Application of membrane structure

Although membrane structure architecture started late in China, it developed rapidly. From 1997 to 200 1, the membrane structure built in China reached 370,000 tons in five years. The membrane structure completed in 2003 is about 6.5438+0.8 million tons; The membrane structures built in 2005 and 2006 exceeded 330,000 tons and 400,000 tons respectively. The 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, the 20 10 Shanghai World Expo and the Guangzhou Asian Games, as well as the construction of various types of exhibition halls, ushered in the development peak of membrane structure architecture in China, and the construction scale of membrane structure architecture in China has expanded rapidly in recent years.

At present, the world-famous membrane structure manufacturers are mainly concentrated in a few developed countries such as the United States, Japan and Germany. Most well-known production enterprises have a full business chain model of product R&D, design and production. As the main materials of membrane structure, PVC membrane, PVF membrane, PVDF, PTFE and even the latest ETFE membrane are the main materials on the market at present. The Bird's Nest and Water Cube membrane structures completed in 2008 adopt ETFE membrane, which is the largest ETFE membrane structure in China at present, and the membrane materials are all imported. The "Bird's Nest" adopts a double-layer membrane structure, the outer layer adopts ETFE to prevent rain, snow and ultraviolet rays, and the inner layer adopts PTFE to achieve the purposes of heat preservation, dew prevention, sound insulation and light efficiency. "Water Cube" adopts double-layer ETFE inflatable membrane structure, with *** 1437 air pillows, each of which is like a "water bubble". By controlling the inflation amount, the air pillow can adjust the shading and light transmittance, effectively utilize natural light, save energy and provide a warm and comfortable environment for athletes and spectators.

At present, the development of membrane structure in China is exciting. With the construction of some large gymnasiums and waiting halls and the holding of international events such as 20 10 Shanghai World Expo and Guangzhou Asian Games, it brings opportunities and challenges to the development of membrane structures in China. Especially in membrane materials, China started late and its technical level is low. Most membrane materials mainly depend on imports. Polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl chloride, surface modified polyvinyl chloride, ETFE and other membrane materials are the mainstream of the market and widely used. China has the independent intellectual property rights of PTFE membrane material, and its performance basically meets the requirements of similar products abroad. Many companies, scientific research institutions and universities are studying PVC surface coating materials, such as PVDF and nano-TiO2 surface coating agents, and have achieved initial results. In addition, the research of surface antifouling and self-cleaning treatment, such as bionic lotus leaf to build micro-rough surface, has also begun. While introducing world-class production equipment and technology, it is of great significance to speed up digestion and absorption, improve and innovate, and develop membrane surface treatment technology suitable for China market demand as soon as possible, which will enhance the product grade and market competitiveness of China's industrial textiles.

There are also many engineering examples of membrane structures in China, among which 1997 is the largest and most influential tensioned membrane structure project of 80,000 stadiums in Shanghai. The membrane structure is designed and manufactured by Weidlinger Company of the United States, from which we can see that there is a big gap between China and advanced foreign countries in this field. The main factors affecting the wide application of membrane structure in China are: the poor performance of domestic membrane materials, while the high price of imported membrane materials; There is no commercial southern aided design system for membrane structure calculation; People don't know enough about membrane structure.

1970 Both the USA Pavilion and Fuji Pavilion of Osaka World Expo adopted membrane structures, which caused quite a stir in the architectural field. 1996 The quasi-oval size of the "Georgia Dome" for the Atlanta Olympic Games is 240m* 193m. In order to celebrate the arrival of the new millennium, Britain built a "thousand gas dome" with a diameter of 320 meters in London. The exhibition hall covers a total area of 80,000 square meters. Covered with 72 PVC coated glass fiber fabric panels, the Millennium Dome, with its unique membrane structure, shows the development level of today's building technology and materials science. Cultural facilities-exhibition centers, theaters, conference halls, museums, botanical gardens, aquariums and other sports facilities-stadiums, gymnasiums, fitness centers, swimming pools, tennis halls, basketball halls and other commercial facilities-shopping malls, shopping centers, hotels, restaurants, shops (overhangs), commercial streets and other transportation facilities-airports, railway stations, bus stations, toll stations, docks.

Landscape facilities-building entrance, landmark sketch, pedestrian street, parking lot, etc.