Yu's annotation translation

This poem describes a wine seller, Hu Ji, who tactfully refuses the molestation of a powerful slave. After Shang Mo finished singing in Han Yuefu, he wrote a hymn against rape and humiliation. The title is Lin Yulang, which may be based on old Yuefu poems.

The first four sentences are the outline of the whole poem, which not only explains the nature of the positive and negative characters and their contradictions and conflicts, but also exposes the essence that the so-called "Lin Yulang" is just a giant slave and an evil slave, thus prompting the irony of the topic. "Han Huo Guang Biography": "I just loved slaves and phoenix children, but I was constant, widowed and disorderly." Toyoko is not only the head of a slave in Huo Guang, but also Toy Boy in Huo Guang, comparable to an ordinary slave. However, it is obvious that Xin Yannian's satirical remarks on current affairs in the Eastern Han Dynasty, saying that "Huo's daughter" is actually a satirical remark from ancient times. Just like Bai Juyi's Song of Eternal Sorrow in the Tang Dynasty, it is not convenient to write directly about the emperor of the Tang Dynasty, but saying that "Han Huang is heavy" is a common technique in ancient poetry. Zhu Gan, a A Qing poet, said in Yuefu Justice: "This poem is suspected to have been written by Dou Jing, which is a parody of the present." Later generations often follow their words. Dou Jingzhi is the younger brother of Dou Rong, a general of the Eastern Han Dynasty. "The Biography of Dou Rong in the Later Han Dynasty": "The scene is to hold Jin Wu, Xiang Guang Lu Xun, and the officials and dignitaries. Although they are arrogant, the scene is particularly important. Nukti took advantage of the situation, invaded the tomb villain, seized wealth and goods, usurped sinners and married women. Businessmen are blocked, eg from the enemy. ..... if you are afraid of cowardice, you dare not fight. " Much like the evil slave "relying on the general's power" written in the poem, it is also called "Jin Wuzi". It is an allusion to Dou Jingzhi's "slave riding" (Jin Wu has 200 twips riding under his command, which is equivalent to the royal spy of later generations).

The following ten sentences in Fifteen Years of Hu Ji describe the beauty and handsomeness of Hu Ji. Following the "restaurant Hu" mentioned above, "Hu Ji" is rhetorical and natural and coherent; In the plot, I want Zhang Xianchi to put aside the evil slave and tell the story of Hu Ji, which not only paves the way for the evil slave to covet the beauty of Hu Ji below, but also slows down the tense plot of resisting flirting below. Slow down in a hurry, in order to form a relaxation, twists and turns of the plot wave. Young Hu Ji sells wine alone, which is even more gorgeous and moving against the bright spring scenery: she wears a long coat, two symmetrical tie ribbons around her waist, a short coat and wide sleeves, and embroidered with patterns of lovesickness between men and women (such as Yuanyang crossing her neck), showing her graceful curve and pursuit of beautiful love. Look at her head again, wearing jewels made of beautiful jade produced in the famous Lantian (three miles southeast of Chang 'an), and two strings of pearls produced by Daqin in the Western Region are hung at both ends of the hairpin, which are colorful and quite ethnic. Her two high-coiled, circular buns are even more beautiful, even rare in the world. Needless to say, the beautiful value of her whole personality is immeasurable. I'm afraid these two gentle and lovely buns are worth tens of millions. This is an exaggeration of its beauty value, because "the price is close to the secular, so I said it, and I don't want to talk about Hu Ji lightly." (Wen Renxian's Notes on Ancient Poems) is also a metonymy technique that generalizes the whole by parts. Above, Hu Ji's gorgeous beauty is laid out and set off from her age, environment, clothing, jewelry, bun and other aspects, which is closely related to her national style of "Ren Hu", so the description is not general. It uses a variety of techniques, such as sketch, exaggeration, parallelism, metonymy and so on, which is similar to Shang Mo Sang.

