Yu's cultural prose is often regarded as fallacious. What exactly are there? for instance

Yu's article is a bit like that of the Hanlin Academy. Although the articles of the Hanlin Academy, like the prescriptions of Imperial Hospital, the memorial of Duchayuan and the tea soup of Guanglu Temple, are one of the great anecdotes in Beijing, resplendent and magnificent, but ceremonies such as ancestor worship, imperial seal and declaration of war are indispensable. Yu's article is also wonderful and gorgeous, which is indispensable at the moment, but it is also a bit like a joke.

Yu's articles, like those of the Hanlin Academy, use allusions to talk about history. In reading history, I only read stories, not texts, so my history is full of good stories; After adding soy sauce, monosodium glutamate and vinegar, these stories became prose. After the historical context was broken and turned into prose, I began to feel deeply. With emotion, this article is somewhat touching.

Although the article is moving, I still haven't read the history well; So some people write articles and even publish books to criticize. I read several review articles and found them very interesting, so I also asked Yu to read Travelers Without Borders, one of which was written by Northern Europe. After reading it, it is more interesting; Because the ignorance of Nordic history and culture is completely blank; So I didn't spit it out. I also talked to Yu about the history of Northern Europe. Listen to this word.

"two"

Boundless Traveler Part IV, Northern Europe, Articles 54-6 1 consists of eight articles, covering four countries: Denmark, Sweden, Norway and Iceland. After reading through, almost every article has serious injuries caused by ignorance; Yu took a lot of money and went to the Nordic countries for a few days. With Yu's writing style, write a few scenic travel notes, which are so-so and tasteful; The problem is that we have to talk about history.

The history of northern Europe has been rarely introduced in China; Therefore, Yu told the history of Northern Europe with great energy. Those gentlemen who want to dig up the smelly feet are not familiar with Nordic history. So I couldn't help talking about it; The most eloquent talk about history is Chapter 57 "Historical Honesty" in Travelers Without Borders. Yu visited the Viking Ship Museum in Oslo, so he gave a big speech.

Let's talk about the vikings first; Yu claimed that he could read "Sakya" everywhere in the fourth part of "Boundless Traveler". This is of course Yu's boast, because Sakya was written in ancient Icelandic. Then we can understand that we can read English. However, Yu said that the museum displaying Viking ships is part of the Norwegian Museum of Culture and History. The Norwegian name is Vikingskipshuset and the English name is Viking Ship Museum. Obviously, this is the Viking Ship Museum. Yu said, "The Viking Museum in Oslo".

This is of course a small mistake, but the main reason for this mistake is that he doesn't know the history of Viking at all, so he equates Viking with pirates and is simple and ignorant. Because of this, Yu vividly said that "pirates are pirates,,," and so on. Anyone who knows a little English knows that Viking is a historical term, such as Viking era, Viking culture and so on. And piracy is a common term. To equate Viking with pirates is to equate bamboo forests with bamboo chairs; Ignorance and jokes are nothing more than this.

It is a joke to talk about history without knowing it. The following passage is: "Look at Norway. In ancient times, some people caught some fish and hunted some wild fruits at the seaside, and later learned to plant and build ships. Their lifestyle is very backward and they can't cope with climate change and population growth. " This is the typical history of Yu prose culture. The historical fact is that the way of life of ancient Nordic people is quite advanced, and their shipbuilding technology, iron smelting and forging, navigation technology, wine making, pig raising and so on. Far more than contemporary Europeans; Vikings valued knowledge and wisdom, and many people were eloquent poets. They also have Rooney characters, although a little superstitious, and are also used to erect monuments to historical events.

In May 2000, Time magazine published a long article entitled "The Incredible Viking". While introducing the historical facts of Viking's discovery of America, it also points out that Viking was politically democratic and economically woven a huge trade network, which extended to today's Iraq. At the same time, they are masters of forging and smelting; Has been able to make the most fashionable jewelry with gold and silver. An archaeological discovery in Britain also shows that the Vikings who once lived in Britain took a bath once a week, which was much cleaner than the local British. Such a fact, Yu actually closed his eyes and said, "The way of life is very backward"?

