What are the advantages and disadvantages of titanium alloy?

What are the advantages and disadvantages of titanium alloy? What are the advantages and disadvantages of titanium alloy? Titanium alloy has the advantages of light weight, high specific strength and good corrosion resistance, so it is widely used in automobile industry, among which the most widely used is automobile engine system. There are many advantages in manufacturing engine parts with titanium alloy. [ 1]

The low density of titanium alloy can reduce the inertia mass of moving parts, and at the same time, titanium valve spring can increase the free vibration, weaken the vibration of car body, and improve the engine speed and output power.

Reduce the inertia mass of moving parts, thereby reducing friction and improving the fuel efficiency of the engine. Choosing titanium alloy can reduce the load stress of related parts and reduce the size of parts, thus reducing the quality of engine and vehicle. The reduction of inertia mass of parts weakens vibration and noise, and improves engine performance. The application of titanium alloy in other parts can improve the comfort of people and the aesthetics of cars. In the application of automobile industry, titanium alloy has played an inestimable role in energy saving and consumption reduction.

Although titanium alloy parts have such excellent properties, there is still a long way to go for titanium and its alloys to be widely used in automobile industry. The reasons include high price, poor formability and poor weldability.

The main reason that hinders the wide application of titanium alloy in automobile industry is the high cost.

The price of titanium alloy is much higher than other metals, whether it is initial smelting or subsequent processing. The acceptable cost of titanium parts in automobile industry is 8 ~ 13 USD /kg for connecting rod, 0 ~ 20 USD /kg for air valve, and less than 8 USD /kg for spring, engine exhaust system and fastener. It is 6 ~ 15 times that of aluminum plate and 45 ~ 83 times that of steel plate.

Advantages and disadvantages of titanium alloy: high melting point, low density and excellent corrosion resistance.

Advantages and disadvantages of pure titanium implants and titanium alloy implants Pure titanium is generally called "biological titanium", which is mainly used as the raw material of medical devices implanted in the body, such as vascular stents, and has the characteristics of high purity, permanent non-corrosion and good human affinity. Titanium alloy is an alloy made by adding other metal materials to titanium metal. Its advantages are better toughness and lower price, but its strength, corrosion resistance, comfort and texture are not comparable to pure titanium.

The differences between titanium alloy and zinc alloy, as well as their advantages and disadvantages. The density of titanium alloy is about 4.5g/cm3, which is only 60% of that of steel. The strength of pure titanium is close to that of ordinary steel, and the strength of some high-strength titanium alloys exceeds that of many alloy structural steels. Therefore, the specific strength (strength/density) of titanium alloy is much greater than that of other metal structural materials.

First, the characteristics of zinc alloy

1. This ratio is very large.

2. The casting performance is good, precision parts with complex shapes and thin walls can be die-cast, and the casting surface is smooth.

3. Surface treatment can be carried out: electroplating, spraying and painting.

4. When melt die-casting, there is no iron absorption, no corrosion molding and no die sticking.

5. It has good mechanical properties and wear resistance at room temperature.

6. Low melting point, melting point of 385℃, easy to die casting.

I have played with the advantages and disadvantages of titanium alloy rafts for many years, using rock poles, rafts and sea poles. Personally, if I have a soft sea pole or raft, I can make do with it, provided that I change a thin thread. If I want to buy a winter fishing, I still have the advantages of a rock pole, which is long and easy to throw, taking into account the distance. However, if the raft is short and the string hook is hung again, the requirements for rod throwing are high, and novices often can't cast it correctly. Moreover, the rock pole is slightly soft and the reflected signal is more sensitive, which is suitable for fishing lightly bitten fish in winter. As for the length, I suggest buying 4.5 meters, because you didn't just buy poles for winter, did you? 4.5-meter-long rock poles can also be used to fight giants in summer, which is more versatile and more affordable.

Advantages and disadvantages of alloys Advantages of alloys:

1. The melting point is reduced, which is convenient for casting.

2. Add some special functions. For example, aluminum alloy is made of pure aluminum and some alloying elements, such as Al-Mn alloy, Al-Cu alloy, Al-Cu-Mg series hard aluminum alloy, Al-Zn-Mg-Cu series superhard aluminum alloy, etc. Compared with pure aluminum, aluminum alloy has better physical and mechanical properties: easy processing, high durability, wide application range, good decorative effect and rich colors.

