Exploring the original text in classical Chinese

1. There is a classical Chinese article called Inquiry Learning in 8th grade's next Chinese lesson. Full text of learning request and its translation.

Selected from Collected Works of Baihetang, originally titled "Showing sons and nephews for learning".

[Qing] Peng Duanshu was a litterateur in Qing Dynasty, about 1699—— about 1779.

Original text:

How difficult is it in the world? For it, it is easy and difficult; If you don't do it, it's hard for easy people. Is it difficult for people to learn? Learned, difficult people will be easy; If you don't learn, it will be difficult for easy people.

I am too weak to catch anyone; I'm incompetent, but I can't catch anyone. Learn once and for a long time, but don't be lazy, you will achieve it, but you don't know its vagueness and mediocrity. My intelligence is twice as good as that of people; I am sensitive to materials, twice as sensitive as people; Abandoning it is tantamount to fainting and mediocrity. The way of being a saint was handed down by Lu. However, it is useless to be stupid and clever.

There are two monks in Shu: one is poor and the other is rich. The poor man said to the rich man, "What do I want in the South China Sea?"

The rich man said, "Why should I go?"

Yue: "I have a bottle and a bowl."

The rich man said, "I have always wanted to buy a boat for many years, but I have never been able to buy it." Why should I go? "

The next year, the poor will come back from the South China Sea to tell the rich. The rich are ashamed.

I don't know how many miles it takes to go to the South China Sea in Xishu, but rich monks can't go and poor monks can't go. People's aspirations are not as good as humble monks.

Therefore, cleverness and sensitivity can be relied on, but they cannot be relied on. Being smart and sensitive is not a scholar, and people who give up on themselves are also confused and mediocre. Those who are restless in lethargy and mediocrity and tireless in machinery are also self-reliant.

translate

Is there a difference between hard and easy things in the world? As long as you do it, the difficult things will become easy; If you don't do it, simple things will become difficult. Is there a difference between learning difficultly and learning easily? As long as you learn, the difficult things will become easy; If you don't learn, simple things will become very difficult.

My talent is inferior to others; My talent is mediocre and inferior to others. As long as I study hard every day and persist for a long time until I succeed, I will know my ignorance and mediocrity. I am intelligent and agile, several times more than others. If you abandon it, it will be no different from ignorance and mediocrity. Confucius' thoughts and remarks were finally handed down by Zeng Shen, who was dull in talent. In this regard, is there a routine role of ignorance, mediocrity and cleverness?

There are two monks on the border of Sichuan, one is poor and the other is rich. The poor monk said to the rich monk, "How about I go to the South China Sea?"

The rich monk said, "Why do you go?"

The poor monk said, "I have a bottle of water and a bowl of rice."

The rich monk said, "For several years, I have been trying to rent a boat to sail down the Yangtze River, but I haven't succeeded yet. Why do you go? "

The next year, the poor monk came back from the South China Sea and told the rich monk about it. The rich monk showed a face of shame.

Shu in the west is thousands of miles away from the South China Sea. Rich monks can't arrive, but poor monks can. If people want to make up their minds, they are not as good as monks in Kawabe.

Therefore, intelligence can be relied on or not; Those who rely on their own cleverness and agility but don't study hard ruin themselves. Ignorance and mediocrity can restrict people but not people; Those who are not limited by their ignorance and mediocrity, but study diligently will succeed by their own efforts.

"Asking about Learning" was written by Yu, not in classical Chinese, so I think what you are looking for should be for learning.

2. Full-text translation of learning chess in classical Chinese 1. Qiu Yi is a national chess player. Let Qiu Yi teach two people to play chess. One of them concentrates on his study and only listens to Qiu Yi. While listening to Qiu Yi's instructions, another man was absorbed in thinking that a wild goose was coming, and he wanted to shoot it down with a bow and arrow. Although they learn chess together, the latter is not as good as the former. Is it because his intelligence is not as good as the last one? The answer is: no.

Second, the original text of "Learning Games": selected from "Mencius in the Warring States".

Qiu Yi is the best athlete in this country. Let Qiu Yi teach two people to play chess, one to concentrate on playing chess, and Qiu Yi listens; Although one person thought it was a swan, he tried to shoot it with his bow. Although I learned chess from the previous one, chess is still not as good as the previous one. Is it because his intelligence is not as good as the former? That's not true.

Iii. Translation of Two Children Debate Day;

One day, when Confucius traveled eastward, he saw two children arguing and asked why.

A child said, "I think the sun is closer to people when it first rises and farther away at noon."

Another child thinks that the sun is farther away from people at sunrise and closer to people at noon.

A child said, "The sun was as big as a hood when it first came out, and it was like a plate at noon. It is not small when it is far away, and it is not big when it is near? "

Another child said, "When the sun just came out, it felt cool. At noon, it was like putting your hand into hot water. It's not hot when it's near, and it's not cold when it's far away? "

Confucius could not judge who was right or wrong.

The two children smiled and said, "Who says you are very wise?"

Fourth, the original text of "Two Children Debate on Japan": Liezi Tang Wen in the Warring States Period.

When Confucius traveled eastward, he saw two children arguing and asked them why.

