Is Ta 'er Temple fun? Notes on Ta 'er Temple Tourism

Ta 'er Temple, located in Xining City, Qinghai Province, is a part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. It is one of the important holy places of Tibetan Buddhism with a long history. The Buddhist culture here is very prosperous and full of cultural flavor, which is suitable for people who cultivate themselves. The following are the matters needing attention when traveling to Ta 'er Temple.

After dinner, men still talk about women and anecdotes about dealing with all kinds of beautiful women in business, which is also the best way to kill time.

Speaking of self-study in the evening, Mei's boyfriend called and Mei asked me to answer the phone. He warmly invited Mei and me to Yushu, and promised to provide first-class food and warm hospitality. May wants to go and ask my opinion. I thought about it for a moment, and I think it should be okay to go in. If it snows when I come out, it will be dangerous to drive, so I decided to go again in summer and autumn.

the next day, I woke up naturally. First, I read a book. Today's task is very light, have a rest, and then go to Ta 'er Temple. It is not too far from Xining. After breakfast, I took a taxi to the place that May told me. There is a shuttle bus in the tourist season, and now it is the off-season. The shuttle bus has stopped, so we can take a taxi at a fixed location.

I am the third person to get on the bus. There is already one person sitting in the co-pilot seat and another person sitting in the back seat of the driver. I sat in the middle of the back row, and finally there came a tall, strong and slightly older man. I suggest that the young man (thinner) sitting in the co-pilot seat give his seat to this uncle. The young man readily agreed, the uncle thanked him, and then sat in the front, the young man sat next to me, and the driver set off.

My uncle knew from my costume and accent that I was traveling, and learned the general travel process from me. When he learned that I was going to Tibet, he talked about going to Tibet by bike when I was young. Moreover, he also wrote a book about it, which is really extraordinary and courageous!

The young man sitting on my left is the chef of the restaurant. This time, he went home to see his parents.

The young man sitting on my right performed Tibetan songs and dances in a famous hotel in Xining and introduced me to the hotel. I think one day I can have dinner with Mei and watch a song and dance performance.

With that, I feel I'm going to Ta 'er Temple soon. Uncle asked the driver to stop by the road for a while. I still don't know what uncle is doing. After waiting for a while, my uncle rushed up with a book in his hand and sent it to me. I accepted it with joy and said, thank you very much. Please read it! My uncle said to me, "I hope this book will be helpful to your trip to Tibet." Goodbye, uncle, be grateful!

We will arrive at Ta 'er Temple soon. The Ta 'er Temple itself is open and there is no need to buy a ticket, but if you want to enter a special temple, you need to buy another ticket.

The origin of Ta 'er Temple

must start with Zong Kaba, the founder of Gelug Sect (Yellow Sect) of Tibetan Buddhism. According to legend, Zong Kaba was born in Zongka (now Taer Temple in Huangzhong County, Qinghai Province) on October 1th, 1357, so people called him "Zong Kaba".

Zong Kaba has been very clever since he was a child. He entered Xia Zongmiao at the age of 3 and was warned by recent events. At the age of seven, he entered Xiaqiong Temple and was taught Buddhist precepts, where he studied with Duan Zhiren, a monk, for nine years. At the age of 16, he left Xiaqiong Temple to study Buddhism on foot, then went to Houzang, visited famous monasteries of various schools, visited famous monks and teachers, and diligently practiced the Dharma. At the age of 29, he acquired the Buddhist precepts in Nanjialekang Temple in Yalong River area.

at the age of p>34, he had a deep understanding of Buddhism's esoteric teachings and initiation methods, and lectured on scriptures and teachings everywhere, and his position in Buddhism and even in society was constantly improving.

In 141 and 146, he wrote The Broadest Theory of Bodhi Daoism and The Broadest Theory of Tantric Daoism, which laid a theoretical and ideological foundation for him to establish the Gelug Sect. He wrote more than 17 books in his life.

Zong Kaba left home to study Buddhism in Tibet for many years, and her mother, Shanza Acheser, eagerly sent a bunch of her own white hair, telling him that her old mother was already white-haired and hoped that he would come back.

Determined not to return to Buddhism in Zong Kaba, he sent his mother and sister a self-portrait painted with their nosebleeds and a lion's roar Buddha statue, and wrote in the letter: "If I can build a pagoda with 1, lion's roar Buddha statues and bodhi trees as fetuses in my birthplace, it will be the same as when I met."