For example, magnesium alloy has the advantages of low density, high specific strength, high specific stiffness, strong earthquake resistance and large impact load. At the same time, it has good cutting and polishing performance, and is an important structural material in aerospace, instrumentation, transportation and other industrial sectors.

3. The hardness of this alloy is greater than that of its constituent metals. Such as aluminum alloy

Disadvantages of alloys:

1. Some alloys are prone to electrochemical corrosion (forming galvanic cells).

There are few shortcomings

What are the advantages and disadvantages of titanium alloy watches? Titanium alloy watchband is light in weight, slow in heat transfer and won't feel cold. No allergies.

Titanium is an important structural metal developed in 1950s. Titanium alloy is widely used in various fields because of its high strength, good corrosion resistance and high heat resistance.

Many countries in the world have realized the importance of titanium alloy materials, and have carried out research and development and obtained practical application.

The first practical titanium alloy is 1954 Ti-6Al-4V alloy successfully developed in the United States. Because of its good heat resistance, strength, plasticity, toughness, formability, weldability, corrosion resistance and biocompatibility, it has become the ace alloy in titanium alloy industry, and its consumption has accounted for 75% ~ 85% of all titanium alloys.

Many other titanium alloys can be regarded as modifications of Ti-6Al-4V alloy.

During the 1950s and 1960s, high-temperature titanium alloys for aero-engines and structural titanium alloys for airframes were mainly developed. In 1970s, many corrosion-resistant titanium alloys were developed. Since 1980s, corrosion-resistant titanium alloys and high-strength titanium alloys have been further developed.

The service temperature of heat-resistant titanium alloy increased from 400℃ in 1950s to 600 ~ 650℃ in 1990s. The appearance of A2(Ti3Al) and r(TiAl) based alloys.

So titanium is pushed from the cold end of the engine (fan and compressor) to the hot end of the engine (turbine). Structural titanium alloys are developing towards high strength, high plasticity, high toughness, high modulus and high damage tolerance.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of aluminum-titanium alloy doors and galvanized doors (1) aluminum profiles?

Aluminum belongs to one of the nonferrous metals in the metal category. Because of its wide application, the following are introduced respectively: aluminum profile and die-casting aluminum alloy. Among them, aluminum ingots with purity above 92% are used as the main raw materials, and metal elements such as carbon, magnesium, silicon and sulfur are added to form a multi-element "alloy".

1. 1 aluminum profile

Aluminum profiles are very common, such as screen windows and aluminum windows. It adopts extrusion molding process, that is, after the aluminum ingot and other raw materials are melted in the furnace, they are extruded into the mold by an extruder for outflow molding, and various profiles with different sections can also be extruded. The main properties, namely strength, hardness and wear resistance, meet the national standard GB6063. Advantages: light weight of only 2.8, no rust, rapid design change, less die investment, and longitudinal elongation exceeding10m. The appearance of aluminum profiles can be divided into two types: bright and matte. The treatment process adopts anodic oxidation, and the surface treatment oxide film reaches the thickness of 0.12m/m. The wall thickness of aluminum profiles is selected according to the optimization of product design, not the thicker the better in the market, but according to the cross-sectional structure requirements, which can range from 0.5 to 5mm, but laymen think that the thicker the tougher it is, it is actually a mistake.

The surface quality of aluminum profiles also has some insurmountable defects: warping, deformation, black line, convex and concave and white line. If the designer's level is high and the mold design and production process are reasonable, the above defects can not be obviously avoided. The inspection of defects should be carried out according to the inspection method stipulated by the state, that is, the sight distance is 40~50CM to identify defects.

Aluminum profiles are widely used in furniture: screen skeleton, various hanging beams, table legs, decorative strips, handles, trunking and cover plates, chair tubes, etc. , can be ever-changing design and use!

Although aluminum profiles have many advantages, they also have some disadvantages:

Aluminum without oxidation treatment is easy to "rust", which leads to the decline of performance and the longitudinal strength is not as good as that of iron products. The wear resistance of surface oxide layer is not as good as electroplating layer, and its cost is higher, which is about 3~4 times that of iron products.

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1.2 die-casting aluminum alloy

Compared with the processing method of profile, the equipment used for die casting alloy is different. Its raw materials are aluminum ingots (purity about 92%) and alloy materials, which are melted in a melting furnace and molded in a die casting machine. Die-casting aluminum products can be designed like toys with different shapes, which is convenient for connection in all directions. In addition, it has high hardness and strength, and can be mixed with zinc to form zinc-aluminum alloy.

