Is Taoyuan Sanjieyi True or False? Historically, Liu has no "three relatives"

Is Taoyuan Sanjieyi True or False? Historically, Liu has no "three relatives". Let me introduce the relevant contents in detail for you.

The story of "Three Oaths in Taoyuan" is the first time that Luo Guanzhong put "Three Oaths for a hero in Taoyuan Banquet, and the yellow turban insurrectionary beheaded the hero" at the beginning of The Romance of the Three Kingdoms. According to legend, at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, people were * * *, and years of famine made life very difficult. Jason, a stag, saw that the people held a grudge against the government, so he and his younger brothers Sean and Zhang Bao recruited 500,000 people in Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Hubei and Jiangsu to hold an uprising and jointly attack the officers and men.

A few days later, the four people wrapped in yellow turban insurrectionary followed Zhang Jiao's three brothers to kill the government, with great momentum.

Emperor Han Ling got reports from all over the country and quickly ordered the loyalist to guard against it. He also sent corps commanders Lu Zhi, Huang Fusong and Zhu Juan to lead elite troops to attack the Yellow Scarf Army of Zhang Jiao brothers.

Opening Angle led the attack on the border of Youzhou, and the prefect of Youzhou hurriedly called a captain Zou Jing to discuss. Zou Jing said, serenade, Youzhou, can't resist, and suggested writing a post to recruit military forces in various counties.

When Bang Wenhang went to Zhuoxian, he introduced a hero. This man's name is Liu Mingbei, and his word is Xuande. Because of his poor family, he made a living by selling Ma Xie and weaving straw mats. On this day, he came to town to read the list.

After reading the list, Liu Bei said with emotion. Suddenly, I heard a man shouting behind me: "Why are you sighing when a gentleman doesn't contribute to his country?"

Looking back, Liu Bei saw that this man was eight feet tall, with a leopard head, round eyes, a full face of whiskers standing upright like a steel wire and a voice like Hong Zhong. He looks very powerful. The man told Liu Bei that his surname was Zhang and his name was Yide, and he was in the business of selling wine and slaughtering pigs and sheep. He is willing to spend all his money to do something great with Liu Bei.

Liu Bei and Zhang Fei talked about speculation, so they went to a hotel at the entrance of the village to drink and chat. At this time, a car full of big men came into the store to drink. Liu Bei noticed that the man was nine feet tall, with a long beard fluttering in his chest, a face like red dates, a pair of phoenix eyes and two lying silkworm eyebrows, and his appearance was very dignified. Liu Bei got up quickly, invited him to come and sit down, and asked his name.

The man said, "My name is Guan Mingyu, and I'm long. Because the bully in the village bullied others, I killed the bully in a rage and fled to another country for five or six years. " Liu Bei and Zhang Fei admired them and told Guan Yu their wishes. Guan Yu is also very happy.

After drinking, they came to Zhang Fei's manor together and saw a peach blossom garden behind the manor. The peach blossoms in the garden are brilliant and the scenery is beautiful. The next day, the three men burned incense in the garden and swore to be brothers with different surnames. The three men recognized their brothers by age, and Liu Bei became the eldest brother, followed by Guan Yu and Zhang Fei, the youngest, and became the younger brother.

At that time, Zhang Fei was the richest man, selling meat, and naturally invited more guests. Guan Yu was not short of money to sell food, so he wrapped up the wine. Liu Bei sells straw sandals, which makes a small profit. Every time I go to dinner, I only bring my mouth. As the saying goes, rice noodle couples,

Fair-weather friends Liu, Guan and Zhang all like to drink, but Liu Bei always eats for nothing, so Guan and Zhang are a little dissatisfied.

On one occasion, in the middle of Tomb-Sweeping Day, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei consulted and called a boat to drink in the middle of the lake with dining tables, trying to avoid Liu Bei, but Liu Bei found out.

