How does the rural "three plots of land" reform enter the market?

The reform of rural "three plots of land" has attracted much attention. The three rural land system reform pilots led by the Ministry of Land and Resources, namely, land expropriation system, collective construction land entering the market and homestead system, have entered the decisive battle period. As one of the important reform contents, what exploration has been made in the pilot project of collectively-operated construction land entering the market? What achievements have been made? What's the problem? The reporter recently conducted an investigation.

The sleeping "farmland" was awakened.

33 pilot projects ***278 cases of agricultural land entered the market, increasing land efficiency and increasing farmers' income.

Walking on the country road in Moganshan, Deqing, Zhejiang Province, looking around, Maolin is pruning bamboo and flowing water is gurgling. Good ecology brings good development, and rural tourism is booming here.

Zhao Jianlong, who is engaged in the hotel industry, aims at business opportunities and plans to build a high-end hotel in Moganshan Town. However, the land was stuck. "I have been unable to find the right plot. A village-run enterprise has closed down for many years, and the land has been idle. However, this land belongs to collective construction land and cannot be engaged in non-agricultural construction according to regulations. " Zhao Jianlong is very helpless.

Qiu, deputy director of Deqing County Land and Resources Bureau, said that the contradiction between local land supply and demand is becoming increasingly acute, and the existing land planning cannot meet the needs of economic development. At the same time, a large number of rural collective construction land is in a "dormant" state, and supply and demand are separated by institutional barriers.

After waiting for more than two years, Zhao Jianlong has reached a turning point. At the end of 20 14, a new round of rural land system reform began. The Central Committee issued the Opinions on the Pilot Work of Rural Land Expropriation, Collective Management Construction Land Entering the Market and Homestead System Reform, which clearly stated that it is necessary to improve the property right system of rural collective management construction land and give rural collective management construction land the right to transfer, lease and share. Deqing county, as one of the pilot projects, explores the collective management of construction land to enter the market and build a unified land transaction market in urban and rural areas.

"The purpose of the reform is to make collectively operated construction land and state-owned land have the same rights and prices, form a useful supplement to the land market, and give birth to new kinetic energy for agricultural and rural development." Wang Aimin, director of the Reform Coordination Division of the Regulation Monitoring Department of the Ministry of Land and Resources, said.

2065438+August 2005, Moganshan Town collectively transferred the land agreement to Zhao Jianlong, with a transaction price of more than 3 million yuan, which was the "first case" of collective construction land entering the market in China. At present, Deqing county has 102 land, with an area of 758.45 mu, a turnover of 65.438+64 billion yuan, and the income of farmers and collectives of more than 65.438+0 billion yuan. Yan Yuxin, deputy secretary of Deqing County Party Committee, said that Deqing has realized the normal operation by exploring the market access system of "the same right and the same price, smooth circulation and * * * enjoyment" for rural collective construction land.

Pilot exploration in various places is still going on. Pidu District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province promotes the expansion and efficiency of entering the market, activates the stock through land consolidation, develops the tourism industry, and realizes the increase of farmers' income and the growth of collective economy; Liuyang City, Hunan Province combines the exit of fireworks with the entry of land to promote industrial transformation and upgrading.

Zhang Delin, vice minister of the Ministry of Land and Resources, said that there were 278 collectively operated construction sites in 33 pilot projects, and the promotion efforts were constantly increasing. Most of the pilot areas have completed a thorough investigation, formulated relevant systems to regulate market access behavior, and carried out market access practice. It not only revitalizes idle and inefficient land in rural areas, but also provides new space for the development of new industries and formats in rural areas.

Make overall plans to promote the reform of rural land system to develop in depth. Zhang Delin introduced that the initial 33 pilot projects adopted the method of classified reform. Due to the close relationship between the "three plots of land" in rural areas, since 2065438+September 2006, the three reform pilots have been promoted as a whole. For example, Deqing has established mature rules for entering the market, and at the same time, it has also made useful attempts in land acquisition system and homestead system. The next step is to increase the overall promotion, enhance the integrity and coordination of the reform, and make the "three plots" reform form a * * * vibration effect.

Let the collective and farmers become the main body of the market.

Or set up economic cooperatives, or enter the market by the village Committee agent.

"Farmland" enters the market, who will enter? This is the key problem that collective management construction land faces when entering the market.

Wang Aimin said that the subject of entering the market is related to "who will distribute the land benefits". The purpose of rural land system reform is to let farmers share the land value-added benefits, become the masters of the land, and stimulate the enthusiasm of land management and development.

As a national piano production base, Luoshe Town in Deqing County accounts for 1/8 of the whole country. However, due to the limited land use, many enterprises have a bad production environment. "Some factories are bungalows used to raise silkworms in the village. We dare not lead our customers to inspect the goods, lest they see the poor conditions and doubt the quality of the piano. " Yu, the owner of a piano factory in Dongheng Village, said.

Many piano factories urgently need to open up new space. Dongheng Village entered the market through collective management construction land to build an industrial park. 14 piano enterprises became the transferee, and the average price per mu was as high as 2 1 10,000 yuan. Qiu said that after the "agricultural land" entered the market, the land became expensive. Therefore, it is necessary to reasonably set up market subjects and give the collective and farmers the right to participate, know and make decisions.

