Queen Victoria's growth in England,

Alexandrina Victoria, Queen of Victoria (born on1865438+May 24th, 2009-died on 190 1 year 65438+1October 22nd).

Feminine charm, brilliant generation.

The longest-serving monarch in British history has been in power for 63 years. Queen Victoria was the first British monarch to be called "Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland" and "Queen of India". Her 63-year reign (65438+0837-190165438+122 October) was the most powerful so-called "imperial empire" in Britain, and she ruled until her death, when the First World War began (19

Queen Victoria, daughter of Edward, Duke of Kent. He ascended the throne on 1837 at the age of eighteen. At the beginning of her reign, she took an active part in politics, cooperated with the Prime Minister, Vicomte W Ram of Melbourne (1779 ~ 1848), and was inclined to the Whigs, which was incompatible with the Tories. After 1846, the Queen and her husband Prince Albert resolutely opposed the foreign policy of Foreign Secretary H.J. palmerston, forcing palmerston to resign. In the later period of his administration, he turned to the Conservative Party and became close friends with Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli, actively supporting his colonial aggression policy.

Victoria became queen of India in 1876. 188 1 year, after the death of Prime Minister disraeli, he began to trust Salisbury and Chamberlain. 1887 and 1897, the United Kingdom held grand ceremonies to celebrate the 50th and 60th anniversary of the Queen's accession to the throne, and took this opportunity to convene representatives from various imperial territories in London to hold an imperial colonial conference, apply for the honor of the Queen, and consolidate the rule and internal collusion of the British Empire. In the Victorian era, Britain changed from an ordinary European country to a powerful empire.

Childhood and family

Victoria's father is Edward, Duke of Kent (the fourth son of King George III), and her mother is Princess Victoria of Saxony-Coburg-Salfeld, Germany. 18 19 Victoria was born in Kensington Palace, London. At that time, her parents made a special trip back to England from Bavaria, Germany, so that their children could be born in London. Her parents tried their best to name her, and finally named her Queen Victoria, one to show their respect for the child's Russian godfather Alexander I, and the other to commemorate her mother.

When Victoria was a baby, her father caught a cold after a hunting and died soon after, when Victoria was only eight months old. Victoria grew up in her mother's German environment, and was educated under the supervision of her uncle Leopold I (later king of Belgium) in her early years, and was influenced by restrictive thoughts for a long time. 1837, her uncle William IV, King of the British Empire and King of Hanover, died at the age of 18. Victoria immediately ascended the throne and became queen. At the same time, she gave the throne of Hanover to her uncle, and Hanover no longer belongs to Britain.

Queen Victoria married her cousin, Prince Albert of Saxony-Coburg-Gotha (a German prince), and Victoria Bi had nine children. However, due to inbreeding, three out of four Wang Zizhong are hemophiliacs. Fortunately, all five princesses are healthy and beautiful, but they are also hemophiliacs. The consequence of their marriage with the European royal family is to spread this terrible disease among the European royal families.

Queen Victoria doesn't like children. "Before they grow up," she said, "they are all ugly." Victoria is particularly disgusted with her eldest son, Prince Edward of Wales. Mother persecutes her son everywhere, but Edward is patient everywhere. Later, Victoria almost prevented the Prince of Wales from participating in government affairs, but Edward's trip to Europe and America was a great success and became a recognized political star in all countries.

Many descendants of Queen Victoria married members of the royal family in European countries. The eldest daughter Victoria became the queen of Frederick III of Germany. One of her grandchildren is German Emperor William II who initiated the First World War, and the other granddaughter is the Greek Queen. The second child was King Edward VII of England who later succeeded to the throne, and one of her granddaughters was the queen of King Haakon VII of Norway. Alice, the third child, became the princess of Prince Louis IV in Hesse, southwest Germany. One of her granddaughters is the queen of the last Russian Tsar Nicholas II, and the other granddaughter is the grandmother of Prince Philip, the husband of Queen Elizabeth II. The other three daughters, two of whom are Princess Baden-Powell in southern Germany and Prince Schleswig-Holstein in northern Germany. The other married the Duke of Scotland and later became the Governor-General of Canada. The sons all married princesses and princesses from Denmark, Russia and Germany. For this reason, Queen Victoria once became the "grandmother of Europe" before her death in 190 1. When Victoria died, there was a family photo with relatives of these famous grandchildren. I didn't expect the practice of World War I to be carried out between these relatives.

Queen Victoria and the Opium War

1837 When Queen Victoria ascended the throne, Britain had already realized the capitalist industrial revolution. In order to meet the country's requirements of finding raw materials and selling markets, Britain began to thank the world for establishing colonies and dominions. The British occupation of New Zealand from 65438 to 0840 marked the formation of British colonial system in the world.

