Explore the history of Changzhou and experience the great changes in Dragon City. 100 extra points for good! Urgent~

Okay, I'll look for it for a long time (but I learned about Changzhou by the way, thank you)

1. Minmin Alley

Changzhou is a famous water town in the south of the Yangtze River. One of the historical towns, it has a history of more than 2,500 years. The city is rich in relics from various historical periods. Qingguo Lane is the best-preserved and most famous ancient street in Changzhou, and it is the essence of Changzhou’s overall historical style. It not only retains some historical relics from different historical periods, but also retains simple and beautiful traditional buildings and former residences of celebrities. In addition, it is adjacent to the ancient canal, giving it the charm of a Jiangnan water town. It is a rare Feng Shui treasure land in Changzhou.

Qingguo Lane is located in the south-central part of the old city of Changzhou, with Zhuochu Bridge on Heping Road to the east, South Street of the Commercial Center to the west, and the moat to the south. In addition to the traditional Ming and Qing Dynasty residences built with blue bricks on both sides of the lane, there are also a large number of former residences of celebrities with high historical and cultural value, such as the former residence of patriotic industrialist Liu Guojun, the former residence of language master Zhao Yuanren, etc. This is the only gathering place for famous families in Changzhou.

2. Food culture

Changzhou snacks have both local traditional characteristics and the flavors of Jiangsu and Zhejiang. They use a wide range of ingredients, with fillings ranging from salty to sweet, meat to vegetarian. Fine and prestigious.

Xiaolongbao with crab was first created by Wanhua Teahouse on the south side of Xiaoheyan pontoon during the Daoguang period of the Qing Dynasty. Its characteristics: the crab oil is golden and shiny, fat but not greasy, the crab fragrance is fragrant, the juice is delicious, the skin is thin and strong, the filling is tender and refreshing, and it is delicious when served with balsamic vinegar and shredded ginger.

Changzhou Cannabis Cake is a large oval-shaped sesame cake with a unique taste and flavor. It is also the favorite traditional home-cooked food of Changzhou people. During production, raw materials such as refined white flour, high-quality sesame seeds, white sugar, and refined salt are selected and refined through multiple processes such as dough mixing, stirring, kneading, stuffing, shaping, and baking. There are two flavors, salty and sweet, for buyers to choose from. Once the qualified sesame cake comes out of the oven, it will have a rich and tangy aroma, a yellow color but not burnt, moderate salty and sweet but not greasy, crispy and delicious but not crispy, and good color, aroma and taste. In the past, Changzhou hemp cakes were mostly eaten by locals as breakfast. Nowadays, after reform and innovation, careful packaging, beautiful appearance and easy to carry, it has become a must-have gift for people to visit relatives and friends.

Crab shell yolk Crab shell yolk is a local snack in Changzhou, commonly known as small hemp cake. It is often paired with hemp cake as a gift. There are four kinds of fillings: shepherd's purse, scallion oil, sugar, and bright oil bean paste. Its characteristics: shaped like a crab shell, golden in color, oily but not greasy, crispy and fluffy, sweet and mellow sugar filling, fresh salty filling.

Chicken soup, vegetable and meat wontons Chicken soup, vegetable and meat wontons are a specialty snack in Changzhou with a history of more than 40 years. Its characteristics: smooth skin, fragrant filling, fat but not greasy, delicious taste.

Jiu Niang Yuanxiao Jiu Niang Yuanxiao is one of the specialty snacks in Changzhou. Folks have the custom of eating Yuanxiao during the Spring Festival. More than 100 years ago, Pei Yugao added fermented glutinous rice to the traditional Lantern Festival and created the fermented glutinous rice dumpling. Its characteristics: the dough is like jade grains, the aroma of wine is overflowing, the flavor is unique, and it is sweet and refreshing.

Silver Noodles Silver Noodles are a specialty variety of Changzhou with a history of more than 30 years. The ingredients are exquisite and the operation process is strict. It has the characteristics of noodles as thin as silk, white as silver in color, soft and smooth, rich in toughness, and not mushy when cooked. It is one of the varieties collected in "Chinese Snacks Book".

