Clothing design and interior decoration

Interior design of Unilever headquarters -KPF design

Interior design refers to the preparatory work to meet certain architectural purposes (including people's requirements for its use function and visual experience), as well as the value-added preparatory work for deep processing of existing building interior space. The purpose is to make specific materials ready for qualified products in terms of technology and economy under limited feasibility conditions. It requires not only engineering knowledge, but also artistic theory and skills. Interior design evolved from the decorative part of architectural design. He recreated the internal environment of the building. Interior design can be divided into two categories: public building space and home. When we talk about interior design, we will also mention some important terms, such as moving lines, space, color, lighting, function and so on. Interior design generally refers to any related objects that can actually be built indoors, including: walls, windows, curtains, doors, surface treatment, materials, lighting, air conditioning, water and electricity, environmental control system, audio-visual equipment, furniture and decoration planning.

Edit the characteristics of this paragraph

This paper analyzes the understanding of the meaning of interior design and its relationship with architectural design from different angles and different emphases. Many scholars have many profound insights, which are worth our serious consideration and reference. For example, they think that interior design "is the continuation and deepening of architectural design and the re-creation of indoor space and environment". It is considered that interior design is "the soul of architecture, the connection between man and environment, and the combination of human art and material civilization". Mr. Dai Nianci, a senior architect in China, believes that "the starting point and focus of architectural design is connotative architectural space, and the spatial effect is the goal pursued by architectural art, while interfaces, doors and windows are the necessary subsidiary parts of space. The subordinate part is the material basis of space and plays a decisive role in the perception of the use of connotation space, but it is a subordinate part after all. As for the appearance, it is only the inevitable result of the connotation space. " According to W.Platner, an architect, interior design is "much more difficult than designing a building with these internal spaces", because indoors "you have to deal with people more, study people's psychological factors and how to make them feel comfortable and excited. Experience has proved that this requires more experience and more specialized training than dealing with structures and building systems. " G.Adam, former president of American Association of Interior Designers, pointed out, "Interior design involves much more than simple decoration, and their concerns have extended to all aspects of life, such as the design of houses, offices, hotels and restaurants, the improvement of labor productivity, barrier-free design, the compilation of fire prevention codes and energy-saving indicators, and the improvement of the utilization rate of public facilities such as hospitals, libraries and schools. In short, it gives comfort and safety to all kinds of people in the indoor environment. " EoPonomaleva, a Belarusian architect, believes that interior design is to design "an artificial environment with visual limitations to meet people's physiological and spiritual requirements and ensure the needs of life and production activities", and interior design is also "the interdependence and close combination of function, spatial form, engineering technology and art".

Edit the research object in this paragraph.

The object of interior design research is only to study the closed surface and content of the interior space of the building. Usually it is customary to divide interior design according to the following standards: according to design depth: interior scheme design, interior preliminary design and interior construction drawing design. According to the design content, it is divided into: interior decoration design, interior physical design (acoustic design, optical design), interior equipment design (indoor water supply and drainage design, indoor heating, ventilation and air conditioning design, electrical and communication design), interior soft decoration design (curtain design, accessories selection), indoor geomantic omen, etc. According to the nature of design space, it can be divided into residential building space design, public building space design, industrial building space design and agricultural building space design. The most common classifications are public dress (public building space design) and home decoration (residential building space design).

The historical origin and development of editing this paragraph.

Modern interior design, as a new discipline, has existed since the beginning of human civilization. Although it is only in recent decades, people have consciously decorated and even beautified their own living and production activities, giving the indoor environment the desired atmosphere. From the beginning of architecture, the development of interior came into being at the same time, so studying the history of interior design is to study the history of architecture.

A Brief History of China Architecture

According to Liang Sicheng's Architectural History of China, it can be roughly divided into six periods: ancient times, Han Dynasty, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Five Dynasties, Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. There are also five periods: primitive society, slave society (Xia, Shang and Zhou), early feudal society (Warring States, Qin, Han, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties), middle feudal society (Sui, Tang, Five Dynasties, Song, Liao, Jin and Xixia) and late feudal society (Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties).

A brief history of world architecture

Prehistoric architecture, ancient architecture (ancient Egyptian architecture, ancient Greek architecture, ancient Roman architecture), medieval architecture (Byzantine architecture, Roman architecture, Islamic architecture, Roman architecture, Gothic architecture), Renaissance architecture (Baroque architecture, classicism architecture, Rococo architecture), industrial revolutionary architecture (that is, modernist architecture).

Edit this paragraph to study learning methods.

