& lt& lt childhood & gt；; Contents of the book

About the author: Gorky: (1868 ~ 1936) is a proletarian writer in the former Soviet Union and the founder of socialist realistic literature. He was born in poverty and lost his father when he was a child. 1 1 years old, he is running around the society for a living. As a stevedore, a bakery worker, slums and docks became the classrooms of his "social" university. He shared the fate with the working people and personally experienced the cruel exploitation and oppression of capitalism. This had an important influence on his thought and creative development.

Abstract: When Aletha was three years old, he lost his father, and his mother varvara put him in foster care with his grandfather Kashlin. My grandfather lives in the town of Novogo Road, Niger. When my grandfather was young, he was a tracker. Later, he opened a dyehouse and became a small business owner. When Aletha came to his grandfather's house, his grandfather's manor had begun to decline, and his grandfather became more bossy and irritable because of the depression of the manor. Aletha's two uncles, Mikhail and Yakov, kept quarreling and fighting to separate and embezzle Aletha's mother's dowry. In this family, alessa saw the fog of hatred between people, and even the children were poisoned by this atmosphere. As soon as Alisha entered grandpa's house, she disliked him, was afraid of him and felt the hostility in his eyes. One day, out of curiosity, with the encouragement of his cousin, he threw a white tablecloth into the dye vat and dyed it blue. As a result, my grandfather knocked me out and gave birth to a serious illness. From then on, Aletha began to observe the people around him with anxiety, feeling unbearable humiliation and pain for himself and others. His mother abandoned him and left home because she couldn't stand such a life. But in this dirty environment, there is another kind of person, another kind of life. There are optimistic and simple people in Shigang, and Gregory, an upright old worker. Every holiday night, Yakov plays the guitar and plays a touching tune. Grandmother danced folk dances, as if she had regained her youth. All this made Alisha happy and sad. Among these people, my grandmother has the deepest influence on Alisha. My grandmother is kind and just, loves life, and believes that good will always overcome evil. She knows many beautiful folk stories, which sympathize with the poor and the weak and praise justice and light. The god she believes in is also amiable and amiable to people. Grandpa's god, however, doesn't love others, and always finds fault with others and punishes them.

Later, my grandfather moved to Kahnert Street and recruited two tenants. One is a progressive intellectual, nicknamed "good thing". He was the first outstanding person Aletha met, and he left an indelible impression on Aletha. The other is Peter, who disguised himself as a coachman after robbing the church. His cruelty and slave habits aroused Aletha's antipathy.

One morning, my mother suddenly came back, and her change made Alisha feel very sad. At first, she taught alessa to read, but the torture of life gradually made her careless, and she often lost her temper and pulled a long face. Later, when his mother remarried, Aletha lost interest in everything around him and tried to avoid adults and wanted to live alone. In this way, after a summer of thinking, he finally strengthened his strength and confidence.

Mother is unhappy after marriage and is often beaten by her stepfather. Poverty and disease are eroding her beauty. Because she is in a bad mood, she often shows coldness and unfairness to Alisha.

Alisha didn't feel warm at home and was discriminated against and made things difficult at school. Therefore, in Aletha's mind, the emotion of "love" is gradually replaced by hatred of everything. Due to disagreement with her stepfather, Aletha returned to her grandpa's house, and grandpa went bankrupt completely! Their lives are getting harder and harder. In order to make ends meet, Aletha and his neighbor's children teamed up to collect junk and sell it after school. At the same time, I also felt friendship and sympathy. But it also attracted criticism from the school. He finished the third grade with honors and left the classroom of the school forever.

At this time, Alisha's mother died. After he buried his mother, he soon went to the "human world" to make a living.

Analysis and introduction of the main characters in the book;

Second Uncle: (Big Uncle, Little Uncle): Selfish and cruel.

Mother: strong, kind and beautiful.

Alexa Nakakov: An upright teenager, who despises a selfish and greedy person, sympathizes with misfortune and looks forward to a better life.

Kashirin: The image of paternalistic craftsman, fierce and cruel, without affection, mercenary and disloyal.

Grandmother (Aculina Ivanovna): Hard-working, kind, optimistic and intelligent, which embodies the excellent quality of working people.

"Good stuff": profound knowledge

Stepfather: fierce and cruel.