Sesame Candy Changzhou sesame candy has a long history and unique flavor. It is said that as early as the Tang Dynasty, local people began to use maltose and sesame to produce a kind of sesame candy that looks like sesame balls, called sesame balls. By the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, war smoke was everywhere, and the Jin soldiers invaded the south on a large scale. Kang Wang Zhao Gou fled south from Bianliang, the capital, and settled south of the Yangtze River. He blindly compromised and sued for peace, not wanting to regain the lost territory in the north. The people were very angry about this. At that time, someone once wrote a poem saying: "Beyond the mountains, there are towers outside the mountains, when will the singing and dancing in the West Lake stop? The warm wind makes the tourists drunk, and they call Hangzhou Bianzhou!" to vent their dissatisfaction. The people in the Changwu area took another form to express their desire to resist the Jin Dynasty and regain their lost land.

They transformed the spherical sesame dough candy into a cylindrical shape like a firecracker and gave it to King Kang to inspire his courage to fight against the Jin Dynasty and restore the country. It is unknown whether King Kang Zhaogou was inspired and gained courage from it. However, Changzhou sesame candy was made into a cylindrical shape and continues to this day. Changzhou sesame candy has carefully selected ingredients and exquisite production. It is required that the sesame seeds are fully covered without exposing the skin, and both ends are sealed so that the filling does not leak out. The sugar layer is porous but not stiff, the taste is sweet and crispy and does not stick to the teeth, the color is bright and uniform, the thickness is about the same length, and a pound is exactly 20 sticks. It is indeed a good gift for home travel and as a gift to relatives and friends.

Dried radish People who have been to Changzhou will say: "There is a strange thing in Changzhou. Dried radish is used as a side dish with wine." Authentic Changzhou dried radish is indeed different from dried radish elsewhere. It is produced in Xinzha outside the west gate of Changzhou. It is made from sweet and tender solid carrots, which are washed and cut into strips, dried appropriately, then added with an appropriate amount of salt, sugar and various auxiliary ingredients, and then carefully pickled. Due to the excellent selection of ingredients, a unique pickling process is used, and it is paired with unique seasonings. Therefore, Changzhou dried radish is yellow in color with red inside, salty but not salty, salty but slightly sweet, crispy but not spicy, and very delicious. Moreover, it is cheap, good quality and easy to carry. It is not only a side dish for people to eat, but also a snack for drinking and after dinner. If you buy authentic Changzhou products, customers will definitely be in for a treat.

Shrimp cakes have a history of nearly 200 years. Qing Dynasty writer Yuan Mei's "Suiyuan Food List" contains: "Shrimp cakes, raw shrimp meat, green onions, salt, pepper, a little liqueur shank, add water to make noodles, and sesame oil to sear it through." It is golden in color, crispy on the outside and soft on the inside. , fresh and delicious.

After the Taiping Army captured Changzhou in the 10th year of Xianfeng Period, a shortbread cake shaped like a horseshoe appeared among the people, which was intended to praise the achievements of the Taiping Army. Water chestnut cake is made from refined white flour, cotton sugar, soybean oil and other raw materials, and is baked in a traditional furnace. Golden in color, sweet and crispy. It has been included in "Chinese Famous Dishes Recipes".

Three delicacies wontons are stuffed with shrimp, fresh herring and fresh pork, so they are called "three delicacies". The wonton wrappers are rolled with refined white flour mixed with egg white, and the wonton soup is made from fresh hens simmered into chicken soup. The wonton skin is thin and smooth, the filling is fresh and tender, and the soup is clear and delicious.

Elan Vegetarian Ham Elan Vegetarian Ham was founded in 1932 and is famous for its vegetarian snacks. Yilong vegetarian ham is a traditional specialty food of Changzhou Yilong vegetarian restaurant. This product is made from fine materials, advanced formula, scientific production process, supplemented by a variety of natural precious spices and natural pigments. This product is fragrant and fresh, tough and soft, delicious and refreshing. Cut into thin slices and drizzled with sesame oil, it looks like ham meat. It is a delicacy to go with meals, drinks, and travel, and is also a good gift for relatives and friends. In 1989, it won the "Golden Tripod" Award for high-quality food from the Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China and is one of the top ten famous restaurants in Changzhou.