Zhang Shunlong, the branch secretary of Dongheng Village, said that a land stock cooperative was established in the village, and 3,000 people in the village are shareholders. At the beginning, 500 yuan was the sole shareholder per share. By entering the market, the cooperative obtained a transfer fee of 90 million yuan, and its share increased 60 times. "After the collective income, except for the infrared, the rest are used to expand reproduction and expand the collective economy."

"In order to increase transparency, the village has incorporated the approach into democratic management, and everything before, during and after the approach is open." Zhang Shunlong said.

Qiu introduced that Deqing County combined with the rural property right system reform of "three rights to people (households) and rights to people (households)" in Zhejiang Province, and invested all operating assets quantitatively. The county 106 villages (communities) established joint-stock economic cooperation organizations, registered in industry and commerce, independently accounted for their profits and losses, and had independent legal personality, with 330,000 farmers becoming shareholders. These cooperatives have the qualifications of market entities and become market entities. "All the land of the villagers' group can be entrusted to the village stock cooperatives and other agents to enter the market. "

In the setting of the main body of entering the market, each pilot has explored various forms. In order to solve the problem that the land is scattered in the hands of different owners, Xihongmen Town, Daxing District, Beijing, takes the town as the basic unit, makes unified planning and adjustment, and the collective land of each village enters the market as a whole. Establish a town collective joint venture company, operate according to the corporate structure of the company, and give play to the role of the market main body. Ensure that all villages in the town enjoy land benefits.

Jiutai District, Changchun City, Jilin Province, as an underdeveloped area, the collective economic organization is weak. As a collective economic organization, local exploration village committees sign land use contracts with land users to stimulate villagers' autonomy.

Wang Aimin said that the establishment of market participants should combine local conditions, respect farmers' dominant position and benefit the people. In particular, it is necessary to strengthen the democratic mechanism of land entering the market, make information public, make decisions fair, give play to the role of grassroots democracy, and ensure the steady progress of the pilot work.

Not only does land produce gold, but gold also produces gold.

Balance the interests of the state, the collective and the individual, and realize the preservation and appreciation of collective assets.

How to balance the interests of the state, the collective and the individual can not only realize the interests of the owners, but also reflect social fairness and justice, which is an important task of the pilot project of rural collective construction land entering the market.

How to divide the land income and how to use it well? In Zezhou County, one of the reform pilots, there are more than 9 mu of idle land in Nanyicheng Village, Yi Bei Town, which was originally a village-run coal station. An energy company reached a gas station construction agreement with the village Committee, and obtained 40 years of land use life, with a transaction price of 654.38+0.32 million yuan. According to the person in charge of Zezhou County Land and Resources Bureau, at the national level, Nanyicheng Village Committee, as the main body entering the market, pays the land value-added income adjustment fund to the government according to 20% of the total transaction price. However, due to the shortage of funds in the village, it was advanced by the energy company.

At the level of collectives and farmers, the enterprises in the village participate in the dividend distribution at the price of all the remaining land. The company pays dividends of more than 80,000 yuan to the village committee at a fixed interest rate of 8% per year, and dividends are distributed within the village collective.

"By pricing shares, village collectives can obtain long-term benefits and land rights and interests are fully guaranteed. Enterprises have also changed from one-time payment of land funds to annual dividends, which has eased the financial pressure and achieved a win-win situation for both parties. " The person in charge said.

Not only does the land produce gold, but gold also produces gold. There are still many pilots that adopt the model of "dividend+retention development fund". After deducting the adjustment fund from Nanhai District, Foshan City, Guangdong Province, 60% of the land funds will be used as share dividends, and 40% will be used as collective funds to develop production. Meitan County, Guizhou Province stipulates that the distribution of members of collective economic organizations shall not be less than 50% of net income.

Wang Aimin said that collective economic organizations should strengthen asset management, use various channels to maintain and increase the value of collective assets, and expand the collective economy. Avoid simplifying the way of dividing money and affecting the endogenous motivation of rural development.

How to balance within different collectives is a new problem found in the pilot exploration. Wang Aimin said that some industrial parks are not under the collective jurisdiction because of land planning; Some collective construction land is scattered and does not have the conditions to enter the market.

Qiu said that Deqing county explored the mode of collective cooperation in different villages. "This is the way used in Zone B of Donghengcun Pioneer Park. When adjacent villages are reclaimed, their construction land will enter the market in Dongheng Village, and the income will be distributed according to a certain proportion. "

"We encourage collective economic organizations in remote and underdeveloped areas to cooperate with collective economic organizations concentrated in market blocks, share resources, enter the market together, combine land system reform with poverty alleviation, and drive farmers to become rich." Qiu said to him.

Zhang Delin said that it is necessary to balance the interests of the state, the collective and the individual as the key entry point to comprehensively promote the reform, safeguard the interests of all parties, give farmers more sense of gain, and further enhance the integrity and systematicness of the reform.