What are the problems in hotel energy management in China at present?

Since the 1973 oil crisis, the energy consumption cost of the hotel industry in the world has been on the rise for two main reasons: first, the energy price has risen sharply; Second, the hotel's energy-using equipment has increased significantly. The survey shows that the average energy consumption (electricity, coal, oil, gas, water, etc. ) has accounted for about 20% of the total revenue, which greatly exceeds the standard of 6%-8% of the operating income predicted by the feasibility study of hotel construction at present, and is twice the average energy consumption of international star hotels accounting for 5.5%-6.6% of the operating income. This shows that the energy management level of China's hotel industry is still very low, and there is great potential for energy saving and consumption reduction.

1. Market awareness

For many years, there has been an idea of pursuing "high", "big" and "complete" in the development of hotels in China, that is, pursuing high-grade and high-star buildings, pursuing large space and pursuing complete facilities. Historically, due to the lack of high-end hotels in the early days of reform and opening up, it is reasonable and necessary to build some high-end hotels. However, some hotel builders believe that if they enter an advanced level, it means high prices; It is a misunderstanding that high prices will bring high income. In fact, "high", "large" and "complete" also mean high cost and high energy consumption. If the demand is insufficient, it will inevitably lead to the waste of energy and the decline of economic benefits. "High", "large" and "complete" do not mean high profits. At present, it is quite common that the supply of high-end hotels in China exceeds the demand. In Guangzhou, high-star hotels have cut prices to promote sales, but their inherent asset depreciation and energy consumption can not be reduced accordingly, resulting in a large decline in profits. In addition to high-star hotels, during the investigation, we also found that some middle and low-grade hotels plan their facilities and equipment configuration based on the evaluation criteria of star hotels rather than market demand, and some blindly plan their facilities or build some facilities and equipment beyond the standard with the so-called meeting customer needs and creating quality services or special services as the starting point. Both of these tendencies have caused the low utilization rate of some hotel facilities, but the energy consumption is relatively high to maintain their normal operation.

Experience and lessons tell us that in the stage of hotel planning and construction, we must establish market awareness of energy management. Through in-depth market research and detailed market analysis, select the target market with certain scale, certain growth, certain profit potential and competitive advantage. Then choose the address, scale, grade, type, building structure, service facilities combination and equipment according to the target market demand, and resolutely avoid blindly pursuing high, large and comprehensive.

2. Building energy-saving awareness

Building energy conservation has a very long history. People have simple knowledge of energy conservation for thousands of years, such as sitting facing south, enjoying the energy given by nature dominated by sunlight as much as possible, and resisting the energy loss brought by nature to buildings. However, for a long time, the development of building energy-saving theory and practice is very slow. It is still a matter of recent decades to study building energy efficiency comprehensively and systematically. This is due to the increasingly prominent contradiction between world energy supply and demand. Building energy consumption has always been the highest share of the whole society, so it has been highly valued by governments and relevant experts and scholars. Thermal physics, architecture and new building materials science all take building energy conservation as an important research direction and have achieved fruitful results. For example, related building thermophysics has conducted a comprehensive and in-depth study on indoor heat exchange (heat conduction and humidity conditions of enclosure structures such as radiation, convection and air infiltration), thermal conditions of rooms in different seasons, and microclimate regulation system of buildings. Under the guidance of theoretical research, a series of effective energy-saving technologies have been developed in building structure, spatial structure, building materials and building air conditioning system. Hotel owners and operators must have the awareness of building energy conservation, study as much basic knowledge as possible, and understand the widely popularized and effective technologies and measures, so as to conduct all-round guidance, supervision, inspection and inspection on the planning and construction of hotel buildings.

3. Energy-saving awareness of equipment

Compared with building energy saving, hotel managers generally have a stronger awareness of equipment energy saving, but when choosing brands and models of specific equipment types, they are often limited to paying attention to their energy saving, ignoring the selection and combination design of different types of equipment with greater energy saving potential. For example, the choice of refrigeration equipment, is to choose piston, centrifugal, screw or absorption? Is it enough to buy a large refrigeration unit to meet the demand of refrigeration peak, or is it better to buy a medium-sized unit plus a small unit and control its joint operation according to the change of refrigeration peak? These decisions have a great impact on energy consumption. Therefore, when the hotel is newly built, rebuilt, expanded or upgraded, we should re-examine the positioning of high-energy products such as heating, ventilation, air conditioning, elevators, laundry, lighting and kitchen equipment from the perspective of grade and target market demand. Low energy consumption operating equipment and office equipment, such as vacuum cleaners, shredders, electric irons, computers, etc. , should also be carefully selected, and energy consumption as one of the selection indicators, in order to enhance the awareness of equipment energy saving in the planning and construction stage.

Cultivate consciousness

The development consciousness of energy management requires us to make energy management decisions not only from the hotel's operating needs for several years or even longer, but from the whole life cycle of the hotel. Therefore, it is necessary to make a good prediction, and make a detailed analysis of the macro environment, micro environment, changing trend of market demand and development trend of energy science research, as well as the upgrading and technical transformation of buildings, equipment and networks during the operation period. Energy management planning is carried out from the perspective of development and life cycle theory. For example, for the increase of hotel energy-using equipment in the future, thick cables should be designed and selected in advance; Choose small equipment first, but reserve a large installation space for purchasing and installing large equipment after the hotel develops in the future. The establishment of development consciousness can make us think ahead and make decisions in advance, and minimize the huge waste of supporting projects. In short, the goal of energy management is to minimize the energy consumption and supporting renovation project costs of hotels throughout their life cycle.