Tianmu Lake Casserole Fish Head Tianmu Lake Casserole Fish Head: Founded in Tianmu Lake Hotel in Jiangsu Province, it has been carefully cooked by Zhu Shuncai, a famous chef in Jiangsu Province for nearly 30 years. It is now known as the most popular fish head in Jiangsu Province. The best traditional dishes have become a wonder in the world of Chinese food. When cooking Tianmu Lake casserole fish head, we use large silver carp heads naturally grown in the water body of Tianmu Lake as raw materials, pure natural Tianmu Lake water as the soup base, and processed with unique cooking techniques. Due to the beautiful scenery of Tianmu Lake, it is not only The green vegetation on the surrounding mountains filters the lake water, and the bottom of the lake is sandy rather than silt. This unique natural environment makes the water of Tianmu Lake clear, sweet, and spotless, so the fish growing in it have no earthy smell. Therefore, Tianmu Lake Casserole Fish Head is highly praised by food lovers for its excellent quality of "fresh but not fishy, ??fat but not greasy".

Douzhai Cake: A kind of food made from white bird cowpea, the size of a coin. It is used as a vegetarian dish for ancestor worship in Changzhou area, so it is called Douzhai Cake. It is a famous local dish unique to Changzhou. Qianqian Pancake: A large-shaped Douzhai Pancake, which can be cooked with minced meat in the middle. It is a unique local product of Changzhou. Douzhai cake is a bean product made from white bird cowpea. Its production process is only spread in Changzhou area. It is difficult to find it outside Changzhou. Of course, the term Douzhai cake was invented by Changzhou people. It is a local Authentic Changzhou dialect. According to legend, Emperor Qianlong visited Changzhou six times before and after he went to the south of the Yangtze River. He once tasted Douzhai cake at the home of Qian Weicheng, the number one scholar in Changzhou, and thought it had a unique flavor.

Later, the emperor returned to the palace in the capital and missed Changzhou Douzhai Pancakes. However, the imperial chef in the palace could not make Changzhou Douzhai Pancakes.

3. Folk crafts:

Root carving, gold altar paper carving, comb grate, random needle embroidery, Han painting brick screen carving, and green bamboo carving.

4 Scenic Spots

Tianning Temple

Known as "the first jungle in the southeast"; Hongmei Pavilion, Dongpo Inkstone Washing Pool, Tenghua Old Hall, Tang Jingchuan Tomb , Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Protector's Mansion ruins, Wedun Village ruins, Qu Qiubai Memorial Hall, Spring and Autumn Yancheng ruins, Nantian Ning Pagoda Chao Wenbi Pagoda, Su Dongpo Zhou Pavilion in the Northern Song Dynasty, Liyang Wu Chu Farming Cultural Park, Tianmu Lake Taigong Mountain, Changzhou Asia Film and Television City, Nanshan Bamboo Sea, South Street, Dongpo Park, Chinese Ape Museum, Jiji Lane, Changzhou Hengshanqiao Town, Jingchuan Park, Gaojing Garden, Orchid Garden, Jinyuan, Wujin Helu City, Zhang Tailei's former residence, Lushu Park, Lai Mengdu International Business District, Qingguo Lane, Front and Back North Bank, New Fourth Army Jiangnan Headquarters, Jintan Longshan Tower, Jintan Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Dai Wangfu, Hengshan Bailong Temple, Yilin Garden, Gulong Mountain, Liyang Nanyang Bridge, Longtan Forest Park, Yanling Road, Yanghu Square, Gehu Genyi Museum, Hua Luogeng Memorial Hall, Zhang Tailei’s former residence, Shi Liang’s former residence, Zhao Yi’s former residence, Changzhou Museum, Taihu Bay Tourist Resort. In recent years, Changzhou has accelerated the development of tourism resources and launched the Chinese Dinosaur Park, Liyang Tianmu Lake Tourist Resort, Jintan Maoshan Scenic Area, etc. The thousand-year-old Tianning Temple is a key protected temple in my country and a cultural relic protection unit in Jiangsu Province. It is known as the "No. 1 Jungle in Southeast". It was built in the Yonghui period of the Tang Dynasty (650-655) and has a history of more than 1,300 years. The founder of Tianning Temple was Zen Master Farong. Emperor Qianlong visited Tianning Temple three times to burn incense and inscribed a plaque with "Longcheng Xiangjiao" on the temple. and couplets. The place is bustling with incense and tourists all day long. It is now a nationally protected temple. There are 497 rooms in Tianning Temple with eight halls, twenty-five halls, twenty-fourth floors, three rooms, and two pavilions, with a total area of ??more than 110 acres. The reason why Tianning Temple is called Jungle is that it is famous at home and abroad because of its high hall, numerous Buddha statues and monks. Tianning Temple mainly consists of Tianwang Hall, Luohan Hall, Daxiong Hall, Guanyin, Jade Buddha Hall, Release Pond and other scenic spots. (Transportation: Take bus 11 or 30 from the train station.)

