Pre-loan investigation

1. What is a pre-loan survey?

Pre-loan investigation refers to the investigation of the basic situation of the loan applicant before the bank issues the loan, and makes a preliminary judgment on whether it meets the loan conditions and the amount that can be issued. The focus of the investigation includes the applicant's credit standing, business operation, compliance and legality of the specific purpose of applying for a loan, loan guarantee, etc.

Second, the basic principles of pre-loan investigation

Most banks need to follow the principle of "two-person investigation, on-the-spot inspection, true reflection and grasping the key points" before lending. The principle of two-person investigation, also known as the AB angle principle, means that each credit asset business has at least two credit personnel to participate in the investigation, and its investigation report needs to sign a clear opinion;

Field investigation refers to the field investigation conducted by investigators. Credit officers must conduct on-the-spot investigation on loan applicants, guarantors and collateral through discussion and auditing, verify the authenticity of information and financial statements provided by applicants and guarantors, and conduct on-the-spot inspection on the operation and management, asset distribution and current situation of collateral of applicants and guarantors; In the process of investigation, it is necessary to go deep into the customer's production and business premises to conduct on-site investigation and verification, check the customer's financial accounts, accounts, accounts, in-depth verification of the relevant information provided by the customer, and on-site inspection of the applicant's guarantor management, asset distribution, collateral status, etc.

The principle of true reflection means that credit personnel must seek truth from facts, truly reflect what they have learned in the pre-loan investigation and do not avoid risk points.

Three. Information to be collected in pre-loan investigation

1, loan application

2. Business licenses of the applicant and guarantor after annual inspection, etc.

3. Articles of Association of the applicant and guarantor

4. Authorization of the People's Bank of China on the credit code and related credit business.

5. The annual financial statements of the applicant and the guarantor in the last three months.

6. Environmental protection license and special business license, etc.

7, collateral ownership certificate

8. Collateral appraisal report issued by a third-party appraisal agency.

9. Financial statements of the applicant and the lender in recent months.

10, check the authenticity of the applicant's basic information, and learn more about the industries, markets and product management modes involved by the debtor.

1 1. View the applicant's tax payment voucher, water and electricity payment voucher, payment voucher, warehouse receipt voucher, etc.

12. Check whether the applicant's information is consistent with the credit information and industrial and commercial information through the national publicity system, the information of the executed person, the judgment document network and other network systems.

13. View the applicant's family assets information.

14. Other documents and certificates deemed necessary by the bank.

Fourth, how to do a good job of pre-loan investigation

1, adhere to the four steps

The so-called four steps are listening, checking, verifying and analyzing.

(1) Listening refers to listening to the basic situation of the lender's self-description and getting to know the lender from the side, such as getting to know the lender preliminarily through people around the lender or the lender's upstream and downstream customers;

(2) Inspection is to investigate the authenticity. You can make a reasonable judgment on the borrower by looking at the original business license, tax registration certificate and loan card of the customer.

(3) Verification is to verify the business conditions, collateral and guarantor of the enterprise to see if it is consistent with the lender's statement. If it is inconsistent, we should give a reasonable explanation to the loan fever.

(4) Analysis is the process of analyzing and sorting out the borrower's relevant information after learning a lot of information about the lender, and then evaluating the customer's loan risk and operating efficiency, and systematically analyzing the previous investigation.

2. Make targeted judgments on enterprises.

(1) Prevent moral hazard. Most small and medium-sized enterprises in China are in the hands of the actual person in charge, and the personality of the actual person in charge directly affects the possibility of loan repayment. Many non-performing loans of banks are inseparable from the borrower's malicious evasion of debts, so the investigation of the actual borrower's personality is an important step before lending.

(2) the "three views" principle of the enterprise. The so-called "three views" principle, one is to examine the operating conditions of enterprises, the other is to look at the cash flow of enterprises, and the third is to look at the guarantee compensation ability of enterprises.

First look at the management of enterprises. It examines body statements through investigation and analysis. First, on-the-spot investigation of the business environment of the enterprise to see whether its accounts are consistent. Second, by consulting all kinds of accounting books of enterprises and calculating the corresponding operating indicators through all kinds of data recorded in them, we can analyze and understand the operating conditions of enterprises.

Second, look at corporate cash flow. By looking at the deposit settlement account opened by the enterprise in the bank for a period of time, we can further understand the withdrawal of deposits, loans and other funds of the borrowing enterprise for a period of time, and fully understand the direction and quantity of cash flow of the enterprise.

Third, look at the ability to guarantee compensation. One of the problems that banks need to focus on is the guarantee practice. In the investigation, they should pay attention to review the subject qualification of the guarantor, the credit status and ability of the guaranteed enterprise, and the second is mortgage guarantee, focusing on the legality of the collateral.

Risk analysis of verb (verb's abbreviation)

First of all, we should analyze the risks of the industry, understand the relevant industrial policies and entry barriers of the country to the applicant's industry, investigate and analyze the business nature and scale of the applicant's company, compare the applicant's position and competitiveness in the same industry, analyze the rationality of the applicant's strategy and predict its development prospects.

Secondly, it is necessary to analyze the business risks of the company. By investigating the applicant's production and marketing scale, the development stage of the enterprise, as well as the enterprise's operating status, the company's future development trend, the company's business strategy, the demand elasticity of products, the power supply of raw materials, the distribution of purchase and sale, etc., the analysis was made.

Sixth, pay attention to enterprise quality.

