liner's death, Zhu Yuanzhang became the supreme leader. So Zhu Yuanzhang changed next year to the first year of Wu (1367). Then he sent troops to the Central Plains, issued a proclamation to the northern officials and people, and conquered Fang Guozhen in eastern Zhejiang and Chen Youding in Fujian. The declaration put forward the program of "expelling Land Rover, restoring China, establishing the framework of the past and relieving the Sri Lankan people", which has great appeal to the people in the north to resist national oppression. In the twenty-eighth year of Yuan Shundi (1368), on the fourth day of the first month, Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself emperor, with the title "Ming" and Jianyuan "Hongwu". Zhu Yuanzhang's founding name is Daming. In July, the Northern Expeditionary Army led by Xu Da approached Dadu, fled Shangdu with empresses and princes, and the Yuan Dynasty, which ruled China for 98 years, perished. Since then, the unification movement has continued. In the same year, Tanghe led his troops to the south, destroyed Fang Guozhen and Chen Youding, and entered Fujian and Guangdong. Hongwu four years (137 1) was born in Pingding, Sichuan. Fourteen years of Taiping in Yunnan. In 20 years, Shanxi, Shaanxi and Northeast China were pacified and the whole country was unified.

Zhu Yuanzhang, while drawing lessons from history, began to stabilize the rule of the new dynasty, formulated a series of policies and systems, and further consolidated and developed the centralization of authority. In the central government, the provincial government and the prime minister were abolished, and six ministers were directly subordinate to the emperor. Change Yushitai to Duchayuan, and together with Dali Temple and the Ministry of Punishment, it is called Sanfa Division. In the local provinces where Chinese books have been abolished, there are publicity, production bureaus, emissaries' departments, supervision departments, provincial departments and command and emissaries' departments, which are collectively called Dusi, Deployment Department and Information Department and directly under the central government. And established a medical system. In order to weaken the military power of generals, in the thirteenth year of Hongwu, the Governor's Office of the Fifth Army was established. Zhu Yuanzhang carried out the economic policy of health care and adopted a series of measures conducive to the recovery and development of agricultural production, such as encouraging land reclamation, implementing the system of land reclamation in the three villages of the people, the army and the merchants, building water conservancy projects, and promoting the cultivation of mulberry, hemp, cotton and other cash crops throughout the country, which successfully restored and developed the social economy of the Ming Dynasty. He also ordered the land to be cleared, compiled the Yellow Book of Gong Fish Scales, and established the system of inner armor and grain length to bind farmers' land. His policies, such as restricting and cracking down on the old landlords, stipulating the shift system of craftsmen and relaxing the personal control of rival industrialists, also promoted the recovery and development of agriculture and handicraft production. In order to enrich the official management, Zhu Yuanzhang adopted the methods of recommendation, school and imperial examination to select officials. In view of the lessons of corruption and even national subjugation of Yuan officials, he decided to rectify the bureaucracy. Even punishing corrupt officials by stripping grass is harsh and rare in history. Although his strict rectification movement had some effect, it also killed many innocent people because of his suspicious character. In order to strengthen the imperial power and solve the internal contradictions of the ruling order, Zhu Yuanzhang used the Hu case and the aquamarine case to slaughter the heroes; In order to ensure the stability of the feudal ruling order, he formulated a clear law and a high standard, and also set up a special security agency.

At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang also implemented the enfeoffment system, and 24 sons 1 were enfeoffed from Sun to all parts of the country to consolidate his rule. Zhu Yuanzhang's troops on the northern border were particularly strong because he maintained a fairly strong military force after the Northern Yuan Dynasty returned to the desert, which posed a great threat to the Northern Ming Dynasty. In the later period of Hongwu, these kings had mastered the military command of border defense and prevented the decline of military power. But his fourth son, Judy (see Cheng Zu of the Ming Dynasty), later won the throne of his successor, Emperor Wen Jian (see Jing Nan Battle).

A series of policies and systems formulated by Zhu Yuanzhang had far-reaching influence, played a certain progressive role and laid the foundation for the rule of the Ming Dynasty for more than 200 years. However, he developed the centralized monarchy to an unprecedented degree, which hindered the social economy, which also reflected the historical characteristics of the late feudal society in China. In the thirty-first year of Hongwu (1398), he died on May 5th and was buried in the Ming Tombs in Zhongshan, Nanjing. The Ming Tombs are listed in the World Heritage List. The name of the temple is Taizu, and the first emperor is high. At the beginning of Yongle, together with the sacred Wu Wen gods Qin Ming and Yun Qi Junde, the emperor Tian Da Gao Xiao was successfully unified. In the seventeenth year of Jiajing, he ascended to heaven as the son of heaven, Zhao Ji established the Great Sage as God, Benevolence and Righteousness, and Wu Junde succeeded him as the high emperor. Zhu Yuanzhang * * * reigned for thirty-one years and died at 1398 at the age of 7 1.