Chinese Dinosaur Park

It is the first phase of the development of Changzhou Modern Tourism and Leisure Zone. The total area of ??the Chinese Dinosaur Park is 14,000 square meters. Square meters, the highest point of the dome is 36 meters, and the highest point of the dragon head is 71 meters. With its grand space and unique architectural language, it has become a landmark building in Changzhou tourism.

The Chinese Dinosaur Museum has five main halls and six auxiliary halls. Each hall is divided and combined through logical routes and related to each other. The history of biological evolution is used as the design background to highlight the history of dinosaurs. The main conceptual line of survival, reproduction, evolution and destruction reveals the profound theme that life and the environment are interdependent and humans must protect the ecological environment.

Use scene creation techniques to recreate the unique living environment of the Mesozoic Era with splashing waterfalls, cold rocks, waterless oceans, dense jungles, primitive caves, etc. The fossil display uses different techniques, through high-tech means and the use of sound and light, combined with film and television imaging, cartoon animation, dinosaur replicas, online games and various technological productions, making the Chinese Dinosaur Museum break through the traditional "museum" The concept has become a shocking new modern dinosaur museum that integrates museum, science popularization, viewing, entertainment and participation.

Around the Dinosaur Hall in the park, there are three-dimensional mazes through the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods, the Triassic Sound Field Magic Cave, Dinosaur Mountain Adventure, Desert Beach Rafting, dynamic three-dimensional movies, high-altitude zip lines, Rocket Man, More than 20 exciting and dynamic entertainment projects, such as super trapeze, hot air balloon lift, simulated rock climbing, couples bicycle, lawn bowls, earthquake disk, racecourse, parent-child park and water bicycle, make tourists relax and linger. (Transportation: Take bus 29 from the train station or bus 302 from South Street.)

Nanshan Bamboo Sea

Nanshan Bamboo Sea Ecological Tourism Area has a pleasant environment, with mountains and rivers complementing each other, and the scenery is like The poem is picturesque, and there is no trace of pollution for dozens of miles.

Walking in the bamboo sea, you can look up into the distance and you will see endless moso bamboo leaning against the mountains and boulders, with various shapes, powerful shapes and sounds, and unique taste; thousand-year-old pines and towering ancient trees, tall and straight, rare and magical; bamboo rafts in the mirror lake in the mountains, gurgling streams in Shandong and various shapes The unique bamboo and wood huts form a unique artistic conception of rustic, primitive, primitive and natural. There are also cultural and historical sites such as Xianshantou, Jinniuling, Guodi Mountain, and Ancient Palace Road in folklore, which add to the mystery of the Nanshan Bamboo Sea. Attractions now open to the public include: Moon Reflection on Dam Embankment, Singing on Bamboo Rafts, Wild Zoos, snake art museums, mountain homes, night camps, towering ancient trees, thousand-year-old pines, etc. (Transportation: Take the minibus from Liyang Bus Terminal to Lijiayuan and get off at the entrance of the scenic spot. The bus runs every 15 minutes and the journey takes 1 hour.)

Tianmu Lake

Located in Liyang City Eight kilometers south, there are two large national-level reservoirs, Shahe and Daxi. They are named "Tianmu Lake" because they belong to the remnants of Tianmu Mountain. The development and construction of Tianmu Lake began in 1992. It is a provincial tourist resort integrating forest vacation, agricultural tourism, environmental protection and lake entertainment. At present, tourist attractions such as Tianmu Lake, Huli Mountain Park, Baoen Temple, Zhuangyuan Pavilion, Shooting City, Ocean World, and Water Park have been built in Yangshan Natural Park. The lake is surrounded by mountains, the lake is clear, and there are fields painted like a chessboard. The densely scattered tea gardens are full of pictures of pure natural pastoral scenery. The lakeshore is winding, and the natural scenery and artificial embellishments complement each other. In the scenic area, there are ancient and famous trees, exotic flowers and plants, and various postures. Wild boars, hares, pheasants, wild ducks and other wild animals inhabit and breed, creating a natural interest of its own. Mountains, water, forests, birds, and animals coexist and prosper, forming a unique ecological picture of nature.

The scenic area mainly includes landscape gardens, Hydrangea Island, Zhuangyuan Pavilion, Bird Island, Taigong Mountain, Baoen Temple and other scenic spots.