Guan Yu and Zhang Fei set the table on the boat and were about to drink. Suddenly, they saw a big box coming with the wind. I didn't know what treasure was in it, so they asked the boatman to hook it with a pole. They dragged the box to the boat, opened it and saw a man coming out of it. It was Liu Bei. I heard Liu Bei say, "Thank you for waiting!" Guan Yu and Zhang Fei secretly complained. Now, how can they drive away the guests? Guan Gong still has an idea. He said, "Today is Tomb-Sweeping Day, and Yazhengnong. Why not say a few words? " ? If you can say it, if you can't say it after drinking and eating, it's hard to say-stare! "Zhang Fei and Liu Bei said," OK. " So, the three of them answered each other sentence by sentence. Guan Yu first said, "It's confusing to grind ink on the ink tray. The words you wrote are clearly ink-written, easy to make easy, and the words are ink-written, which is rare. " Zhang Fei went on to say, "it snows in the sky, which is confusing and melts on the water. It is clear that snow becomes water, which is easy to put down, and water becomes snow, which is very rare. "Liu Bei said," There are people floating in the box, and I am confused. Obviously, I can easily find you two. You two rarely find me. Zhang Guan had nothing to say, so he had to treat Liu Bei to a plain meal.

Another day, Zhang Fei arranged a banquet in Taoyuan in his backyard. He sat on both sides with Guan Yu first, but left the first one empty for Liu Bei. No sooner had the dining tables been served than Liu Bei came with a string of straw sandals. He was not polite at all, and said, "It's better to come early than opportunely, so that I can live up to the kindness of the two good brothers!" " "A * * * sat in an empty position. There used to be a reed mat covered with a well. Supposedly, he will fall into the well, just sit still and eat and drink as usual. Zhang Fei was stunned for a long time, pretended to leave and spat, went around behind Liu Bei and secretly unveiled a reed mat. I saw a cloud in the well, and a golden dragon with five claws shining scales was holding Liu Bei. Zhang Fei realized that Liu Bei was a descendant of Kowloon Star. Zhang Fei dare not speak. After drinking, he said to Guan Yu, "This Liu Bei is very famous. He is destined to be emperor. "From then on, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei never looked down on Liu Bei and followed Liu Bei to farmland.

Of course, the above is just a legend about the "Three Oaths in Taoyuan". However, this historical data gave the later folk artists and playwrights unlimited imagination.

Some experts have verified that the story of "Taoyuan Sanjieyi" probably began to spread in the Song and Yuan Dynasties. In Rebuilding the Temple, there was a saying that "Wang (Guan Yu) and the general riding a sedan chair were friends with Zhao Lie, and they were about brothers". Guan Yu's plays also quoted the poet's poem "A brother and a younger brother in Taoyuan, a brother and a gentleman for thousands of years" at the end of Yuan Dynasty. There is also a complete story in the Yuan drama "Liu Tao undresses": Yin Zang, a ghost of Zhou Pu, wants to stand on his own feet and beg Guan Yu to be handsome. Guan Yu killed him and fled to Fanyang, Zhuozhou. Zhang Fei opened a butcher shop in the local area. Zhang Fei deliberately pressed a knife with a 1,000-pound boulder in front of the store, and threatened that if anyone could move the boulder, he would not take a penny.

Send him meat. One day, Guan Yu passed by Zhang Fei's butcher's shop and moved out the 1,000-pound boulder that Zhang Fei used to press the knife. There was no meat. When Zhang Fei returned to the store and learned the news, he went to the inn where Guan Yu stayed and worshipped Guan Yu as his brother. Later, they met Liu Bei. Seeing Liu Bei's extraordinary appearance, I invited him to drink together. Liu Bei was lying drunk when he saw a red snake drilling into Liu Bei's seven orifices. Guan Yu felt that "the blessing of this person will be expensive in the future", so he worshipped Liu Bei as his brother. The three men slaughtered cattle and horses in Taoyuan outside the city, offering sacrifices to heaven and earth, vowing "not to be born on the same day, but to die on the same day". Although the story is interesting, it is absurd.