Britain's ambition for China has a long history. The trade between Britain and China began with tea and silk trade. However, these goods are luxury goods in the British market, and China's self-reliant economic system makes the products of the British industrial revolution useless. In order to reverse the trade deficit with China, British businessmen began to promote opium with the support of the British government. 1839, Lin zexu destroyed opium in Humen, which dealt a great blow to the British government's sales promotion policy. /kloc-at the beginning of 0/840, Queen Victoria made a famous speech in Parliament, shouting "For the benefit of the British Empire" and launched a campaign against China. The first opium war began.

Iron fist rule and unprecedented prosperity

The Victorian period was the most glorious period for the British Empire to expand its territory overseas. In order to expand the territory, the queen spared no effort. And this is exactly what she learned from her husband: conspiracy, acquisition, power, preemptive strike, military capture. 1857, the competition between Britain and France for the dominance of the Suez Canal reached a feverish level. However, an elaborate plot made Britain gain the controlling right of Suez Canal, and France had to give in. The following year, India was added to the British colony, and it was a jewel in the crown of the British Empire. Britain also made Russia's success in the battle with Turkey from 1877 to 1878 more or less go up in smoke. At that time, the Russian army was only one step away from Istanbul, and Russia and Turkey signed an agreement to transfer some land in the Balkans to Russia. However, Victoria didn't expect to see Russian forces penetrate into the Balkans. She used military and diplomatic pressure to make Russia make concessions.

During the reign of Queen Victoria, the British economy developed rapidly and prospered from time to time. When the Queen ascended the throne, there were only a few railways in Britain, but when she died, Britain already had a prosperous railway network connecting major cities. In order to show Britain's prosperity and strength, the first World Expo was unveiled in London in 185 1 and became a world event at that time. In terms of civilization and science, the world-famous British writer Charles Dickens and the British naturalist charles robert darwin were both the most important figures in the Victorian era. Because of the development of economy and industry from time to time, Victorian Britons gradually enjoyed the convenience of life brought by scientific and technological progress. The sewage system in London and the incandescent lamps on the streets of London were both completed during the reign of Queen Victoria. 189 1, that is, ten years before the Queen's death, Britain once implemented free education for all children.

Although Victorian Britain was a constitutional monarchy, Queen Victoria still had great influence on ministers. During her reign, the British empire expanded extremely and reached unprecedented prosperity. The Opium War, which deeply influenced China's history, also broke out shortly after she acceded to the throne. Today, many rivers, lakes, deserts, waterfalls, cities, ports, streets, parks, schools and buildings in the world are named after Victoria, including Victoria in Australia, Victoria City in Canada, Victoria Memorial Hall in Singapore, Victoria Harbour in Hong Kong, Victoria Park in Hong Kong, Victoria, the capital of Seychelles, and Lake Victoria, the largest lake in Africa.

Career for the aged

Queen Victoria and her husband Prince Albert had a good relationship, but in 186 1 year, the prince died in the middle age of the Queen. At this time, Queen Victoria was widely respected by the British, and ministers began to ask her opinions automatically. However, her husband's death made the queen very unhappy. She lived in seclusion in London for a long time. Even when she appears in public, she doesn't wear a crown and always dresses up as a widow. As Victoria lived in seclusion for a long time, it was impossible for the Prime Minister to ask the Queen for instructions in everything, so the power of the Prime Minister gradually increased, making the British constitutional monarchy more perfect.

Queen Victoria lived in seclusion for a long time and became active again in the late1870s. 1897 celebrated the 60th anniversary of the Queen's accession to the throne, which greatly enhanced the authority of the Queen and the royal family.

1900 65438+In February, Queen Victoria was in poor health, but she still insisted on going to the Isle of Wight, a place that she and her dead husband Albert liked. Many years ago, on this island, they were surrounded by lovely children. In this quiet place, the queen wrote a will and wrote down the details of her funeral. She ordered her to wear a white dress after she died. 190165438+1On October 22nd, Queen Victoria died in the Isle of Wight at the age of 82.

Historical evaluation

Queen Victoria's name symbolizes a period. During the Victorian period, British nationals colluded unprecedentedly, and Britain became a powerful empire, which developed from time to time. This is the best legacy left by the Queen to the British, and it is also the most powerful assessment of her life achievements. Few women sitting on the throne can perform the duties of the queen so brilliantly as Victoria, and at the same time have such great happiness as women. The period of her rule, especially after 185 1 year, is called Victorian period in British history. Her more than 60 years in office coincided with the transformation of British restraint capitalism from prosperity to prosperity, and then to monopoly capitalism. Britain is extremely powerful, its economy and civilization are unprecedentedly prosperous, science and art are greatly developed, the constitutional monarchy is fully mature, and the name of Queen Victoria has become a symbol of peace and prosperity in Britain. Many British people miss the Victorian era.