Transportation: Changzhou Bus Station has a one-day tour bus that goes directly to Tianmu Lake Scenic Area on weekends; in Liyang City, you can take bus No. 9 directly to the scenic spot; drive from Liyang Bus Terminal along Provincial Highway 241 It’s about 8 kilometers to Tianmu Lake Scenic Area.

Yancheng Wildlife Park

Jiangsu Yancheng Wildlife World is located in the beautiful and rich Golden Triangle of the Yangtze River - the central urban area of ??Wujin, Changzhou City, close to the country with the reputation of "China's No. 1 Water City" The "Spring and Autumn Yancheng Site", a key cultural relic protection unit, is 8 kilometers away from Changzhou City. The zoo is a large-scale comprehensive theme park featuring the ecological free-range breeding of wild animals, integrating wild animal viewing, leisure and entertainment, popular science education and ancient culture display. The first phase of the project covers an area of ??2,000 acres, with a total investment of 500 million yuan. It was officially completed and opened to the outside world on October 1, 2007. There are nearly 10,000 rare and endangered wild animals from all over the world on display in the park, with more than 200 species. So far, it is the only large-scale wildlife park in Jiangsu Province.

Dongpo Park

Dongpo Park (Sizhou Pavilion) is located in the east of Changzhou City. It was formerly known as Dongjiao Park and covers an area of ??2.667 hectares. It is a combination of historical sites and natural scenery. Jiangnan gardens. During the Southern Song Dynasty, the citizens of Changzhou built the "Changzhou Pavilion" to commemorate Su Dongpo, the great writer of the Northern Song Dynasty, who came to Changzhou and parked his boat here. When Emperors Kangxi and Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty visited the south, they built the Wanshou Pavilion and rebuilt the Sizhou Pavilion here. The original name of the Sizhou Pavilion site was Wencheng Dam. It is said that Changzhou has always been a gathering of humanities. In order to prevent Changzhou's talents from flowing eastward, a dam was built on the ancient canal to make the river flow eastward around a big bend. Su Dongpo visited Changzhou eleven times and finally died in Changzhou. But he actually only docked here twice. The first time was in 1073, when he was traveling from Hangzhou to Zhenjiang via Changzhou. He once sailed alone outside the city in the eastern suburbs on New Year's Eve, and wrote a poem "Staying Outside Changzhou City on New Year's Eve". The other time was when he returned from Hainan in 1101 and lived in Sun's Mansion at Qiaotou, Gutang. One day when he was ill, the weather was sultry and hot. In order to "get a quick wind and live water", he took a boat trip on the canal in the middle of the night to wash away the stagnation caused by the illness. And the boat is tied to this point in the east. At this time, the crowds on both sides of the bank were blocked, and the whole city was in a state of shock.

5. Humanistic care

Since ancient times, Changzhou has had outstanding people and famous people.

There are Ji Zha, a famous politician and diplomat in the Spring and Autumn Period, Xiao Tong, the compiler of "Selected Works of Zhaoming", Chen Ji, who presided over the compilation of "Yongle Dadian", Duan Yucai, a linguist and Gong Zizhen, a thinker in the Qing Dynasty. From the beginning of the Sui and Tang Dynasties to the end of the Qing Dynasty, China produced 9 top scholars and 1,546 Jinshi.

From modern times to the present day, Li Baojia (Li Boyuan), the author of "The Appearance of Officialdom", the "Three Heroes of Changzhou" Qu Qiubai, Zhang Tailei, Yun Daiying, Li Gongpu, Shi Liang and other political leaders and revolutionaries among the "Seven Gentlemen" Reflected in the annals of history; industrialists Sheng Xuanhuai and Liu Guojun, linguist Zhao Yuanren, mathematician Hua Luogeng, medical scientist Wu Jieping, calligraphy and painting master Liu Haisu, etc. are famous at home and abroad. Currently, there are 56 Changzhou academicians in the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Engineering. Ranked 4th in the country.

With Su Shi, the relationship between Su Dongpo and Changzhou Yixing can be traced back to the second year of Jiayou reign of Emperor Renzong of the Song Dynasty.