The concept of "Taoyuan Sanjieyi" in Pinghua of the Three Kingdoms in Yuan Dynasty is better;

Say a person, surnamed Guan Mingyu, the word cloud is long, Pingyang is also a lover, with beautiful eyebrows and eyes, a face like purple jade, nine feet and two inches long, and likes to watch Zuo Zhuan in the Spring and Autumn Period. Seeing the story of traitors and thieves makes you angry and evil. Because the county magistrate was greedy for money and took bribes, they killed the county magistrate and fled to Zhuo Jun. Don't wander because it is difficult to hide, how can you know righteousness when you meet gold?

According to legend, there is a man named Zhang, whose word is Yide, from Fanyang, Yanbang County. He was born with a leopard head and eyes, a beard and a beard. He is more than nine feet long and sounds like a huge clock. This family is rich and powerful. Standing at the door with nothing to do, I saw Guan Gong Street passing by. I was born with an extraordinary appearance and was dressed in blue, not from here. March forward and see Guan Yu salute. Guan Gong returned the gift.

Fei asked, "Where are you going, Sir? What citizen? " Guan Yu saw Fei's question and looked at Fei in an unusual way. He said, "I missed a man from Hedong who wanted to save the country. I killed him because the county officials treated the people unfairly. I dare not live in the countryside, so I came here to take refuge. " It is a gentleman's ambition to fly to see Guan Yu finish speaking. So I invited Guan Gong to the hotel. Fly to measure wine and bring 200 yuan wine. The host replied.

As soon as Guan Yu saw that it wasn't grass flying, he was exhausted. Guan Yu wanted to wait for the cup, but he had no money around and had a hard time. Fei said, "How outrageous!" Then ask the host to bring the wine. Two people use the same words to persuade each other, just like before. Exactly: on the day when the dragon and tiger meet, the monarch and the minister celebrate together.

On the same day, (Liu Bei) came to the hotel to buy wine to eat because he was selling shoes in the city and sold out. Guan and Zhang Jiande were born in strange shapes, with countless blessings. Guan Yu then drank wine for Degong. The public is very happy to see that their looks are also extraordinary; Don't refuse, have a drink. After drinking, Zhang Fei holds the lamp, and Degong drinks again. Fei invited Degong to sit with him, drank three glasses of wine, and the three of them lived in peace and made up.

Zhang said, "This is not where we sit. If you don't give up, come to our house for a drink. " When the two males saw the flight, they flew to the house. There is a peach blossom garden behind, and there is a small pavilion in the garden. Fei invited two gentlemen to the pavilion to buy wine, and three of them enjoyed drinking. In the drinking room, the order of the three people is the same: Degong is the longest, Guan Gong is the second, and Feitian is the smallest. Treat the older ones as brothers and the younger ones as brothers. Kill the white horse to sacrifice to heaven, and kill the black cow to sacrifice to the ground. I don't want to be born on the same day, I just want to die on the same day. Three people walk together, sit together, sleep together and swear to be brothers and sisters.

A moral man saw the danger of the Han Dynasty, thieves were on the rise, and there was a famine in Li Shu. He sighed: "A gentleman is born in the world, so be it!" Always discussing * * *, trying to save Li Min and solve the son of heaven in whitewashing peace.

Relatively speaking, the design of this plot is more reasonable and has the shadow of real life. During the Three Kingdoms period, there was a custom of killing white horses as allies. In the seventh year of Jian 'an (AD 202), Cao Cao attacked Nanpi and killed Yuan Tan. Yuan Ji ordered that his back should be turned to Cao. When they rebelled, they vowed to kill the white horse. But this is just an oath, not a sworn brother. Later, many leaders of the peasant uprising used this form when they began to become sworn brothers. For example, in the Red Scarf Uprising of Liu Futong and others in the Yuan Dynasty, the Chronicle of Shun Di in the Yuan Dynasty described their sworn relationship as "killing white horses and black cows, swearing to heaven and earth, and trying to fight against them".

But this kind of writing is rough and low-level.