In p>379, according to Zong Kaba's last wish, her mother and followers built a lotus gathering tower with stones, which was the earliest building in Ta 'er Temple. In 1577, the Amin-style Buddhist temple in China was built next to this pagoda, called Maitreya Hall. Because there are towers before temples, the Han people in Amdo area are collectively called Ta 'er Temple.

Ta 'er Temple is named after the pagoda and then the temple. Ta 'er Temple is a middle school in Qinghai Province.

the northwest Buddhist center, a sacred place of the Yellow Sect, is mainly located on the hillside on both sides of the first ditch of Lianhua Mountain. There are more than 9,3 buildings (seats) such as Dajinwa Temple, Dajingtang, Maitreya Hall, Jiujian Temple, Huasi Temple, Xiaojinwa Temple, Zhubazhachang, Dinkzakang, Mambazhang, Dalalang, Kitchen and Ruyi Tower.

There are nine halls in Ta 'er Temple, such as Dajinwa Temple, Xiaojinwa Temple, Flower Temple, Dala Ruyi Pagoda, Taiping Pagoda, Bodhi Pagoda and Gatehouse. There are more than 1, courtyards and more than 4,5 temples, which are large in scale. The palace, Buddhist temple, study, bedroom, bound building and courtyard where the Lama lives complement each other, and have been the center of Yellow Religion and the holy land of Buddhism since ancient times.

The buildings in the temple cover the Han Palace and Tibetan flat-topped styles, and skillfully combine the Han-style three-eaves Xieshan Temple with the clever whip wall under the Tibetan eaves, the Sanskrit mantra in the middle and the bronze mirror brick at the bottom, thus forming a harmonious and perfect architectural complex with Chinese and Tibetan artistic styles.

Ta 'er Temple is not only the holy place of Lamaism in China, but also one of the institutions of higher learning that have trained a large number of Tibetan intellectuals. There are four schools in the temple: Xianzong, Tantric, Astronomy and Medicine.

The pagodas and halls of Er Temple are patchwork, complement each other and are magnificent.

Since Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, the imperial court has given gifts to Ta 'er Temple many times, including plaques, utensils, Buddha statues, scriptures and stupas. The living Buddha systems in temples, such as Aga, Saichi, Lako, Seduo, Shan Sa, Sina and Chaxi, were named Hutuktu or Nomenkan Khan in Qing Dynasty. Among them, Aga, Saichi and Lako are Hutuktu in Beijing, and some have worked as handprint lamas in Yonghe Palace in Beijing and Wutai Mountain in Shanxi.

For these special reasons, Ta 'er Temple has developed rapidly and become one of the six major monasteries of Gelug Sect of Tibetan Buddhism. There are more than 9,3 buildings in Ta 'er Temple, covering an area of more than 6 mu, with 25 halls. At the peak, there were more than 3,6 monks, and there were still 1,983 in the early days of liberation.

Due to the accumulation of history, the temple is extremely rich in cultural relics, and its architecture, utensils, Buddha statues and literature collections make it a treasure house of art. There are four colleges in the temple, namely, Xianzong, Tantric, Shilun, Yiming and Qianbazacang, which have studied Buddhism and Tibetan, writing, astronomy, calendar, medicine, dance, sculpture, painting and architecture for seven years (AD 18).

The temple held four large-scale Buddhist ceremonies in the first month, April, June and September of the lunar calendar, which were called "Four Classics". By then, people from all over the world will gather together on a grand scale. In addition, in the late October of the lunar calendar, there is the "Five Lights Festival" to commemorate Zong Kaba's death, and the year-end activities to send athel Loren.

Ta 'er Temple originally had a complete administrative and religious organization system. The highest authority of its administrative organization is the All Monks' Economic Council, presided over by the General Law Department, and composed of Gaer Conference and Dagiwa. Gaer Conference is the standing committee of Buddhist scriptures of all monks, which is composed of Tathagata, Grand Jacky, Grand Monk and Gamba of six ethnic groups.

Daji is the executive body of Gark Conf.