A child said, "I think the sun is close to the sky at sunrise and far from the sky at noon." . "

Another child thinks that the sun is far from the sun when it rises, and it is closer to people at noon.

A child said, "When the sun just came out, the hood of the car was as big as noon and the plate was as small as usual. Is this the reason why it is not far from the big one?" ? "

Another child said, "The sun just came out to cool down, and it was as hot as putting your hand in hot water at noon. Isn't that why you feel hot when you are near and cool when you are far away?" ? "

Hearing this, Confucius could not judge who was right or wrong.

The two children smiled and said to Confucius, "Who said you were smart?" ? "

Extended data

A brief introduction to the author of "Learning Chess"

Mencius (about 372 BC-289 BC) was born in Zouguo (now Zoucheng, Jining, Shandong) during the Warring States Period.

A famous philosopher, thinker, politician and educator in the Warring States period, one of the representatives of Confucianism, was second only to Confucius, and was also called "Confucius and Mencius" with Confucius. Advocating "benevolent government", he first put forward the idea that "the people are more expensive than the monarch".

The Original Road by Han Yu listed Mencius as a Confucian figure who inherited the Confucian orthodoxy in the pre-Qin period, while the Yuan Dynasty posthumously awarded Mencius as "elegant Gong Sheng" and respected him as "elegant saint". Mencius is a collection of essays compiled by Mencius and his disciples, which advocates "benevolence-oriented".

Second, a brief introduction to the author of "The Days of Two Children Debating"

Liezi (about 450 BC-375 BC, during the Warring States Period, at the age of 75) was a representative figure of Taoism in the early Warring States Period. Famous Kou, also known as Yu Kou ("Liezi" is the honorific title for him by later generations), was born in Putian (now Zhengzhou City, Henan Province) in the Zhou Dynasty, and the ancient emperor was later than Khan. One of the ten outstanding figures in pre-Qin Dynasty, he was a famous Taoist scholar, thinker, philosopher, writer and educator.

Liezi, a thinker in the early Warring States period, was a contemporary of Zheng Miaogong, another representative figure of Taoist thought besides Laozi and Zhuangzi. His scholarship originated from Huangdi Laozi, and he advocated inaction. At the end of Han Dynasty, there were eight volumes of Liezi in the Taoist part of Ban Gu's Yi Wen Zhi. Liezi, also known as Xu Chongjing (written from 450 BC to 375 BC), is an important Taoist classic. The Han Book Yiwenzhi contains eight volumes of Liezi, which was lost earlier.

It has a far-reaching influence on later philosophy, aesthetics, literature, science and technology, health preservation, music and religion. He is the author of Liezi, whose theory originated from Huangdi Laozi and belongs to Laozi. The pre-Qin school of philosophy (Liezixue) was established. He is an important successor of Taoist school between Laozi and Zhuangzi.

3. Search the translations of the classical Chinese "The State of Lu Robbed the Valley" and "Seeking Knowledge by Luz". A guest who likes Buddhism stole wine from the Lu people. Every time he talks with others about reason, he always takes out his Buddhism to control them, and he thinks he is very opinionated. Li Yu said to the guests: "In the past, Lu people could not make wine, and only Zhongshan people were good at making wine for 1000 days." But I couldn't get it. A man in Lu went to Sun Yat-sen to be an official, stayed in a hotel, stole the distiller's grains from the store, went back to Lu's place, soaked them in Lu's wine, and then said, "This is Sun Yat-sen's wine." Lu drank it and thought it was Sun Yat-sen's wine. One day, the hotel owner visited and heard that there was wine from his own country, so he asked for it and spit it out. Now you can show off to me with the Buddhist teachings you have learned, which is ok; But I think the real Buddha will laugh at you and just learn some dross. Lutz asked Zi Xue to visit Confucius, who asked, "What do you like?" Lutz replied, "I like long swords." Confucius said, "With your talent, who can compare with you?" Lutz said, "How about reading?" Confucius said, "Those who drive crazy horses can't put down their whips, and those who hold crossbows can't throw away their bow-bending devices; Wood can be straightened after rope ink treatment, and people will understand if they accept outspoken suggestions; Learning from teachers and attaching importance to learning can't be successful! Luz said: "The bamboo produced in Nanshan is natural and straight, and it has not been processed. Cut it down and use it (as an arrow) to penetrate the skin of rhinoceros (as armor). Why study? "Confucius said," Put feathers in the tail of the arrow and sharpen it, so that the arrow will go deeper. " Lutz saluted, "thank you for asking.

4. Classical Chinese

The original gentleman's learning must be inquisitive. If you ask and learn, you will go hand in hand. If you don't learn, you will have no doubt. You can't be a good scholar if you are thirsty for knowledge and don't ask questions frequently. If you understand clearly, but you don't achieve your goal, you know it's big, but you don't know its details. How can it be funny if you don't ask?

A knowledgeable person is bound to like to ask questions to others when studying. Asking and learning complement each other. It is impossible to find problems without studying and researching, and it is impossible to enrich knowledge without asking questions. Just like learning but unwilling to ask others for advice from time to time, you are not a person who really loves learning. Even if you understand the truth, you may not be able to put it into practice. Even if you understand the main thing, maybe you don't understand its details. So where can we infer the solution except asking others?