Why are there so many teahouses in Shenyang?

According to Fengtian Tongzhi, there were eleven teahouses in Shenyang in the late Qing Dynasty. Hongtaixuan in Xiaoshimenli Stone Town was opened in the first year of Xianfeng (185 1). It was originally a teahouse in the Qing Dynasty. During the Tongzhi period, only Zhao Wendong and other famous artists told stories here, which was the earliest storytelling hall in Shenyang. The fragrant teahouse in Xiaonanmen was opened in the last years of Tongzhi. The ancient teahouse in Xiaodongbianmen, the jade teahouse in Xiaobeiguan, the forever teahouse and Kuishengxuan in Dadongmen, the Jia teahouse in Tongjiang Hutong in Zhongjie and the Ruixinfa in Da Nanguan were all opened during the Guangxu period. Fushengxuan in Xiaoxiguan, Baishengcheng Tea House in Luhui Mountain in Xiaobeiguan and Qiucha House in Nanmenlian were all opened in the first year. The above storytellers all take turns telling stories in these teahouses. Usually there are two games during the day and at night. Famous artists all say "the lights are late". In addition to the library, there is also a variety museum. For example, Haifeng Garden is a place where ten kinds of acrobatics, such as pingtan, drumming, minor and juggling, are often performed, and it is called "Flower Tea House" by the masses.

Go to the opera in the tea garden

When performing on the ground, artists always rap for a period of money, no matter how much money they have, they can listen to it without money. The so-called "money helps to make a fortune, and no money helps individuals to make a fortune." Gather enough money to sing the next paragraph. After an artist enters a teahouse, it is still a "money-making system", but it is stipulated that a few pence will be paid for a period of time. Generally, there are five or six stages in a performance, and the last half will be given away. In addition to making money, dancing artists also ask for money in other names. For example, in Shuang Suoshan, Liu Jinding promised to get married, played Gao Junbao's "Cheers" and asked Liu Jinding to sing a ditty. He must listen enough to agree to the marriage. Ask the audience for "happy money". Another example is Ding Lang Looking for Father, which is a bitter drama. The artist who plays Ding Lang sits on a high table and sings "December Ramming Song". The monitor said, "Ding Xiao Lang can't find his father, and life is very hard. Please help some money! " This is called asking for money. There is also a bloody scene in the performance of "The Yellow Woman Wandering in Yin", asking for "bride price money".

When an artist sings a short passage, the audience has the right to sing a program. The artist has an "opera passbook" with songs he knows written on it, and the audience or the owner orders a program called "Dian".

The storyteller rapped long books in the teahouse. The rule is "three festivals a year", each festival is a book, and the book cannot be changed on the same day. The so-called "three festivals" are the Dragon Boat Festival from the first day of the first month to May; August Dragon Boat Festival to Mid-Autumn Festival; From the Mid-Autumn Festival to the 23rd of the twelfth lunar month, I wrote three books a year, each for about four months. Some artists didn't say enough about their books, so they pieced together the plots in other books and moved in in the last few days. Therefore, traditional big books often have the shortcoming of "anticlimactic", and the artistic level of the second half is not as good as that of the first half. And some talented artists, the more they talk, the better, and finally push the plot of the book to a climax.

Zabadi is very popular.

Storytelling and crosstalk artists call their performance places "caves", joint performances "building caves", outings "walking caves", places with high incomes "fire caves" and places with low incomes "water caves". The storyteller also calls the teahouse "the land", when he goes to the teahouse to tell stories, he calls it "the land" after the performance. Call the artist's residence "early summer" The rule of Fengtian Teahouse is whether to send it or not, that is, to pick up artists from other places and pay for the trip. When the artist leaves, the toll will be paid by the manager of the teahouse at the artist's next stop. But if you want to prepare a meal with wine and rice, there is a saying that "the artist's wife sends the artist noodles (noodles)."

The performance at the temple fair

The income of "constructio n" artists is "a part of the work", and money is divided into life and death. Average artist 10, top artists can get 12, 3, almost 7, 8, and juniors can only get 5. Drummers who sing long books are generally divided into "37" or "28", and singers take the lead. The famous "stringed musicians" in individual teahouses (stringed musicians stay in a teahouse all the year round and only change singers) also get 40% of the money. The division between calligraphers and teahouse owners is called "paying the bill". Generally speaking, it is "March 7" and "February 28", and artists take the lead. After paying the bill, the remaining singers and choirs can "divide" it again (criticizing their own people). The above-mentioned artist customs were handed down from generation to generation and continued until the Republic of China. In the old society, the income of artists was very unstable, sometimes good and sometimes bad. Therefore, a couplet circulated among storytellers:

Drinking in the restaurant of Chaohe dignitaries;

Sleep on the platform of Huagai Temple at night.