That year Su Dongpo went to Beijing to take the exam and passed the imperial examination. At a gathering of fellow students, sitting at the table with him were Uncle Jiang Ying (Zhiqi) and Shan Xi from Yixing County, Changzhou Prefecture, and Hu Zongfu from Wujin County. Su Dongpo learned about the beautiful scenery of Jiangnan from the introductions of Jiang Zhiqi, Shan Xi, and Hu Zongfu. He was fascinated by the beautiful scenery of Jiangnan. In the drunkenness, they made a "chicken and millet agreement" to live in Yixing, Changzhou. However, due to his youth and vigor, Su Dongpo thought that he had not yet realized his ambitions, so it was just a temporary interest at that time and he was not very serious. This can be seen from the harmonious poem between Su Dongpo and Jiang Zhiqi:

The moonlight scares the magpies before they set their branches, and a floating shadow follows them.

The autumn breeze on the river is infinitely beautiful, and the dream of spring is not long in the pillow.

Smell the flowers and plants in Qionglin in the prelude, and the paintings of streams and mountains refer to the later period.

How dare you make an appointment with chickens and millet? We need to discuss thoughts in the Yutang and Golden Palace.

Later, Su Dongpo got acquainted with Qian Gongfu, Qian Jiming (Shixiong) and his son, Hu Renxiu, the elder of Baoen Temple in Changzhou, and Teng Yuanfa (Dadao), Shao Minzhan, Jiang Gongyu, etc. in Yixing. Old friend.

Su Dongpo was demoted to Huangzhou for five years because of the "Wutai Poetry Case". It was not until the seventh year of Yuanfeng that he was pardoned. The political ups and downs made him want to retire to the countryside and work hard to support himself. Changzhou's beautiful and fertile land, mild and humid climate, and irreplaceable friends made him nostalgic, and he decided to ask the court to let him stay in Changzhou.

He twice begged the court to allow him to live in Changzhou. He wrote in "Begging for Residence in Changzhou": "...but the allowance has been exhausted and there is no way to leave the mainland, and there is no other land in Ruzhou to make a living. The worries of dogs and horses are the most urgent, and the most urgent thing is hunger and cold.... I have thin land. In Yixing County, Changzhou, he was given rice porridge, and he was granted the right to live in Changzhou."

When he learned that the imperial court allowed him to live in Changzhou, he cried with joy and sang: "Come back." Come, the clear stream has no bottom, and there are thousands of tall mountains on it; on the east bank of the painting building, the sky is far away and the sunset is many."

On May 22, in the eighth year of Yuanfeng, Su Dongpo led his family to the Changzhou exile. After many twists and turns, Su Dongpo finally returned to the land he had longed for. He traveled all over the city of Changzhou. His poems were left in Taiping Temple and Baoen Temple: "The Buddha in the six-flowered grape forest, the immortal on the nine-section calamus stone; How is it like the iron stick on the east slope, which suddenly scares away the wild fox Zen." "The jasper bowl is filled with red agate, and the well is beautiful. Water nourishes calamus. I also know that the Dharma offerings are endless. I wonder if the Zen master is satisfied."

Throughout his life, Su Dongpo formed an indissoluble bond with Changzhou. When Su Dongpo was just starting out and passed the national examination, he became friends with many fellow candidates from Changzhou. They showed Su Dongpo a splendid scenery of the south of the Yangtze River, which made him make a "chicken and millet agreement" with his friends. . Although there was an oath to settle down, it was said without careful consideration. When Su Dongpo actually arrived in the Changzhou area, he could appreciate the charm of the water town and mountains, and he was deeply attracted. When he left Huangzhou in middle age, Su Dongpo twice begged to live in Changzhou, and finally got his wish. From then on, he formed an indissoluble bond with Changzhou. Even during the Yuanyou period, when he was politically very popular, he made an agreement with Hu Zongyu (Wanfu), a minister from Changzhou: "A certain person has lived in Piling and has an agreement with Wanfu in Luli.

On his way back to the north, there were people who enthusiastically tried to persuade him to stay, and some even provided him with free accommodation, but he always said firmly: "But the fate is in the southeast!" "He finally returned to Changzhou, where he had been dreaming. Finally, he fulfilled his long-cherished wish in his "Elegy" written in memory of Qian Gongfu in Changzhou in the seventh year of Xining: "To the south of the river, to the north of Zhenze. I have traveled far and wide without returning, and I will never stop this. ”

6. The charm of Wu dialect

A brief overview of Changzhou dialect

In the past more than a thousand years, Changzhou Prefecture, as the central city in the western part of the Taihu Lake Basin in the south of the Yangtze River, It has had a significant impact on the formation and development of regional culture in the northwest of Taihu Lake. Although the historical and political concept of Changzhou Prefecture has disappeared, the Changzhou dialect is still an important historical witness of Changzhou Prefecture culture.