Luo Guanzhong deserves to be called a master of literature, and these historical materials and stories have undergone fundamental changes as soon as they reached his hands. Luo Guanzhong deleted some absurd elements and changed them into three people who want to join the army to break thieves, protect the country and the people, and do great things with the same goal. Especially when the three people burned incense and took the oath again, they said, "Liu Bei, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei are brothers, although their surnames are different, so Qi Xin worked together to help the poor;" Serve your country, rest in peace. I don't want to be born on the same day in the same year, I just want to die on the same day in the same year After heaven and earth, I will learn from this heart, be ungrateful, and kill people in heaven and earth! " In this way, the thinking is also high, and the relationship between friends has also risen a lot, turning a simple sworn into a mutual support for going to the national disaster, which makes people feel lofty and cordial. A big book put "Three sworn vows in Taoyuan" at the beginning, which laid the foundation for their profound friendship to achieve such a goal of "doing great things" and "sharing weal and woe". So in later years, it was even more convincing that Guan Yu and Zhang Fei risked their lives to help Liu Bei restore the Han Dynasty.

So, what is the relationship between Liu Bei, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei in history?

In fact, Mr. and Mrs. Liu are not bound by Taoyuan Sanjie. The reasons are as follows: (1) There is no record in the official history, and neither the History of the Three Kingdoms nor Zi Tong Zhi Jian mentioned this matter; ② The age of three people should be Guan, not Liu.

There is no date of birth and death of Liu Bei in the History of the Three Kingdoms, only that he died in the third year of Zhangwu (AD 223) at the age of 63. Accordingly, Liu Bei was born in Yan Xi, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty for four years (A.D. 16 1). Therefore, the year of birth and death of Liu Bei should be 16 1-223.

According to Qian's Novel Collection: The Tombstone of Guan Houzu Unearthed in Guan Yu's Hometown during Kangxi Period, Guan Yu was born in June of the third year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (AD 160). Therefore, Ke Rulin's Chronicle of Guan Yu thinks that Guan Yu is one year older than Liu Bei. Guan Yu's birth and death year should be 160-2 19.

When Zhang Fei was born and died, Ci Hai introduced: -22 1 year. According to Guan Gong Chronicle, "Zhang Fei and Liu Bei were four years old", it should be 165 -22 1 year.

The Biography of the Three Kingdoms and Liu Ye also said: "Guan Yu and Bei are the righteousness of the monarch and the minister, and the brothers of benevolence and righteousness."

Historically, the relationship between Liu, Guan and Zhang is really extraordinary. The Story of the Three Kingdoms, Guan Yu, said that Guan Yu was desperate to go to Zhuo Jun, Liu Bei was an apprentice in the village, and Guan Yu and Zhang Fei voted for him. Later, Liu Bei was a plain, and Yu Hefei was another Sima, which was divided into different parts. Liu Bei and the two of them "sleep together and are brothers." Guan Yu often sits in a crowded room and stands all day. Later, Xuzhou fell, Guan Yu was captured, and Cao Cao sent people to surrender. Guan Yu also said, "I was sworn to death by General Liu, so I can't recite it." "Biography of Zhang Fei" also records: "Zhang Fei ..... is less prepared with Guan Yu, how old is Yu, and Brother Fei is the master."

Guan Yu and Zhang Fei are both famous for their bravery. Cheng Yu, the counselor of Wei, praised him as "the enemy of ten thousand people" and Zhou Yu praised him as "the general of bears and tigers". Therefore, Liu Bei attached great importance to Zhang Guan and regarded him as a confidant. So that later historians, such as Wang Fuzhi in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, thought: "Liu Bei's trust in Zhang Guan is better than his sincerity to Zhuge Liang."

The above historical materials are enough to explain two problems: first, the "Enruo brothers" who are closely related to Liu; Second, they are "brothers" rather than sworn brothers, and there is no conclusion in historical materials. Therefore, there is no real incident of "Three sworn vows in Taoyuan" in history, but the relationship between Liu and Liu is indeed very close, which provides convincing materials for literary creation and folklore, and makes Liu's story of "Three sworn vows in Taoyuan" widely circulated.