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Scientific name: Jasmine

English name: Jasmine

General situation Jasmine, also known as Jasmine, belongs to Jasmine of Oleaceae. Jasmine is the most common fragrant potted flower with green leaves, white color and strong fragrance.

Jasmine is native to India and Arabian Peninsula, and its central producing area is near the Persian Gulf. Now it is widely planted in subtropical areas. Mainly distributed in Iran, Egypt, Turkey, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, as well as Spanish, French, Italian and other Mediterranean countries, India and Southeast Asian countries are cultivated. Athens, the capital of Greece, is called the city of jasmine. Pakistan, Paraguay, Tunisia and Thailand have listed jasmine as their national flowers, as well as their cousins Jasmine and Jasmine. South Carolina in the United States has been designated as the state flower.

Jasmine has been introduced to China for a long time. Wang Zeng, a poet in the Song Dynasty, wrote: "Jasmine is famous for its beautiful flowers, as far away as Buddhism and China." In the Song Dynasty's On Jasmine in Fujian and Guangxi, it was recorded: "There are many different flowers in Fujian and Guangxi, so it is asked that the pink jade is fierce, and jasmine is the crown of all flowers." Explain the position of jasmine in flowers. China's fig pear was first cultivated in Yunnan, and then spread to Guangdong and Fujian, becoming the birthplace of jasmine in China. So far, jasmine has spread all over the country, and Guangdong, Fujian, Suzhou, Hangzhou, Nanjing and other places have become the main producing areas. In recent years, Shandong, Beijing, Tianjin, Xi and other places have also actively developed potted jasmine production. At present, China's jasmine planting area accounts for 65% of the world's total planting area, and the annual output of flowers ranks first in the world.

Morphological characteristics and varieties Jasmine is an evergreen shrub. The leaves are opposite, bright and ovate. Cymes, clustered at the top of branches, with hairy pedicels and white fragrant flowers, single, double and multi-petalled.

The common ornamental species of the same genus is J. beesianum, which has purple or red flowers and is very fragrant. Jasmine with big flowers, white flowers and fragrance. Italian jasmine (J. humile) has bright yellow flowers. Yunnan jasminum giraldii, with pale yellow flowers, semi-double or double petals, is fragrant. Mavrum with yellow flowers. Two-sided needles with white flowers and lavender leaves are very fragrant. Ginger, the flowers are white, red and fragrant. J.parkeri with small yellow flowers J. polyanthum, with white flowers, is extremely fragrant.

Biological characteristics Jasmine is native to India, Iran, Pakistan and Arab countries. I like a warm, humid and sunny environment.

Jasmine is sensitive to temperature, can adapt to high temperature, can not tolerate low temperature and has poor cold resistance. When the temperature is 0℃, the tender parts of leaves and branches wither, while most branches wither and die. The optimum growth temperature of jasmine is 25 ~ 35℃. Below 10℃, the growth is very slow or even stopped. It can germinate at about 65438 09℃. Growth is slow below 25℃, and buds are bred above 25℃. The formation and development of buds are good at 30 ~ 40℃, and 32 ~ 37℃ is the optimum temperature for bud maturity and opening. Although flowers can bloom when the temperature exceeds 37℃, they tend to turn yellow and have poor fragrance.

Jasmine's requirements for water are: lush foliage, large transpiration in peak season, adequate watering, and air relative humidity of 75% ~ 85%. In the case of serious water shortage in dry season, it affects the growth and germination, and the flowers can't bloom and have small shapes. However, excessive soil moisture can also lead to poor root development and root rot suffocation. Potted jasmine, especially in winter, is too humid and easy to cause root rot.

Jasmine is a long-day plant that likes light. Under direct light, it is most suitable for the growth and development of jasmine. If the light is insufficient or shaded, the leaves of Jasmine will become bigger and thinner, and the leaves will be light green, leading to poor growth and development. The stronger the light, the more developed the root system, the more vigorous the plant growth and the stronger the stress resistance.

The wind has a certain influence on the growth and development of jasmine. In summer, there are many southeast winds and water vapor, which increases the air humidity and makes jasmine grow vigorously. The west wind or northwest wind reduces the humidity and temperature of the air, inhibits the development of buds, and flowers often do not bloom, and some flowers turn purple. In hot summer, the north wind blows jasmine, making the flowers white and fragrant; When the wind blows south or east, the evaporation is large, which will cause dehydration and defoliation and affect growth.

For soil requirements, loose and fertile sandy loam is the most suitable, ranging from 6 to 6.5. Potted soil can be garden soil and chaff ash or a mixture of garden soil and vermiculite and humus soil.