How to distinguish the authenticity of Nanyang jade

The more reliable identification methods are: seeing, listening and testing.

Look, mainly depends on the crystal transparency, real jade has strong transparency and oily luster;

Listen, Zhen Yu's voice is crisp, but her voice is dull;

In the test, the real jade scratched the glass, but the jade itself was intact.

Common fake jade includes plastic, stained glass, marble, electrochromic fake jade made of jade powder and crystal with salt water, imitation jade containing nitrate, etc. And their identification methods are different.

Plastic is lighter than jade, and its hardness is poor, so it is generally easy to identify.

It's easy to distinguish between painting and getting off work. As long as you take it under the light or check it in the sun, you will see many bubbles in the glass.

It is difficult to distinguish fake jade by electric color. Its purpose is to electroplate inferior jade and then coat it with a beautiful emerald appearance, so it is easy to mistake it for real jade. At this time, you need to observe carefully. If there are some small cracks with blue in the green, it is fake jade. Because electroplating will leave cracks, experts call it "spider claws". It is also said that if the electro-colored fake jade is put in hot oil, the electroplating color will fade and return to its original color.

Synthetic jade made of jade powder, crystal and salt water is an imitation dark old pit jade. The identification method is simple, that is, their specific gravity is different. The specific gravity of natural jade is 3.3-3.4, while that of synthetic jade is only 2.8. Weigh by hand, or use a balance to distinguish between true and false.

Jade imitated with nitrate looks whiter and smoother than jade. The ancients said, "Jade is better than salt, so it must be high." That is, white jade should be as advanced as nitrate. It can be seen that nitrate and jade are difficult to distinguish. However, the facts are different after all. As far as color is concerned, white jade is often blue, and white is rare, while nitrate is pure white. As far as jade is concerned, jade is moist and delicate, as fat as cream. Nitrate is wet, but there are thieves in it. White jade is a natural product, and it is difficult to have a unified structure, including jade ribs and jade flowers. If nitrates are manufactured artificially, there is no such appearance. White jade has a solid texture and no bubbles can be found. No matter how well nitrate is treated, bubbles and pores are often exposed. If you know these items, you won't regard nitrate products as jade articles.

Look, mainly depends on the crystal transparency, real jade has strong transparency and oily luster;

Listen, Zhen Yu's voice is crisp, but her voice is dull;

In the test, the real jade scratched the glass, but the jade itself was intact.

Common fake jade includes plastic, stained glass, marble, electrochromic fake jade made of jade powder and crystal with salt water, imitation jade containing nitrate, etc. And their identification methods are different.

Plastic is lighter than jade, and its hardness is poor, so it is generally easy to identify.

It's easy to distinguish between painting and getting off work. As long as you take it under the light or check it in the sun, you will see many bubbles in the glass.

It is difficult to distinguish fake jade by electric color. Its purpose is to electroplate inferior jade and then coat it with a beautiful emerald appearance, so it is easy to mistake it for real jade. At this time, you need to observe carefully. If there are some small cracks with blue in the green, it is fake jade. Because electroplating will leave cracks, experts call it "spider claws". It is also said that if the electro-colored fake jade is put in hot oil, the electroplating color will fade and return to its original color.

Synthetic jade made of jade powder, crystal and salt water is an imitation dark old pit jade. The identification method is simple, that is, their specific gravity is different. The specific gravity of natural jade is 3.3-3.4, while that of synthetic jade is only 2.8. Weigh by hand, or use a balance to distinguish between true and false.

Jade imitated with nitrate looks whiter and smoother than jade. The ancients said, "Jade is better than salt, so it must be high." That is, white jade should be as advanced as nitrate. It can be seen that nitrate and jade are difficult to distinguish. However, the facts are different after all. As far as color is concerned, white jade is often blue, and white is rare, while nitrate is pure white. As far as jade is concerned, jade is moist and delicate, as fat as cream. Nitrate is wet, but there are thieves in it. White jade is a natural product, and it is difficult to have a unified structure, including jade ribs and jade flowers. If nitrates are manufactured artificially, there is no such appearance. White jade has a solid texture and no bubbles can be found. No matter how well nitrate is treated, bubbles and pores are often exposed. If you know these items, you won't regard nitrate products as jade articles.