Changzhou Pian Wu dialect (Piling Xiao Pian) is the core dialect in the northwest of Taihu dialect of Wu dialect. It covers the area west and north of Taihu Lake, east of Maoshan, west of Wuxi and below Yangzhong along the Yangtze River. Its important dialect points are Changzhou (Wujin), Yixing, Jiangyin (West), Liyang, (old) Jintan, Zhangjiagang (Part 1), Gaochun (Part 1), Jingjiang (most part), Nantong (small part) and other sub-dialect points.

Early before the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the indigenous dialects of Changzhou probably belonged to the Baiyue type language family. With the spread of Central Plains culture to the south of the Yangtze River, by the Spring and Autumn Period, the Central Plains dialect from the upper-class tribes of the Zhou Dynasty and the Baiyue dialect of the Jiangnan indigenous people. Commonly used in the Changzhou area. With the continuous migration of northern residents to the south, the Shuangyu phenomenon in the Taihu area has become increasingly common, that is, a hybrid non-pure Chinese with Baiyue characteristics in pronunciation and word order. Chu's conquest of the Wuyue area. It brought the ancient Chu language, which merged with the ancient Baiyue language to form the Jiangdong dialect, the common ancestor of modern southern dialects. Since then, Chinese has entered the ancient Baiyue language areas, including Changzhou, in large numbers in the form of Chu dialect. "Ancient Wu dialect".

In history, there were frequent wars in the north, and people from the Central Plains migrated southward across the Yangtze River several times. The Wu dialect area gradually incorporated a large number of Central Plains cultural factors. The ancient Wu dialect in Ningzhen (Nanjing, Zhenjiang) was replaced by the Central Plains dialect (forming the later Jianghuai dialect). The responsibility of the northern frontier of Wu dialect was assumed by Changzhou Prefecture. Therefore, it was probably the Changzhou Prefecture area. Dialects were most eroded by the Jianghuai dialect (Mandarin) among the Wu dialects.

During the "Changmao" rebellion, Changzhou Prefecture and its surrounding areas lost a large number of people, including Changzhou along the Yangtze River and Jinliyi Mountains. Shaojiang North was flooded with immigrants, forming some "dialect islands".

After liberation, the flow of people became more active and frequent. Changzhou dialects were severely impacted by Mandarin, and their local flavor was gradually diluted.

The unique characteristics of Changzhou Pian dialect

I will not go into details about the same linguistic phenomena as other areas of Wu dialect. I will mainly talk about the unique linguistic characteristics of Changzhou Pian dialect.

(1) "Lao" is an iconic word unique to Changzhou Pian dialect

"Lao" is used very frequently in Changzhou Pian dialect and can appear multiple times in a sentence, such as "Jie Lao". "Red guy wood is happy guy". "Lao" is usually used after nouns, verbs and adjectives to express different grammatical functions. Some are equivalent to the structural particle "de", such as: lao, iron lao, active lao, red lao , sweet guy, little guy (child), etc.; some express the expected colors that emphasize identification, such as: good guy, happy guy, happy guy, sea guy (a lot), etc.; some express doubtful expectations, such as: 嗲老 (what thing), real guy or fake guy; "guo" is still a morpheme that constitutes a demonstrative pronoun: Ji Lao (like this), Ge Lao (like that). What's more interesting is that it can be used after the same word to express different grammatical meanings: "Gege (that) sweet guy, magao, really sweet guy." "Lao" is also used together with "lie" to express the completion of a situation or action. , such as "Apple red guy", "He can swim guy".

(2) "Ze", "gelie", "Luo", "Sha", etc. are modal particles unique to Changzhou dialect

"Ze" is used in the verb after the min , equivalent to "了" in Mandarin, some indicate that the action has been completed, such as "If I buy something, I will enjoy it", "If I attend it, it will be a lesson"; some indicate that the action is continuing, such as "I keep making noises, "If you make a fuss, you will have a headache", "If two people are still sitting, don't move"; some also have the function of future meaning to express actions, such as "Go and put on clothes, if you don't want to receive, then shade". And when "ze" is used with a time word that expresses the future, it expresses the past in future time. Based on the present, it indicates the relative past of future time. For example, "I will help you buy it when I go to court later."