First of all, commercial banks' personal loans for small enterprises and investment banking services for small enterprises are mainly aimed at relatively good enterprises and enterprises with high quality and listing prospects. In terms of enterprise quality, commercial banks should focus on the technical quality of enterprises, including the technical level of production process and product technical standards, technology development, technology substitution, technology reserve, R&D capability, R&D personnel, R&D achievements, etc. , but also pay attention to the honorary title, major brands, popularity and brand effect of independent intellectual property enterprises of commercial banks.

In terms of management quality, we should pay attention to corporate governance structure, department setting, and management of senior management, employee management, sales staff, production and quality. Management is the decisive factor for the success of high-quality enterprises, and the key factor for the success of high-quality enterprises must be the innovation of management mode, so we must attach importance to the management of enterprises before lending.

Seven, review the purpose of the loan

In the stage of loan investigation, loan investigators must conscientiously perform their duties and conduct due diligence on the loan application of borrowers. First, it is necessary to fulfill the obligation of full disclosure, clearly inform the lender of the purpose of the funds, and shall not be used for other purposes; The second is to review the application materials of the borrower and conduct necessary on-the-spot investigations; Third, pay close attention to the transaction business directly related to the purpose of the loan, including whether the contract transaction is effectively signed and whether the contract elements are complete. The homeowner defrauded the loan. In addition, the credit manager should pay more attention to the borrower's loan purpose and pay a regular return visit after the loan.

Eight, pay attention to the credit status of loan enterprises.

Individuals have personal credit information, and enterprises also have credit information. The main purpose of enterprise credit report is commercial loans, in other words, commercial loans mainly based on corporate loans. When we query the enterprise credit report, we want to know the reason and time of enterprise default, which is related to the integrity of an enterprise. We can learn about the situation from upstream and downstream suppliers and make a good evaluation of the credit status of enterprises.

Sorry, I don't understand. What does the pre-loan investigation report refer to?

Liaoning Yuheng Financing Guarantee Company gives you the most professional answer: extra points! Pre-loan investigation is an important procedure and link of credit management, and it is the cornerstone of loan issuance, which is directly related to the correctness of loan decision. Individual credit officers only look at the information provided by loan applicants, which leads to inaccurate pre-loan investigation. In the pre-loan investigation, in addition to the necessary investigation of the applicant in the general way, we should also find out the true background of the applicant. If the pre-lending investigation is not solid, it may increase the risk of credit assets and may lose the opportunity to establish credit relations with every excellent customer. Pre-loan investigation is mainly divided into personal loans and corporate loans. Compared with corporate loans, the pre-loan investigation of personal loans is more intuitive, focusing on the customer's previous credit records, followed by the customer's education, experience, management ability, performance, social relations, hobbies, living habits, conduct, age, health status and so on. Finally, the second source of repayment. The pre-loan investigation of loans from enterprises and institutions is complicated, so we should focus on the following aspects: First, the borrower's qualification. Review whether the enterprise has the loan conditions, look at the enterprise legal person and business license, and determine whether the borrower is an approved and registered enterprise (business) legal person or other economic organization. Look at social relations, hobbies, living habits, conduct, age, health status, etc. Investigate its legal representative, and then understand the number and composition of employees, especially the professional skills and experience of managers and scientific and technological personnel. For example, no matter how high the registered capital of an enterprise is, if there are no corresponding managers, scientific and technological personnel and management culture concepts, the products produced by the enterprise will not be too competitive, so the profitability cannot be too strong, which will bring considerable risks to bank funds. Finally, check the other liabilities, financing and external guarantees of the enterprise, which should be implemented in accordance with the Measures for the Administration of External Guarantees and Guarantors of Borrowers formulated by the bank. Enterprises that exceed this standard will not be eligible for loans. Second, data analysis and collection. Check the history of the enterprise, whether there is a credit relationship with the bank, other capital transactions, bad records, guarantees, other personal liabilities and so on. First of all, we should look at the historical records of enterprises and banks as opposites. Through the analysis in the first step, a preliminary conclusion is drawn, and the feasibility, profitability, comprehensive ability of legal representative, other management personnel and financial personnel of the business project are investigated on the spot to find out whether the electricity consumption of the enterprise has increased or decreased significantly in the near future, and analyze the reasons, because the electricity consumption can basically reflect the production situation of the enterprise from the side. Among them, the financial statements of the last year should be signed by the financial department, and the balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statement of the last month. Third, investigate the reasons for borrowing. The reason, purpose and plan of the borrower's loan application are the main contents of the pre-loan investigation. It is necessary to analyze whether the borrower applying for a loan has the basic conditions such as marketable products, profitable production and operation, no misappropriation of credit funds, and abiding by credit. Whether the business activities of the loan applicant are legal and meet the requirements of the national industrial policy and social development plan. Fourth, analysis and summary. After the analysis and summary of the above steps, we will further analyze the relevant situation of enterprises, specifically distinguish the product categories of enterprises, and treat different types of enterprises differently, so as to determine their loan term. For example, some enterprises have short production cycle, while others have long production cycle.

3. What are the main methods of pre-loan investigation?

The methods of pre-loan investigation include:

① field investigation;

(2) Off-site investigation: through contacting the affiliated enterprises, competitors or individuals of customers through trade associations (chambers of commerce) and government functional management departments (such as industrial and commercial bureaus, tax authorities, public security departments, etc.), we can understand the real situation of customers, conduct search investigations, entrust investigations and obtain valuable information. ).