After describing this beautiful scene, the poet changed his writing style and rewritten the first-person technique, so that the heroine could directly accuse Hao Nv of molesting women. "Unintentional" is a link between the preceding and the following, indicating the sudden turning point of the plot and the arrival of unexpected events. Feng Zi of the Western Han Dynasty never held the post of Jin Wu, while Dou Jing of the Eastern Han Dynasty held the post of Jin Wu, but he did not belong to the "domestic slave", so it is ironic to call Hao slave "Jin Wuzi". The phrase "have a graceful demeanour" means that Hao Nv gracefully came to the hotel to flirt with Hu Ji. He was graceful and came with horses and chariots. The silver saddle is shining, and the carriage with jade feathers on the hood is waiting for him in front of the hotel. As soon as he entered the hotel, he went straight to Hu Ji and asked her for fine wine. Hu Ji brought a jade pot tied with a silk rope to pour him wine. After a while, he approached Hu Ji and asked her for top-grade dishes. Hu Ji gave him carp slices in a beautiful golden plate. Evil slaves want wine and vegetables; And the two ways ("saying" means approaching meaning) have revealed clues of impure motives. After eating and drinking enough, he couldn't hold back his inner desire any longer, and gradually became thin and frivolous, openly flirting with Hu Ji: he gave Hu Ji a bronze mirror and a red skirt to make good relations with Hu Ji. There are many interpretations of the word "knot" today: or "tie", tie the bronze mirror on Hu Ji's clothes; Or interpreted as "catering"; Yu Pingbo interpreted it as "the knot that should be tied, the knot that should be prepared, and the knot that should be shared" (meaning love between men and women, lingering love). Analyzing the syntax and context in the poem, Yu Pingbo's statement is more appropriate. The above ten sentences are the third level: write about Hao Nv's coveting and flirting with Hu Ji.

In the last eight sentences, Hu Jirou contains a firm and obligatory refusal. Hu Ji is neither timid nor impatient in the face of arrogant slaves who rely on power, but reasonable and restrained. First of all, she said quietly, "You don't hesitate to cut off carrots and get married. How can I care about this delicate and humble body! " It seems that you want to say yes, but in fact you want to suppress first and then promote, playing hard to get. The following immediately turned: "However, you men always like the new and hate the old, and love to marry the bride;" But we women value old feelings and are loyal to our ex-husbands. " This is exactly the same as "A gentleman has his wife and a husband has his husband" in Shang Mo Sang, but the tone is slightly euphemistic. In fact, 15-year-old Hu Ji may really have no husband. The reason why she implies that she "values her ex-husband" is the same as that of Luo Fu. First, she shows her faith in love, and more importantly, she has the right to use etiquette as a weapon against violence. "There is a new principle in life, and you can't exceed it." The tone is more gentle and graceful: "Since women insist on loyalty to the end in life and never trade the old for the new, how can they abandon the humble and climb the expensive and transcend the family level!" The meaning is hidden in the cotton, which is justified and restrained. The implication is like Zuo Si's Six Poems on History: "Although expensive, it is regarded as dust; Although the humble laugh at themselves, it is as heavy as a thousand miles. " It shows Hu Ji's simple class consciousness and integrity, which makes her righteous words appear. "Thank you" is a pun. On the surface, it means thanks, but in the bones, it contains "decline". The conclusion here is even more intriguing: "I am very grateful for your kindness, and I am sorry that you have paid such a kind and loving unrequited love for me in vain!" " The attitude is firm and gentle, and the language is ironic and polite. There is no other way to make this arrogant "Jin Wuzi" succeed except the embarrassment of crying and laughing and the shameful end of running away. Here, it also leaves the reader with an incoherent imagination.

This poem is similar to Shang Mo Sang in conception, structure and description. Writing about female beauty also uses exaggeration; Writing anti-rape also uses ingenious art of struggle; The ending is also a comedy. However, "Shang Mo Sang" is more of a side foil, and the pen is empty; This poem focuses on positive description and language arrangement. The former describes the greed of the monarch, mainly through the language of the characters and the narration of the third party; This poem depicts the flirting of Hao's daughter, which is the action of a series of characters, namely, "crossing me", "accompanying me", "indulging me" and "tying me". Beauty is written in Hu Ji's eyes. The satrap flirts with words, and the slave flirts with actions, each of which conforms to the specific status. Father Luo resisted the insult by praising her husband and overwhelming him. The so-called "the Tao is one foot high and the magic is ten feet high"; Hu Ji's resistance to flirting is to emphasize the new and the old, not super-noble, gentle and strict. The so-called "hiding needles in cotton" and "making rigidity with softness". In the eyes of your envoy, Luo Fu is already a lady living in a "special city"; And Hu Ji will always be a "restaurant Hu" in the eyes of "Jin Wuzi". Therefore, there is a sharp and ironic contrast in this poem: "domestic slaves" are nothing more than watchdog, but they are mean enough to pretend to be noble "golden sons"; Although "Restaurant Hu" is in a low position, it is noble enough to insist on "no more noble than noble" in front of "noble". Therefore, the inferiority of the honorable person, the respect of the humble person, and the dramatic transformation between "noble" and "humble" have been completed in the conflict, giving readers endless thinking and enlightenment. Shen Deqian's The Source of Ancient Poetry: "However, beautiful words have a very honest end-result, and the wind changes without losing their integrity. The sentence' one million' should be noted, not discussed. "

Fei's general comment on China's poems: "Scholars should think about the regularity of poets."