First, to meet the needs of people and interpersonal activities as the core, consider their different requirements for different groups of people and different users: space design; We need to pay attention to the requirements of people's behavioral psychology and visual feelings. Different spaces give people different feelings. Second, to strengthen the overall environmental concept, the conception, style and environmental atmosphere of interior design need to be considered from the overall environment, cultural characteristics, architectural functional characteristics and other aspects. Macro environment; (natural environment) space, atmosphere; Mountains and rivers, forests, plains and grasslands; Climate and geographical features, natural scenery, local materials. Meso-environment; Urban and rural environment (urban and rural, neighborhood, outdoor environment); Neighborhood buildings and outdoor environment; Historical context, folk customs, architectural functional characteristics, modeling style; Micro-environment; (Indoor environment) The indoor environment of various buildings; Indoor functional characteristics, spatial organizational characteristics, style. Third, the combination of science and artistry Another basic point of modern design is to attach great importance to science, artistry and their combination in the interior design environment. Science; Including new materials, structural composition, construction technology, facilities and equipment with good sound, light and thermal environment, and artistic changes in design means (computer design): while emphasizing materials and technical means, we attach great importance to architectural aesthetic principles and pay attention to creating an expressive and infectious indoor space image with visual pleasure and cultural connotation. Scientific and artistic; Different types and functional characteristics of indoor environment may be emphasized, but from the macro overall design concept, they still need to be combined. In short, it is to achieve the balance and integration of physiological requirements and psychological requirements. 4. Pay equal attention to the sense of the times and historical context. Historical context: It can't be understood simply from the form and symbol, but broadly involves the planning ideas, plane layout, spatial organization characteristics, philosophical thoughts and viewpoints in design. V. Dynamic sustainable development concept: 1), market economy and competition mechanism. 2) Changes in shopping behavior and business methods. 3), new decorative materials, efficient lighting, air conditioning equipment. 4) Revision of fire protection codes and building standards. It will make modern interior design leave room for renovation in space organization, plane layout, decoration and installation of facilities. Sustainable development: All kinds of human activities in the future should focus on the sustainable development of ecology, environment, energy and land use.

Edit the interior design style of this paragraph.

The formation of interior design style is different trend of thought of the times and regional characteristics, and it gradually develops into a representative interior design form through creative conception and performance. Typical styles are usually closely related to local cultural factors and natural conditions, and the characteristics of conception and modeling are also needed in creation. External and internal factors that form style. Although style is expressed in form, it has profound connotations such as art, culture and social development. In this profound sense, style does not stay or is equivalent to form. The styles of interior design can be divided into traditional styles, modern styles and mixed styles.

First, traditional style.

Traditional indoor style refers to the indoor style with historical and cultural characteristics. Generally speaking, compared with modernism. Emphasize the inheritance of history and culture and the continuation of humanistic characteristics. Traditional styles are usually called Chinese style, European style, Islamic style and Mediterranean style. The characteristics of the same traditional style in different periods and regions are not exactly the same. For example, European styles are also divided into: Gothic, Baroque, Classical, French Baroque, English Baroque and so on. Ming and Qing styles, Sui and Tang styles, Huizhou styles and Western Sichuan styles.

Second, modern style.

Modern style is modernist style. Modern style originates from Bauhaus School founded by 19 19, which emphasizes breaking through the old tradition, creating new buildings, paying attention to function and spatial organization, giving full play to the formal beauty of structural composition, being concise in modeling, opposing redundant decoration, advocating reasonable composition technology, respecting the performance of materials, paying attention to the texture and color configuration effect of materials themselves, and developing non-traditional asymmetry on the basis of functional layout. Attach importance to actual process operation and emphasize the connection between design and industrial production.

Third, mixed style.

Also known as mashup style. That is, the combination of traditional and modern styles. It can also be a combination of different traditional styles. Such as: the combination of Chinese and western.

Edit the interior design genre in this section.

The school of interior design mainly refers to the art school of modernist interior design.

High-tech school

High-tech or weighing school pays attention to the expression of "high industrial technology", which has several obvious characteristics: first, they like to use the latest materials, especially stainless steel, aluminum-plastic plates or alloy materials, as the main materials for interior decoration and furniture design; Secondly, the exposure of structure or mechanical organization, such as the exposure of indoor water pipes and air ducts, or the use of transparent household appliances with bare mechanical parts; Functionally, it emphasizes the audio-visual function or automation facilities of modern rooms, with household appliances as the main furnishings, exquisite and delicate component nodes, and indoor artworks as abstract artistic styles. Typical examples of high-tech schools are Pompidou National Art and Culture Center and Hongkong China Bank.