In equating vikings with pirates, he first made a huge conceptual mistake. Under the guidance of this mistake, the rest is speculation and speculation. He doesn't understand that the word Viking itself comes from Nordic. Vik means harbor, such as Reykjavik, and vik at the end is harbor. Vik with the suffix ing, or the plural form of ingar, means "people from the Gulf", which is a very neutral word in itself. In modern English, the word Viking is not derogatory.

A derogatory term for Viking, related to pirates, from Nordic countries and religious opposition to Christianity. In the European continent where Christianity dominates the whole country, those tough people in northern Europe don't believe in the Christian God, but believe in polytheism in northern European mythology, which is naturally barbarians; This is a typical saying that the winner is king and the loser is the enemy; Christianity finally won, so barbarians who believed in polytheism were called "pirates".

The eighth century to the eleventh century was the dark middle ages in continental Europe. Christianity imprisons people's thoughts, suppresses human nature, and accumulates wealth in the church at the same time. At the same time, the Christian church is extremely hostile to pagans and tries its best to conquer persecution. This is common sense in European history. It is in this opposite sense that Vikings will inevitably attack churches, kill monks and seize the gold and silver treasures gathered in churches. On the contrary, they are polite businessmen where they are not regarded as barbarians. For example, on the East Road, the Vikings mainly engaged in trade, so they established their own trade base Kiev. Contrary to Christian egoism, Vikings respected other religions more. Archaeologists even found a Buddha statue from northern India in the tomb of a Swedish king.

"three"

When I fell into the trap of common sense, his comments and feelings were ridiculous. "Pirates began in the late eighth century and committed heinous crimes against plundered areas and residents. But from a distance, it objectively promoted navigation and trade. ,,,, this is from ignorance to barbarism, creating conditions for civilization in an uncivilized way. " Here, Yu completely reversed the historical facts, because if you open any book about the vikings, you can read that the vikings themselves were excellent navigators, tireless explorers and businessmen. Only where they can't trade, especially in the Christian areas that hate them, can they become violent conquerors and brave fighters. It is said that pirates have promoted navigation and trade. Where is the basis of Yu?

Reversing the causal relationship of history is Yu's specialty; Because I didn't read history, he only read historical stories and immediately preached and sold them. When talking about Iceland, he said that some tribes can't make a living in Norway, just like Iceland and Greenland, they live in ice and snow. This sentence is naturally flawed; Norwegians didn't come to Iceland and Greenland because it was difficult to make a living, not to mention; Reykjavik, the capital of Iceland with a concentrated population, is not a world of ice and snow at all, because Reykjavik has a maritime climate, with both Atlantic warm current and extremely rich geothermal resources, so the climate is relatively warm and humid. This statement, in this book, is basically a small problem; Next, the big problem comes.

Then, Yu said with infinite sigh, "settlement is an entrance to civilization. No matter what identity and attitude you have at the beginning, you will be assimilated by local civilization sooner or later." Firmly speaking, there is no room for discussion. I would like to ask, what is the local civilization like when Nordic people enter Iceland and Greenland? How did you assimilate them? In other words, when Spanish colonists entered America, were they also "assimilated by local civilization"? On the other hand, aren't the local Indians civilized? Indian civilization is a native civilization. According to Yu, the American continent should now be dominated by Indian civilization.

Ignorance of history continues. When Iceland was introduced in Chapter 58, The Hermit, more ignorance appeared: "Its history began in the ninth century because of pirates. After it accepted immigrants from Norway,,,,, "this paragraph seems to be a quoted text; But after reading these words, I began to imagine boldly. In the last paragraph, it is said that Norwegians immigrated to Iceland because it is difficult for them to make a living in Norway! After a half-day "cultural investigation" in Iceland, I know nothing about the history of Iceland.

The most common historical understanding about Iceland is that when the Norwegian King "Hairdressing Halad" (860-940) unified Norway by force, many tribal chiefs in northern Norway United against "Hairdressing Halad"; After the failure of the opposition alliance, some chiefs ran to Iceland to live in order to avoid the northern army that hairdressing Halad; Later, some Norwegian chiefs who went to Scotland also returned to Iceland. Therefore, the earliest residents of Iceland sought refuge not because it was difficult to make a living in Norway; Otherwise, it sounds a bit like the 359th Brigade regaining Nanniwan.