Judging from the quality of jade materials

Jade tablets of Hehe Erxian in Qing Dynasty

(1) Be moist, not rough and translucent; (2) hardness. Today, the hardness requirement of jade is 6.5, such as Hetian jade. Because the tools used to make jade articles in different periods are different, the hardness of jade articles is also different, because jade articles also have a popular definition-"stones that cannot be carved". Therefore, it can be said that according to this definition, the word "jade carving" is inaccurate. What can be "carved" is stone, and it should be called "cutting jade" and "grinding jade" accurately. The hardness of ancient jade is 4.5-6. For example, serpentine distributed all over the country (for example, the hardness of xiuyan jade in Liaoning Province is around 4.5) once existed as jade material for a long time in primitive times and bronze age. With the birth of iron in the Han Dynasty, the requirement for the hardness of jade was improved. At this time, varieties with hardness above 6 are needed to make jade materials, and Hetian jade has therefore become an enduring jade species for more than 2,000 years. (3) The specific gravity needs to reach 3-3.5, and there is a feeling of falling hands. (4) As jade, there can only be five colors, namely white, blue, yellow, blue and ink. The purer the color, the better. Those transparent, blue, red and so on can't be called jade, even if the specific gravity is large enough and the hardness is high enough, they are not jade. (5) Jade material must be natural ore. Since the Warring States Period, glass has been used as jade. Nowadays, it is often passed off as low-priced foreign similar Hetian jade materials (Russia, South Korea, Canada, etc. ) or synthetic materials. Discrimination of jade color

(1) The color of the jade itself (the five colors mentioned above). (2) Due to geological movement, jade rolled from the mountain into the river, and its skin color was soaked for thousands or even tens of thousands of years. Hetian jade has the best quality after rolling, not only because of the moistening effect of Kunlun Mountain on jade, but also because of the long-term immersion of river water. When dry, I like to use jade with preserved skin color to make small utensils (mountain jade is often used to make large utensils). In addition to the Qianlong period, in history, the Han Dynasty deliberately chose to keep a part of the skin color to prove that it was jade. Later dynasties such as Liao, Song, Xia, Jin and Yuan all chose to keep part of the skin color of jade articles, so it can be judged that if the jade articles of other dynasties keep the skin color, they may be imitations. (3) Four or five hundred years ago, jade articles generally had the color of erosion, which was called "Qin color". Take Hetian jade as an example, natural streaks (there are impurity cracks in the middle of jade, which belong to material defects) and parts that have been bad when carving jade (or damaged in use) are easy to change color in the tomb. (4) Color caused by human factors. There are two situations. One is the ritual of burning individual tombs in primitive society (there are also natural fires), such as jade articles of Liangzhu culture. The other is to artificially remove the dark color of antique jade by steaming, frying, boiling, baking and pickling. According to the literature, there are even cases where new jade is stuffed into the stomach of sheep, buried underground for several years, and then taken out with blood for a long time to imitate "blood jade". Today, some people imitate it, coating it with glue and slowly baking it in the microwave oven at low temperature. Man-made old things can be distinguished, and the color is generally thick and easy to fade. For example, jade cooked with water, alkali, sulfuric acid, etc. Small pits are often left, and unnatural cracks will appear when cooking. Trace back technical traces

People often use tools such as metal and emery (also known as jade removal sand) to puncture and carve jade articles, and in ancient times, they also used tools such as beef tendon. The holes and lines in jade often leave traces of historical production. For example, before the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, because the hole-turning tools were soft, they were often imported bellmouth with big belly and small body, and the earlier the age, the more obvious the bellmouth was. At this point, the trace (effect) of modern imitation is different from the original process. Jade articles after the Warring States Period generally only see vertical holes with the same diameter. As for the lines, the lines on Liangzhu jade are often scraped with hard objects, which are relatively thin and have paths at the bottom of the ditch; The grain of Hongshan jade is probably ground with beef tendon and sand, and the grain is relatively thick; Since the Xia dynasty, people have used metal weights to grind. The groove bottom of the line is smooth and radian, with thin and shallow ends and thick and deep middle. Observing with a magnifying glass, we can find that the long lines are not straight, and there are traces of heavy objects in the middle. This is also the key point of identification. Determine the age through the modeling of jade articles

Every dynasty has its own style of the times, and often we can judge the age of an object from its modeling characteristics. Whether it is bronze, porcelain, wood or jade. , is the same. Looking at the age from the decorative patterns of jade articles

The differences of animal patterns, plant patterns and figure patterns on jade can reflect the characteristics of different times, especially the figure patterns are the most complex, involving many detailed features such as face, hairstyle, clothing and posture. It is very difficult to identify "plain" jade articles (such as bracelets). If porcelain without money can be analyzed by kiln site, tire soil and glaze color, it is more difficult to identify plain jade, and its age can only be preliminarily judged by erosion depth and material. Analyze according to the comprehensive data.

In addition to the above five requirements, we need to combine historical documents and archaeological materials with other knowledge to supplement our understanding of jade identification, which requires long-term accumulation and precipitation, not overnight. Just like the strategy of "the countryside surrounds the city", we move closer to the center bit by bit and finally get the truth. The final appraisal of a jade article can only be established after the five key points of material, color, technology, modeling and decoration are unified, provided that comprehensive theory and knowledge are mastered.