The head of religious organizations is still the General Legal Department, with a general director and monk officials in charge of four colleges. Each college has its own Kampo, and Kampo has its own gegui (monk official) and monk head. Now the prime minister of the temple management committee is in charge of the whole temple. At present, there are more than 8 monks in the temple (including 11 living buddhas, mainly Aga, Quezang, Seduo, Quexi, Jiaya, Mina, Tashi, Benbule and Yangjia). And 63 people from Wande)

There are collections in the pagoda temple

There are a large number of gold-plated bronze Buddha statues, gold and silver lanterns, golden books, Jin Dian, wooden scriptures, documents, pagodas, imperial plaques, murals, pile embroidery and other cultural relics. Among them, murals, pile embroidery and ghee carving are known as the three wonders of Ta 'er Temple. Murals are mostly painted on cloth curtains with mineral pigments, and the contents are mainly scriptures, time machines, Buddha statues and so on. Embroidery is a pile of silks, satins, sheepskin and cotton cloth of various colors. Patterns such as buddhas, bodhisattvas, heavenly kings, arhats, venerable persons, flowers, birds and animals are formed on the cloth curtain.

Sunburn Festival

On the morning of "sunbathing Buddha", the monks in Ta 'er Temple will concentrate on all kinds of preparations before "sunbathing Buddha", then carry the giant Buddha statue to the top of the mountain along the mountain road next to the temple, and then spread the giant Buddha statue (Datang brand) from the hillside to the foot of the mountain. At this time, the huge Buddha statue will be displayed in front of thousands of people who come to visit.

After "sunbathing Buddha", there will be a dance in the square in Ta 'er Temple. Lamas wear masks and dance various religious dances. While dancing, lamas also recite Buddhist scriptures, pray and perform Tibetan opera, which is the annual stage for performing religious art in temples.

In fact, the Buddha statue is a special brand of the Tang Dynasty and a rare treasure in scroll painting. On the day of the Buddha exhibition, the first ray of sunshine in the east shines on the earth, which is the best time for the Buddha to unfold, so the Buddha exhibition is also called sunbathing. Sun Buddha is held twice a year in April and June of the lunar calendar to commemorate the birth of Sakyamuni, Awakening, Nirvana and Maitreya, as well as the birth of Zong Kaba and Nirvana.

Three wonders of art

Butter sculptures, murals and pile embroidery in Ta 'er Temple are known as "three wonders of art".

murals

murals are paintings on the walls of various temples. Most of them are painted on cloth curtains, and some mural pigments painted directly on walls and beams are made of stone minerals, with bright and lasting colors. The mural style belongs to the religious painting department of Lamaism, which has a strong Indian and Tibetan flavor. Most murals are based on Buddhist scriptures, Buddhist scriptures, Buddhist scriptures, Buddhist scriptures, Buddhist scriptures, Buddhist scriptures, Buddhist scriptures, Buddhist scriptures, Buddhist scriptures, Buddhist scriptures, Buddhist scriptures and Buddhist scriptures.

Flowers sewn on a piece of silk or cloth and satin patterns with padding

Pile embroidery is one of the original Tibetan art varieties in Ta 'er Temple. Cut silks and satins of various colors into various shapes, such as Buddha statues, figures, flowers, birds and animals, etc. Enriched with wool or cotton, then embroidered on the curtain. Because there is a protrusion in the middle, it has obvious three-dimensional effect. Piles of "Eighteen Arhats" and other embroidered works of art are hung in the Grand Sutra Hall of this temple. Embroidery includes embroidery and velvet cutting, and most of its contents and themes come from Buddhist stories and religious life. It is a traditional art created by temples and a masterpiece of monks' art.

colorful butter pattern

ghee is a creamy food eaten by Tibetan herdsmen in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and it is a yellow-white oily substance produced by repeated stirring of milk. This kind of grease is solidified, soft, clean and highly plastic.

Butter sculpture is a unique sculpture art of Tibetans. It is made of white and delicate ghee as raw material and mixed with various mineral pigments. It is exquisite in shape, fresh in color and full of auspicious and festive visual effects. Tibetan compatriots are convinced that all buddhas, bodhisattvas and protectors who sincerely love to provide butter sculptures will surely overcome disasters and achieve happiness and great blessings. And quickly achieved the three monks and three bodhisattvas of Apdoro.