Then, Yu said: "Even today's Icelanders can read the ancient Norwegian characters without any difficulty, but the Norwegians themselves can't do it at all." This is the biggest joke about Norwegian. As we all know, the languages of ancient Nordic countries are unified and belong to one of the ancient Germanic languages. It's called Nordic. The so-called Old Norwegian is an "official language" influenced by Danish. Norwegian is very interesting, just like before China's vernacular appeared, written language and spoken language were different. The so-called old Norwegian is actually a written language, Bokm? When people speak, they use a new Norwegian, Ninolsk or Landnorsk language. The problem is that Norwegians use written language most often in the media, literature and official documents. I actually said that "the Norwegians can't do it themselves", which really makes people laugh.

"four"

Besides, Saga. The source of Nordic culture has an interesting feature, that is, in the eyes of ancient Nordic people, the world of God and the world of man are distinct in latitude and longitude. In Greek mythology, there is often a god who owns a dog skin and a kitchen, marries a human and has children; In northern Europe, this is God's intervention in human life. Because of this, the classic works of Nordic culture usually distinguish myth from the legend of heroes clearly. For example, the poetic Eda, the former 14 capital is a myth, and the rest is the legend of heroes. Sagar devoted himself to writing heroic legends.

Yu "inspected" the culture of Northern Europe. If he has any culture, he should know more or less about the two Jiangtian and Sakya. However, in this article with tens of thousands of words, and talking about the history and culture of Northern Europe, Yu made no mention of Nordic mythology, indicating that he didn't understand it at all; Because Yu's characteristic is that whenever he knows something, he will definitely say it; Even in the Viking Ship Museum, I copied some exhibition instructions and even copied the name of the museum wrong, so I was still foaming at the mouth; Make great achievements and make wonderful articles.

Although I don't know what Ada is, the Icelandic ambassador gave me a set of Sakya anthology. This is a very glamorous thing, which moved me. Therefore, in the last few articles of "Traveler Boundless", I took pains to talk about those Sakya books, how to carry them back and forth in my travel bag, how to read them at night and so on. In fact, this set of Sakya anthology is a Chinese translation published by the Commercial Press with the support of the Icelandic Embassy several years ago. Yu read one of them, so he wrote an article "Boundless Passers-by" and the sixty-first article "Niya sagar". In fact, this article is probably written without going to Iceland for an "inspection".

It is said that I have only read one of them, because when I talk about Sakya, I feel a bit like a donkey's lips are not right for a horse's mouth. Yu said, "I know that my thoughts are influenced by Sakya. The pace of life here is slow, and all actions are accompanied by a long wait "; What "suffocating soul collision" and so on. It seems that this Icelandic ambassador's book was given away for nothing, because the stories of Sakya, except Nial Sakya, are more like contemporary Nordic novels, and the others are all the legend of heroes, such as Sakya in Vienna, which tells the story of how Viking explorers arrived in Vienna 500 years before Columbus and discovered America. What does this have to do with "slow pace" and "suffocating"?

"five"

What's more, in chapter 6 1, "Curator of Icelandic Ancient Manuscript Museum,,," there is no such ancient manuscript museum in Iceland. The oldest book in Iceland is a research institute called "Ani". The magnuson Institute commemorates the Icelandic scholar Ani. Magnuson was founded. What Icelandic ancient manuscript museum really doesn't matter. At the end of the same chapter, Borges' only regret is that he didn't come here to have a look. It seems that Yu Qiubi Borges is much more arrogant. In fact, Borges went to Iceland on 1979 and learned Icelandic.

Chapter 60, Shooting Snow into the House, is about the commune parliament in Iceland, Ahldin. Of course, I don't know what a commune council is. But he obviously copied the explanation wrong: "There are thirty-six local leaders attending the parliament." In Iceland, it is difficult to count the number of chiefs who participate in community committees. But it is relatively fixed that in the commune committee, chiefs appoint 36 legal spokespersons, just like the jury. Obviously, when I copied this explanation, I mistook the legal spokesman for a local leader.