person with foresight

Bright School, also known as Silver School, prides itself on the precision and bright effect of new materials and modern processing technology in interior design. Mirror and flat glass, stainless steel, polished granite and marble are often used as decorative materials. In the lighting of indoor environment, various new light sources and lamps such as projection and refraction are often used. Under the contrast of metal and mirror materials, a radiant and dazzling indoor environment is formed.

the white race

The works are mainly white, with extraordinary style and obvious unnatural effects, and are called "Chun Xue" in contemporary architecture. Representative figures are Peter eisenmann, Michael Graves, Gowasu Graves, John Hezhuk, You Ke and richard meier. Their design ideas and theoretical principles are deeply influenced by de stijl and Corbusier, and they like pure architectural space, volume, cubism composition and light and shadow changes in the sun, so they are also called retro-modernism of early modernist architecture.

Descartes school of abstract painting

At the beginning of this century, the Dutch-centered modern art school is strictly a branch of cubism painting school, which holds that art should eliminate its connection with any natural objects, and only the smallest visual elements such as point, line, surface and primary colors are truly universal and eternal artistic themes. The representative figure of interior design is Ritter Wilder, a carpenter. He fully expressed de stijl's thoughts in furniture and artistic display. The appearance of de stijl reversed Bauhaus's artistic trend of thought, and the absolute abstract visual language he created and the design works of his representative figures had an extremely important influence on modern art, modern architecture and interior design.

minimum programme

Also translated as minimalism or microminism, it is an art school that rose in the 1960s after the Second World War, and can also be called "minimalist art". As a response to abstract expressionism, it goes to extremes, presenting the original thing itself or form as a way of expression to the viewer, with the intention of eliminating the oppression of the author on the viewer's consciousness through the work, minimizing the sense of violence when the work appears in the form of text or symbol, and opening up the artistic concept space of the work itself.

Decorative artistic ornaments

Art Deco is an artistic style that emphasizes decoration and influences the style of architectural design. Its name comes from 1925 World Expo and International Exhibition of Decorative Arts and Modern Industry held in Paris. When1968+0920s became the main artistic style in Europe, it was not popular in America, about 1928, and it didn't become popular in America until the1968+0930s when modernism prevailed. Although 1925 created the word Art Deco, it was not widely used until 1960, and its practitioners did not cooperate as a unified design community. It is considered to be eclectic, influenced by various resources and given many names.

Post-modern style

Various theorists have their own different understandings, some think that it only refers to a certain design style, and some think that it is the name of the whole era after modernism. In the use of this name, architectural theorists around the world have not yet reached a unified standard and understanding. Generally speaking, it can be said that the period from 1940s to 1960s was the monopoly period of modernist architecture and internationalist style, and the period from 1970s to now was the post-modernism period. At the end of 1960s, 30 years after internationalism monopolized architecture, products and graphic design, the world's architecture became more and more similar, local and national characteristics gradually faded, and the appearance of architecture and cities became more and more dull. In addition, in brutalism and Le Corbusier, the past humanistic architectural form was gradually replaced by inhuman internationalist architecture. A group of young architects who tried to change the face of internationalism appeared in the architectural world, which triggered a great revolution in the architectural world. American architect Stern proposed that postmodern architecture has three characteristics: decorative; Symbolic or metaphorical; Integration with existing environment. Postmodernism has a rebellious mentality against the pure rationality of modernism. Postmodernism emphasizes the historical continuity of architecture and interior design, but it does not stick to the traditional logical thinking mode, explores and innovates modelling technique, and pays attention to human feelings. It often sets exaggeration, deformation, column shape and broken arch in the interior, or combines the abstract forms of classical components in new ways, that is, it adopts unconventional mixing, superposition, dislocation, fission and other means and symbols and metaphors in order to create new styles. Postmodern style can not be evaluated only by the visual image we see, but also by the design ideas.

deconstruct

1The post-modern architectural trend of thought in the late 1980s is characterized by breaking the whole (deconstruction). The main idea is to deal with the appearance, and form the deformation and displacement of the relationship between architectural elements, such as floors and walls, or structures and contours, through nonlinear or non-Euclidean geometric design. All kinds of deconstruction "styles" produced by the visual appearance after the building is completed are characterized by unpredictable stimulation and controllable chaos. One of the manifestations of postmodernism.

neo modernism

An architectural style in the late 20th century and early 20th century, which first appeared in 1965. The new modern architecture responds to the complex architectural structure and eclecticism of post-modern architecture through new simple and civilian design. Some critics point out that this spirit of reflection on the current architectural style "is exactly what contemporary China architecture lacks", which "leads architects to substitute imitation for creation and mediocrity for innovation". The term "new modern architecture" is also used to refer to current architecture.