Die-casting aluminum molding process is divided into:

1, die casting

2. Rough polishing to remove the residual material of the mold.

3. Fine polishing;

On the other hand, in the production process of die-casting aluminum, there must be a mold to make it, and its mold cost is very expensive, which is higher than other molds such as injection mold. At the same time, it is very difficult to maintain the mold, and it is difficult to reduce the material and repair the design error.

Disadvantages of die-casting aluminum:

The production and processing capacity is more each time, and the cost is low. The cost of products with complex polishing and slow production cycle is about 3~4 times higher than that of injection molded parts. Screw holes need a large connecting force (4.5mm in diameter) to stabilize the scope of application: table feet, bench connectors, decorative heads, aluminum seals, desktop and coffee table jacking, etc. , and a wide range.

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The concept of "hardware" is a popular saying. The standard classification should be divided into ferrous metals and nonferrous metals. Used for tubular, rod-shaped, plate-shaped, linear and angular furniture.

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2. 1 ferrous metal parts

Mainly refers to iron products, which have the advantages of no deformation, extremely high strength, good wear resistance, high hardness, low price and long service life. It belongs to carbon-iron alloy and is divided into high carbon steel, low carbon steel and medium carbon steel. Divided into round tube, square tube, angle steel and steel plate. The round tube is mainly used for chair products; Square pipes are used for beams and supports; Steel plates are mainly used for baffles, mesh plates, pendants, handrails, metal cabinets, doors, etc.

Disadvantages of steel products:

1, easy to rust

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3, afraid of humidity

The methods to solve the above defects include electroplating, spraying, blackening and bluing treatment, etc.

There are many ways to process and shape hardware: bending, punching, drilling, welding, cutting and stamping. In short, it is processed according to the design requirements or product requirements.

2.2 Nonferrous metal parts

Refers to all metal parts except iron products, such as aluminum, copper, zinc and stainless steel. It has a characteristic that it is not easy to rust, and its strength is worse than that of ferrous metal. Widely used in furniture: aluminum plate, aluminum strip, stainless steel tube, stainless steel plate, copper plate and zinc plate.

Stainless steel parts: Stainless steel parts can be divided into stainless iron and stainless steel: "430" is often called stainless iron and "304" is pure stainless steel. One way to distinguish them is to test with a magnet that "430" can be attracted by magnets, but "304" can't. The proportion of stainless steel is slightly higher than that of iron products, but the price is four times higher than that of iron products. So only high-end products are used.

Copper products: Copper products are divided into pure copper and copper alloys. Pure copper, also known as red copper, has poor strength and hardness, but good toughness. Brass is widely used in furniture in copper alloys, and it is an alloy copper mainly containing zinc. The price of pure copper is slightly 30~40% higher than that of "304" stainless copper, and the price of brass is 20% lower than that of pure copper. The hardness and strength of copper alloy are slightly higher than that of stainless copper, but it is easily broken and brittle. The copper parts used in furniture are mainly handles and embedded screws. In order to prevent "rust", pure copper can only be used after electroplating, but brass is not needed, and there are few products widely used in furniture.

Zinc products: Pure zinc products are rarely used, mainly combined with zinc alloy or steel. Such as galvanized sheet, electrolytic sheet, etc. It is less used in furniture because the strength of zinc products is poor. Zinc alloy fittings, such as eccentric buckle, connection point of structural parts, etc. The specific gravity of zinc alloy is slightly lower than that of iron by about 6.8, and its price is between steel and aluminum alloy. Most zinc alloys produce furniture accessories in the form of die casting.

Titanium zirconium alloy: this expensive metal is used in furniture, mostly in the form of electroplating, and is used in high-grade handles, hinges and high-gear exposed connectors or hotel furniture. Its electroplating cost is about 40% higher than that of chromium plating, but its appearance is high-grade similar to that of gold and silver products, with good wear resistance and no rust.

2.3 Cast metal

There are many castings used in furniture hardware products, such as handles and door hinges. At present, there are many production methods of various castings popular in the market, such as precision casting, die casting and casting. The casting materials are brass, stainless steel, zinc-tin alloy and aluminum alloy. Features of casting products: exquisite, special shape, etc. The disadvantage is that the single piece cost is high, and the process cost of different castings is different. From high to low, the cost of precision casting and die casting is from high to low: die casting and precision casting. The disadvantages of casting products are: the production cycle is slightly longer, the products have to go through 2~3 processes to make qualified parts, and the parts have to be decorated by electroplating, polishing, wire drawing, sandblasting and oil spraying according to different requirements.