In the same chapter, "A group of pirates from northern Europe and their families settled here and took root" is even more absurd. Isn't Iceland a part of northern Europe? In fact, the word Nordic is used to cover the concept of Iceland. Otherwise it should be called Scandinavia. It can be seen that there is no even the most basic concept of Nordic geography.

The last paragraph "There is no temple of God here,,,". From the context, this passage refers not only to the meeting place of the commune parliament, but also to Iceland in general. If so, Yu would certainly not know that there are many temples dedicated to gods in Icelandic history; Even if you just read the Chinese version of Selected Works of Sakya, you can at least know that in many Sakya, the temples of the gods are mentioned. Vazdala Sagar Vatnsd？ La saga's chapter 15 describes such a temple, which is as wide as 100 feet.

In chapter 56, Dilemma Experiment, when talking about Sweden, he wrote: "Sweden, which appeared in front of the world at the beginning of the twentieth century, is already a very rich industrialized power." Another ridiculous conclusion. Sweden's industrialization was not completed until 1950s, because it avoided the war of World War II. Sweden at the beginning of the twentieth century was only an agricultural country. Yu's prose suddenly advanced Sweden's industrialization by half a century!

In chapter 54 of Nordic Fairy Tales, when it comes to Andersen's former residence, "the evidence is that Denmark, which rarely raises its national flag, raised a national flag on that house with a red roof." This is simply sensational; Danes are just one of the countries that like to raise the national flag most in the world. Regarding the Danish religious philosopher Kierkegaard, it is a bit strange to say "/kloc-the most dazzling philosophical constellation in the 9th century,,,". Is Yu Xiansheng an existentialist? If not, Kierkegaard is great, but compared with the "most dazzling" philosophical constellation, then Hegel, Kant and Marx should belong to the relatively dim philosophical constellation, right?

"six"

Having written so many articles in imperial academy, I have basically made clear his ignorance and fallacies about history. Generally speaking, when writing the history of northern Europe, he often asks for war. In fact, the war between Guan Yu and Qin Qiong is not important. The problem is, after the war, I began to extrapolate and even began to express my feelings. This is the most deadly place, at least more deadly than the article of the Hanlin Academy. Because the articles of the Hanlin Academy, at least, are not allowed to express feelings.

Or go back to Viking history. Yu Rangtai, after equating Vikings with pirates, began to connect them historically. One association is that "Norwegians are neither ashamed nor proud of this history of their ancestors", so we should "understand the Norwegian mentality more deeply". This association is entirely based on his illusion of history. Norwegians, including people from other Nordic countries, are very proud of their ancestors, especially this polytheistic history. Therefore, if Mr. Yu can understand the word Viking, Nordic countries are full of things named after Viking, Viking Airlines, Viking Publishing House, Viking Hotel and Viking souvenirs. In this case, it is a bit worrying whether the Norwegians will actually "apologize to the injured country".

As far as the words used by Vikings in northern Europe are concerned, he used many expressions like "redemption", "loyalty", "enlightenment" and even "putting down the butcher's knife and becoming a Buddha". But when Yu was talking, he seemed to forget that if vikings were objects, what were the subjects or subjects of these religious words? If the Vikings were evil representatives, as Yu said, then the Christian church in the Middle Ages was the embodiment of goodness to save them? On the other hand, when Cheng and his descendants' troops have been hitting the Danube; In the eyes of Europeans, they are just a group of robbers. According to Yu's logic, should China also consider "apologizing" to the injured country?

As an intellectual, any article written by Yu Zai has been read by countless people. Rationally speaking, the higher the publicity of Yu Wen, the better the awareness of the whole society, which will be a contribution. But more importantly, it must be true knowledge, not wrong exhibition instructions. That is to say, Yu should not talk about Nordic history without knowing about "Ada" at all, but only read an article about Sakya. This is often the source of a lot of rumors. Speaking of culture, it is often not such a positive image that stands at the source of rumors; Because history itself can best measure the weight of culture.