Edit the interior design principles of this paragraph.

1. Functional principles: including meeting and ensuring the use requirements, protecting the main structure from damage, and decorating the building facade and indoor space; 2. Safety principle: No matter the wall, floor or ceiling, the structure must have certain strength and rigidity to meet the calculation requirements, especially the connection nodes between the parts, which are safer and more reliable. 3. Feasibility principle: The reason for design is to turn the design into reality through construction. Therefore, the interior design must be feasible, and strive for convenient construction and easy operation. 4. Principle of economy: The design standard should be determined according to the actual nature and use of the building. Don't blindly raise the standard, simply pursue the artistic effect, resulting in a waste of funds, and don't unilaterally lower the standard and affect the effect. It is important to achieve good practical and artistic effects through ingenious structural design at the same cost.

Edit the interior decoration design elements in this paragraph.

1. space element. The basic task of design is to rationalize the space and give people a beautiful feeling. We should be brave in exploring the new image of space endowed by the times and technology, and don't stick to the spatial image formed in the past. 2. Color requirements. Indoor color not only affects the visual environment, but also directly affects people's mood and psychology. Scientific color selection is beneficial to work and health. Proper color processing can not only meet the functional requirements, but also achieve beautiful results. In addition to observing the general color rules, indoor colors are different with the changes of aesthetic standards of the times. 3. Light and shadow requirements. Humans love the beautiful scenery of nature, and often introduce sunlight directly into the room to eliminate the darkness and closed feeling, especially the top light and soft scattered light, and make the indoor space more intimate and natural. The change of light and shadow makes the room more colorful and gives people a variety of feelings. 4. Decorative elements. The indispensable building components in the whole indoor space, such as columns and walls, need to be decorated in combination with their functions to form a perfect indoor environment. Making full use of the texture characteristics of different decorative materials, we can obtain a variety of different styles of indoor artistic effects, and at the same time reflect the historical and cultural characteristics of the region. 5. Display elements. Indoor furniture, carpets, curtains, etc. They are all necessities of life, and their shapes often have the characteristics of furnishings, mostly playing a decorative role. Practicality and decoration should be coordinated with each other, and the functions and forms should be unified and diverse, so as to make the indoor space comfortable and decent and full of personality. 6. Green elements. Greening in interior design has become an important means to improve the indoor environment. Planting flowers and trees indoors, using greening and sketches to communicate indoor and outdoor environments, expanding the sense of indoor space and beautifying the space have positive effects.

Edit this famous interior designer

Gao Wenan (Hong Kong): During his nearly 30 years' design career, Gao Wenan has designed more than 2,000 interior design projects and is known as the "father of interior design in Hong Kong". Gao Wenan is an architect and a leading interior designer. I studied in Australia and founded Gao Wenan Design Co., Ltd. after returning to Hong Kong for several years ... Liang Zhitian (Hong Kong): One of the top ten designers in Hong Kong, with a bachelor's degree in architecture and a master's degree in urban planning from the University of Hong Kong, has accumulated rich design experience. Liang Zhitian Architects Co., Ltd. and Liang Zhitian Design Co., Ltd. were established in 1997. Zhou Juan (HK): KCA Design Director, representing the interior design of the Sailing Hotel. KellyHoppen is a top British designer. She designs houses for many celebrities and many business places, including airline first class. She is extremely extravagant. Kelly, a top interior designer who is famous for her cool, concise, elegant and creative design? Kelly Hoppen has won numerous reputations. As early as 1997, she beat Andrew? Martin's "International Designer of the Year Award"; In 2006, he won the "Ella Interior Design Award". Philippe Stark (France): Born in 1949, he is a world-famous design master. Philippe starck enjoys the heavyweight reputation of "design genius", "design genius" and "king" in the field of design. He has won almost all international design awards, including Red Dot Design Award, IF Design Award, Harvard Excellent Design Award, American Academy of Hospital Sciences Five-Star Diamond Award of the Year, French "Legion of Honor" and other awards. Works: Interior decoration of French President Mitterrand's new residence, new york Royalton Hotel, Hong Kong Peninsula Hotel Felix Restaurant, China's masterpiece: Orchard Club. Andre Pullman is one of the most important interior designers in the world. 199 1 won the design achievement award of the American Association of Interior Designers, and 1995 won the national industrial creation award awarded by the French Ministry of Culture. His works are numerous all over the world, including Morgan Hotel in new york, Pershing Hall Hotel in Paris, the scene design of the film Pillow Book in Peter Greenaway, Concorde cabin in Air France and so on.