The words "gelie" and "luo" are usually used at the end of a sentence to indicate the completion of an action, which is equivalent to "了". And "Luo" can be used together with "Gelie" and "Laolie". Such as "He escaped from the grid/Lao Lie". "Luo" is used after the verb, which is equivalent to "drop" to express the result of the action, and "gelie" is equivalent to "to" to complete the action.

"Sha" is used after an adjective. It serves as a modal particle to modify the adjective and has no specific meaning. Such as "I'm so angry".

In addition to the above words, there is another body temperature pronoun unique to Changzhou Pian dialect, which is "嗲(地)", such as "嗲thing", which means "something".

3. Traces of Changzhou dialect moving closer to Mandarin

In the past century, on the basis of continuous integration of surrounding dialects and foreign cultures, Changzhou dialect has taken a huge step closer to Mandarin. With such a big pace, many old Changzhou people exclaimed the difference between "new Changzhou dialect" and "old Changzhou dialect". So, in what ways does the modern Changzhou dialect approach Mandarin?

(1) The phenomenon of devoicing of initial consonants

Among the older generation of Changzhou people (over 60 years old), the three categories of fully voiced, sub-voiced and fully voiced are distinct. Strong, when pronouncing voiced sounds, the vocal cords vibrate more obviously. But in middle-aged people (forties or fifties), voiced sounds have become devoiced, and the so-called voiced sound flow phenomenon occurs. Especially among young people, the perception of voiced sounds is already blurred.

(2) Changes in vowels

In recent years, the endings of the throat stops in Changzhou dialect have been closed and relaxed, and the rhymes have become gentler. Among the elderly Changzhou people, the throat obstruction is obvious and clean when pronouncing these sounds, while among the young people, the throat obstruction is looser. Words such as "Jie, Shuo, Di, Qi, Ju, Ji, Su, Enemy, Xi, Ju" are not as hasty as the old Changzhou dialect when spoken by young people.

(3) The change of syllables is mainly reflected in the gradual disappearance of the sharp sound

The sharp sounds of the old Changzhou dialect are very clear, such as siang (siang) has a sharp sound, and xiang (xiang) has a sharp sound. It’s Tuanyin, never confused. Nowadays, except for the older generation of Changzhou people who can still hear it, the vast majority of young and middle-aged people no longer distinguish the sharp tuan sound.

(4) The word order of the group of words gradually moves closer to Mandarin

In the old Changzhou dialect, "moon" means "bright moon", "turn" means "turn", and "lively" It means "noisy", "like" means "joy", etc. Nowadays, the spoken language of young and middle-aged people in Changzhou is basically consistent with Mandarin.

(5) The word order of sentences gradually moves closer to Mandarin

In old Changzhou dialect, there is often a word order like "I gave him two apples", and now many young Changzhou people They all tend to follow the Mandarin word order of "I picked him two apples". For another example, we used to say "Shanghai is coming soon", but now it is gradually replaced by the word order "Shanghai is coming soon".

(6) Some local colorful and expressive words are gradually disappearing

For example, in the old Changzhou dialect, words such as "green and green", "啀怷怷" (Walking unsteadily)", "Daoguaishuijie (doing things neatly)", "Xunshuo Sanhua (looking for something to say when I have nothing to say)", "Tang Pozi", "Boshangong (hourly worker)", "Poison (hate)" Vocabulary words with unique characteristics of Changzhou Pianwu dialect, such as , "foot (leg)", have gradually faded out of the stage of spoken language use.

(7) The reduction of the affix "tou"

In the old Changzhou dialect, there were many "tou" words in the vocabulary. Now, some words that originally had the affix "tou" are slowly becoming more common. Things have changed. For example, " tall " becomes " 子 ", " big guy " becomes " big fat man ", " 夜头 " becomes " 夜里" and so on.

(8) There are some words in Changzhou Pian dialect that are close to Mandarin but different from other Wu dialects

In Changzhou Pian dialect, there are some words with Mandarin color that were used earlier Vocabulary, such as "pot", "foot basin", "wearing clothes", "things", "talking", "kneeling", etc. In other places in Wu dialect, it is generally said as "wok", "foot bucket", "wearing clothes", "Things", "gossip", and "载" are also examples of words that often appear in the Changzhou dialect, such as "lagui (strange)" and "fake momlagui (pretentious)", which have a strong Jianghuai dialect. Color.