How to read famous books, intensive reading or extensive reading?

I'd like to share Wang's Extensive Reading and Intensive Reading for you, hoping it will help:

Tao Yuanming said in the biography of Mr. Wuliu: "You don't want to know much if you study hard." I always thought it was his self-mockery, that is, he liked reading but didn't really understand it. Later, I learned that this is a way of reading.

As far as reading methods are concerned, there seem to be two kinds. One is intensive reading and learning, trying to understand. China's traditional scholarship rejected this method. Scholars' annotation, preaching and summary of the Thirteen Classics, or textual research on the form, sound, meaning or subtle meaning, are the products of this reading method. Traditional education is to implement this reading method, which is called "reading a book a hundred times, and its significance is self-evident" and so on. It should be said that this is one of the most basic and important reading methods, and it is the same today. The other is extensive reading and browsing, which meets the needs of a small range and does not require a good solution. This reading method is often criticized by traditional academics and traditional education, and it is considered as a lazy way and an unhealthy style of study. In fact, this is a narrow view, which is a great constraint and obstacle to academic development.

Zhuang Ziyun: "Life is limited and knowledge is limited. Is it not dangerous to have restrictions? " It is said that human life is limited and knowledge is infinite. Isn't it dangerous to deal with infinite knowledge with limited life? Indeed, if only intensive reading, a person can't read many books in his life, so the ancients have the sigh of "poor classics" Knowledge, whether natural science or humanities, as a culture, is an organic system. It is of course important for us to know the specific contents or subsystems, and it is also essential to understand the relevant contents, that is, the relationship between subsystems, the relationship between subsystems and parent systems, and the relationship between parent systems and larger parent systems. The latter often constitutes a deeper understanding of the former. If the content of the former is overwhelming, then the content of the latter is even more vast. The former can be intensively read, while the latter can only be extensively read. Intensive readers take its quality, and extensive readers take its quantity. They are isomorphic and form a more reasonable knowledge structure.

In my opinion, extensive reading is "extensive" because it takes a lot of reading to be extensive; Second, different kinds of knowledge can be read to different degrees, some have a little knowledge, and some are even less than superficial, so they can only be generalized. For example, when reading Einstein's Theory of Relativity, humanities and social workers can only understand its conclusion, but can't understand the derivation process of its formula. But this kind of extensive reading and ignorance, after all, constructs something other than professional knowledge in our knowledge structure, or the background of professional knowledge, or the directory index of knowledge related to professional knowledge. Then, it is possible for you to think about professional problems under this knowledge background, that is, multi-angle, multi-level and multi-disciplinary thinking. This multi-disciplinary thinking may be conscious or subconscious. Once the specific knowledge of other subjects is really needed in the research, you can also learn related books and contents, that is, rumination, because the directory index of related subject knowledge has been reserved in the knowledge structure. This time it is intensive reading, and it is intensive reading to apply what you have learned.

One difference between Chinese and western traditional education is that China education is intensive reading under the background of intensive reading, while western education is intensive reading under the background of extensive reading. Generally speaking, students in China's basic education stage have a solid grasp of basic knowledge, but in the university and graduate stage, their innovation ability is not strong enough because of their single or narrow knowledge. Western education is the opposite. Today, we advocate quality education and the talent training mode of "broad caliber and thick foundation", which is largely based on this understanding. I study the history of China, but I have extensive interests in philosophy, economics, sociology, politics, natural science and natural science methodology. Intensive reading, needless to say; Extensive reading, some books have been read by leaps and bounds, that is, some books only read the preface and postscript, and some books even only browse the title and catalogue. It also studies ancient political history, while modern political history is historical theory and philosophy. There are also occasional innovative ideas in academic research. I think this is largely due to the alternate use of two reading methods.

For me, reading is 30% for the needs of occupation or work, and 70% for recreation. The former is undoubtedly intensive reading, the latter is often extensive reading. Reading leisure books in extensive reading is really a great enjoyment of life. Idle readers have no burden, no purpose, only interest and only leisure, which is also called reading. Reading constitutes an important part of my lifestyle, even my lifestyle.