After Zhu Yuanzhang founded the Ming Dynasty, he worked hard to govern the country for thirty-one years, purged the bureaucracy, severely punished corrupt officials, established health centers, consolidated border defense, and attached importance to agriculture, which played a positive role in social stability, national unity and development. Zhu Yuanzhang is far-sighted, far-sighted, good at controlling wars and taking the initiative. In the hero's duel, choose the soldiers skillfully and break them one by one. In every battle, we should use heavy forces to avoid being attacked on both sides, and concentrate our forces to annihilate the enemy at an appropriate time. Pay attention to recruiting talents, learn from others, strictly manage the army, improve the military system, train and educate generals, and emphasize that generals should be knowledgeable, resourceful, benevolent and brave. It is advocated that soldiers should be involved in agriculture and plow fields to fight in order to maintain a strong armed force. His military thoughts have a great influence on later generations.

He created unjust prisons, killed heroes, set up a royal guard, exercised autocratic rule over officials and people, abolished the prime minister system, and suppressed the assistance of sages, making it easier for powerful officials and eunuchs to control political power.

In order to make the country permanent, Zhu Yuanzhang restored the enfeoffment system of the Zhou Dynasty. He sent his sons to all parts of the country to command the army. Among them, Judy is one of the nine northern frontier fortress. Due to the excessive power of the vassal king, when he was alive, an official wrote a letter, taking the Golden Rebellion as an example, accusing Mao of harboring evil intentions. But Ming Taizu said nothing. In Mao's later years, these kings became more and more powerful, especially Judy, the prince of Yan, and Zhu Quan, the king of Ning. Zhu Yunwen, the emperor's great-grandson, once his grandfather collapsed, he was worried about how to restrain these heavily armed uncles. Only four years after Ming Taizu's death, the Zhu Yunwen regime was overthrown by her fourth uncle Judy, and after Judy came to power, she cancelled the relieving of the captaincy. After the middle of the Ming Dynasty, the captaincy had only a hollow name and no real power.

Zhu Yuanzhang and Moon Cake Uprising

It is said that eating moon cakes in the Mid-Autumn Festival began in the Yuan Dynasty. At that time, the broad masses of the people in the Central Plains could not bear the cruel rule of the ruling class in the Yuan Dynasty and rose up against the Yuan Dynasty. Zhu Yuanzhang joined forces with various resistance forces to prepare for the uprising. However, the officers and men of the imperial court searched very closely and it was very difficult to pass on the news. Liu Bowen, a military strategist, came up with a plan and ordered his men to hide a note with the words "Uprising on the 15th of August" in the cake, and then sent people to the uprising troops in different places to inform them to respond to the uprising on the 15th of August. On the day of the uprising, all the rebels responded together, such as a single spark can start a prairie fire.

Soon, Xu Da captured the Yuan Dynasty and the uprising was successful. When the news came, Zhu Yuanzhang was so happy that he quickly sent a message saying that all the soldiers should have fun with the people in the upcoming Mid-Autumn Festival and give the "moon cakes" secretly sent at the time of the war as seasonal cakes to the ministers. Since then, the production of "moon cakes" has become more and more elaborate, and there are more and more varieties, such as dishes, which have also become good gifts. After the Mid-Autumn Festival, the custom of eating moon cakes spread among the people.

During the Mid-Autumn Festival, people's main activities are enjoying the moon and eating moon cakes.

Appreciate the bright full moon

Mid-Autumn Festival, China has the custom of enjoying the moon since ancient times. There is a record of "autumn twilight and the moon" in the Book of Rites, that is, worshipping the moon god. In the Zhou Dynasty, every Mid-Autumn Festival night, activities to welcome the cold and offer sacrifices to the moon were held. Put a big incense table with seasonal fruits such as moon cakes, watermelons, apples, plums and grapes, among which moon cakes and watermelons are absolutely indispensable. Watermelon must be cut into lotus shapes.

In the Tang Dynasty, it was quite popular to enjoy and play with the moon in the Mid-Autumn Festival. In the Song Dynasty, the Mid-Autumn Festival was more popular to enjoy the moon. According to "Dream of Tokyo", "On the Mid-Autumn Festival night, your family is dressing up and the people are fighting for the restaurant to play the moon". On this day, all shops and restaurants in Beijing have to redecorate their facades, tie silk on archways and sell fresh fruits and refined food. The night market is very lively. Many people visit The Upper Terrace, and some wealthy families enjoy the moon in their pavilions and arrange food or family dinners to reunite their children.

After the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the custom of enjoying the moon in the Mid-Autumn Festival remains the same. Many places have formed special customs such as burning incense, planting Mid-Autumn trees, lighting tower lanterns, putting sky lanterns, walking on the moon and dancing dragons.