It is said that butter sculpture originated in Tibet. When Princess Tang Wencheng married King Songzan Gampo of Tufan, she had a complete set of institutions and scientific procedures for making butter sculptures in Ta 'er Temple. There are two institutions specializing in butter sculpture in the temple, one is called Jiezong Zengzha, and the other is called Gongmangzengzha, commonly known as "going to the garden" and "going to the garden". The two gardens compete with each other.

There are about 2 artistic monks in each hospital. These artistic monks are usually admitted to the hospital at the age of fifteen or sixteen, and they are engaged in art all their lives. The director (known as' Zhang Chi') presided over the upper and lower flower beds respectively, and decided the theme, composition and production division of the butter sculpture.

The art of butter sculpture inherits the characteristics of' precision',' complexity' and' cleverness' of Tibetan Buddhist art. Its design and production have been handed down from master to apprentice since ancient times, and they are generally carefully made in a closed environment.

Because the two flower gardens kept each other's disciplines and production techniques secret and blocked the news, they have formed certain independent schools for a long time. They develop in the competition, and every year they show their achievements with a new look and new skills. At present, the main inheritors of butter sculpture in Ta 'er Temple are Zhaxi Nima, Luozang Dragon Ball, Kalsang Gyal Cuo, Jiayang Xiere, and Zhihua Ruozi.

butter sculpture has a long production cycle and complicated technology. It takes three months from preparation (October in Tibetan calendar) to official exhibition (January 15th). In order to make ghee smooth, delicate and easy to operate, you must first soak ghee in ice water, repeatedly rub, knead and remove impurities to increase toughness and knead it into paste for later use.

Before shaping an oil sculpture monk, you should take a bath and make a wish, and perform religious ceremonies. After the ceremony, Lama Zhang Chi and other monks discussed the theme of butter sculpture, then designed sketches, carefully conceived, planned and arranged them, and then assigned them to masters who were good at figures, animals, flowers and architecture to lead their disciples to start working alone in a cool room with the temperature below zero.

firstly, according to the content of the proposed theme, the basic skeleton is carefully bound, and the' skeleton' with different shapes is made of soft leather bundles, hemp ropes, bamboo sticks and other things, that is, the basic model.

second, shape. The first raw material for molding is to mix the old butter sculpture removed last year with wheat straw ash, smash it into hard and elastic black special-shaped mud with a stick, and use this black mud to shape the skeleton into different shapes. Its molding method is similar to dough or clay sculpture. After the basic modeling is completed, the shape, size and overall structural proportion of the modeling must be modified and approved by the ruler Lama before it can be finalized. The second raw material is to knead all kinds of mineral pigments into cream butter, blend them into colorful oil plastic raw materials, carefully apply them to the finished product modeling, apply them to the face, draw eyebrows, carve flowers and cores, and decorate some features with gold, silver and halo dyes.

finally, according to the general requirements of the design, the molded ghee sculptures are installed with iron wires one by one, that is, they are fixed on several large wooden boards or specially-made pots, with high and low levels and pieces hanging in the air, to create shapes of different sizes, ranging from pavilions, bodhisattvas, King Kong to flowers, birds, insects and fish as small as three to five centimeters, and become a complete, realistic and lifelike three-dimensional picture.

The finished drawing of butter sculpture should have a slope of about 2 degrees forward. First, it is convenient for the viewer to look up slightly to see the panorama. Second, I am afraid that the butter sculpture will melt from top to bottom, and the melted liquid above will make the following shape. Generally speaking, due to the influence of temperature, the finished butter sculpture will be rebuilt every one or two years.

Because the melting point of butter sculpture is very low, it will deform at 15 degrees and melt at about 25 degrees. In order to prevent the influence of body temperature on ghee sculpture, monks should soak their hands in biting snow before kneading. In order to prevent their hands from getting warm, they must soak in ice water and catch ice from time to time to keep their fingers cold. Therefore, every monk suffers from different degrees of arthropathy and even disability.

without devotion to Buddhism and persistence in religious art, it is very difficult to do it. Year after year, butter sculptures in the dark gre

are called' flowers', but they have diverse themes and rich contents. It is mainly composed of various storylines, such as Buddha, civil officials and military commanders, birds and beasts, flowers and birds, fish and insects, bonsai of trees, flowers and plants, pavilions, etc. Simple and flexible, large-scale scattered perspective, local focus perspective, clever use of three-dimensional sense, forming