The advantages and disadvantages of zinc alloy and aluminum alloy are only found in these materials, hoping to help the landlord! Take casting as an example

The hardness of zinc alloy is 65- 140, and the tensile strength is 260-440.

The hardness of aluminum alloy is 45-90, and the tensile strength 120-290.

Generally speaking, zinc alloy has higher hardness and tensile strength than aluminum alloy. The use situation is also different.

Lz, you can look at the mechanical design manual. This distinction is not very useful. There is a big difference between the two. Aluminum alloy has good plasticity, but low strength, but high specific strength, which is suitable for medium-sized structural materials with heavy load. Both aluminum alloy and zinc alloy have good corrosion resistance. The hardness and tensile strength of zinc alloy are higher than that of aluminum alloy, but there is no absolute limit. Aluminum alloys have low density and high hardness, such as 2*** series and 7*** series alloys, which have high hardness and good tensile strength. The main difference between the two is the composition. The main element of zinc alloy is zinc, generally above 85%, and the main element of aluminum alloy is aluminum, generally above 87%. It depends on the type and brand of alloy. A simple understanding is that zinc alloy is an alloy composed of zinc and other elements. Zinc alloy has low melting point, good fluidity (thin-walled parts can be cast), easy to weld, braze and plastic processing, corrosion resistance in dry air and atmosphere, and easy recovery and remelting of residues and wastes; But the creep strength is low, and natural aging will change the size. According to the manufacturing process, zinc alloys can be divided into cast zinc alloys and deformed zinc alloys. The output of cast alloy is much greater than that of deformed alloy. The following table lists the composition, properties and uses of several important zinc alloys.

According to different casting methods, cast zinc alloys can be divided into pressure casting zinc alloys (solidified under external pressure) and gravity casting zinc alloys (solidified only under gravity).

65438-0940 Die-casting zinc alloy used in automobile industry has developed rapidly and its output has increased greatly. About 25% of the total consumption of zinc is used to produce this alloy. The most commonly used alloy system is Zn-Al-Cu-Mg system.

Aluminum can refine the grain size, improve the strength and impact toughness of zinc, and obviously reduce the corrosion of molten zinc to iron containers, avoid welding or adhesion between castings and die-casting molds, so that zinc alloys can be produced in hot chamber die-casting machines and improve productivity. The suitable content of aluminum is about 3.5 ~ 4.3%.

Copper can improve the strength, hardness and corrosion resistance of zinc alloy, but too much copper will reduce the impact toughness and dimensional stability of the alloy after aging. The highest copper content in die-casting zinc alloy is 1.25%, and it is better to control it below 1%. If the casting is large or requires high dimensional stability, an alloy with low copper content should be selected.

Magnesium in die-casting zinc alloy can reduce the corrosion of materials and eliminate the harmful effects of impurities such as lead and tin. The content of magnesium is about 0.0 1 ~ 0.08%, usually not more than 0.05%. If the content is too high, it will be hot brittle and difficult to cast.

Some impurities obviously affect the properties of die-casting zinc alloy. Therefore, the contents of impurities such as iron, lead, cadmium and tin are extremely strictly limited, and their upper limits are 0.005%, 0.004%, 0.003% and 0.02% respectively. Therefore, the raw material of die-casting zinc alloy should be high-purity zinc with purity greater than 99.99%.

Gravity casting zinc alloy can be cast by sand mold, gypsum mold or hard mold. This zinc alloy not only has the characteristics of common die-casting zinc alloy, but also has high strength and good castability. The cooling rate has no obvious effect on the mechanical properties, and the residue and waste can be recycled. The gate is simple, insensitive to overheating and remelting, with small shrinkage and few pores. It can be electroplated and finished by conventional methods.

Besides traditional varieties, wrought zinc alloys used in wrought zinc alloy industry include Zn- 1Cu-0. 1Ti and Zn-22Al alloys. After the former alloy is rolled, the dispersed particles of TiZn 15 intermetallic compound are arranged in rows along the rolling direction, which can hinder the grain boundary movement, so the creep strength can be significantly improved. This zinc alloy has fine grains and good low temperature plasticity. Besides the products produced by general forming methods, it can also be rolled into profiles with complex shapes. Zn-22Al alloy has superplasticity under certain conditions.