Artistic features:

Childhood is a unique autobiography. Different from most autobiographies, it doesn't take heroes as images to create portraits. It is more like a long and colorful oil painting, which restores a period of life of an era and a family. In this life, there have been many protagonists. Beauty and ugliness stand in front of readers at the same time, impacting their hearts. Childhood, with its unique artistic form, profound ideological content and unique artistic characteristics, occupies an important position in the history of Russian and Soviet literature and even the world literature, and has unparalleled artistic value.

Innovative description method:

"Childhood" uses the method of alternately using children's perspective and adults' perspective to describe in art. The works mainly observe and describe life from children's perspective, making "Childhood" more vivid and full of childlike interest, such as the description of Aletha's father's death:

In a dark hut, my father was lying on the floor under the window. He was dressed in white and stretched himself. His barefoot toes are strangely open, his amiable hands are quietly placed on his chest, and his fingers are bent. His happy eyes are tightly closed, like two round black copper coins, and his kind face is dark, grinning fearfully.

The description in the above paragraph shows the mentality of a 3-year-old boy very truly. Because he is young and doesn't know what death means, he pays attention to things that he thinks are interesting and strange, such as his father's toes opening strangely and grinning uglily.

On the other hand, writers occasionally comment on life from the perspective of adults, which makes the words written by writers more clear and profound, more thoughtful and philosophical.

Language art:

The language of childhood is very lively and the scene description is vivid. For example, the scene description of grandpa's fight:

The two uncles suddenly stood up, reached across the table, shouted at grandpa, bared their teeth like dogs, and trembled all over. Grandfather knocked on the table with a spoon, flushed and crowed like a rooster:

"Tell you all to give me a beating!"

My grandmother's face changed with pain and said:

"Give them all, so that you can be quiet. Divide it! "

"Shut up, you are used to it!" Grandpa shouted, his eyes shining. It is strange that although he is very young, his screams shocked the world.

Although this passage is not long, it writes a messy fighting scene in a hierarchical way, vividly describing everyone's movements, expressions and moods, which makes people feel immersive after reading it.

Unique material selection:

Childhood is based on the writer's own experience, but it is not a simple reproduction of the writer's early life. On the one hand, it truly describes Aletha's growth process, what he saw and heard, and uses a lot of real materials. On the other hand, try our best to dig out the typical materials in life by typical methods and refine them to reflect the essence of life. Therefore, in childhood, characters are no longer simple individuals, but become representatives of a certain kind of people. Grandfather's home is no longer an ordinary family, but a microcosm of the ordinary citizen society created by the heavy labor, patriarchal handicraft production relations and boring life in the old Russian era.

The punch line:

From then on, I observed people with uneasy feelings, as if the skin on my heart had been torn off, so this heart became unbearable sensitive to all humiliation and pain, whether it was my own or others'.

Everyone has only his name, and everyone has the same rights.

Officials are like naughty children. They broke all the laws as soon as they came up.

In the endless working days, sadness is also a program, making a fire is fun, and even a face with nothing is decorated with scars. ...

Resentment is a piece of ice, which melts when heated.

In my opinion, her series of "later" is a ladder, which leaves her and extends deeply to a dark place and a lonely place.

Wonderful paragraph: 1. You came here by boat, and the steam sent you here, but when I was young, I had to teach myself to sail against the current on the Volga River. The boat was walking in the water, and I pulled the optical fiber barefoot on the shore, stepping on the sharp sand, so I pulled it from sunrise to night. After the sun exposure, the skull is oily and the head is like melted pig iron, but it still needs to be pulled. My head is low, my bones rattle, my face is full of sweat, I can't open my eyes, I can't see the road, I want to cry in my heart, and my tears can't stop flowing. Alisha, you know, you can't say anything! I can only bury my head in the fiber and keep walking. Sometimes I slip off the rope and fall down, still gnawing mud in my mouth, exhausted with happiness. I can catch my breath and have a rest after falling down. You see, this is what God saw with his own eyes. What a life people live before the merciful Lord Jesus! ..... In this way, I walked three times along the banks of the mother river Volga: from Simbirsk to Ribinsk; From saratov to here; From astrakhan to Makarev Fair. These three trips are thousands of miles! In the fourth year, I became the foreman on the barge, because I showed my intelligence to my boss!

2008.2. 19