After he became famous, dignitaries also called him Mr. and boss and rewarded him with money and wine. When he was old, many artists died in the street, come to a bad end. This is the situation of old folk artists.

During the Republic of China, the performance places of Shenyang folk artists were mainly Zabadi and teahouse. There are also a few famous musicians who go to the homes of military and political dignitaries to "hold concerts" or go to the radio to broadcast live folk art programs. In the early years of the Republic of China, the Zaba area in Shenyang was in the middle of Cheng Xishun Street, that is, the "West Gate". The distance between Daximen and Xiaoximen was about a Li Long. According to the article Zabadi in Old Shenyang-From Ximen Face to the First Shopping Mall published by Xiyuan in the fifth edition of Shenyang Literature and History Materials, the folk art of Ximen Face is introduced as follows:

Five "dumping" folk art fields with different distances occupy the central area of Zaba. Each site has rough wooden benches, which enclose the site boundary of about three feet in Fiona Fang and are close to the benches. Set a rough long square table with high feet and a small square stool. Quyi artists sit on small square stools and perform various programs. There is a cross talk "Hunkou"; There are also programs such as bamboo curse water margin, long drum words, Dong, storytelling, Three Heroes and Five Righteousnesses, and biography of Ji Gong. Each venue starts at 10 in the morning and ends at around 4 pm.

1923 Rebuilding the urban area under the rule of Zhang Zhengquan, and establishing the first shopping mall in Fengtian between Taiqing Palace and Xiaoxibian Gate. The east yard of the shopping center is a prosperous paradise. There is a white teahouse (owner Bai Qisan) in the park, and there are twelve greenhouses on both sides, which perform "ten kinds of juggling" such as storytelling, drum set, cross talk and juggling. Xing Paradise has existed for 20 years, and it was only after the 1943 fire that Quyi artists flocked to the north city.

1923 fengtian municipal office conducted an investigation on teahouses in five districts of the city, and the situation is as follows:

There are three in the first district (city), namely Hongtaixuan, Daxing Tea House and Yongchang Tea House. The singers are Kong and the drummer.

In the second district (Dongguan), there are Xinglong Xuan, Zhi Le Xuan and Gao Teahouse. These singers are Emily Lau, Shen Lanjun, De Ziyuan and Ding Xiufeng.

In the third district (Nanguan), there is a Sun Teahouse and two Du Teahouses in the east and west. Singers include lyricists Lin, Liang Dianyuan, Feng Jinghe (drummer), Guang Yihua and Shiyuan Wang. In addition, there are drum artists Zhang, Gao Zhencheng and Wang singing underground.

Fourth area (Xiguan) has four teahouses, namely Qingxiangge, Zilingzhou, Detaixuan and Tongxuan, and there is also a storytelling shed. Actors Yang Shuangcheng, Shang Yexing, Wang Youlai and Liu, and actors Yuan, Wei Yaqing, Wen Yulan, Liu and Zhang participated in the performance. In addition, the actors in Ximen Qing are He Feng, Zhou Rongfeng, Bi, Jiao Fengyi, Song Huazhi, Jia, Lang Zuochen, Gao Changqing and Lin, and the actresses He Feng Lan, Zhu Sixi, Zhu Yaxiang, Zhu Yazhen, Zhu Xizhen and Lin.

There are six restaurants in the fifth district (Beiguan), including Yongtai Xuan, Baoyun Xuan, Zhonghua Xuan, Dayouxuan, Fuhe Rongge and Fu You Teahouse. Singers include critics Wang, Yuan, Yang Zicheng, Pan Cheng (Cheng) Li, Liang Dianyuan, Lin and Zhang Fushan.

In the above survey, there are 20 teahouses (including an unnamed storytelling shed) in five districts, and there are 62 Quyi artists.

In addition, there are Luanzhou Teahouses in Nanshi and Qinglian Pavilion in Beishi. In Xiaoheyan area, there are 16 seasonal tea sheds in summer, such as Baihua Tea Garden, Wansheng Tea Garden, Detaixuan, Ningxiangxie, Qinfang Pavilion, Biluochun, Xiaopenglai, Lianhua Pavilion, Chief Executive Building, Qingxiang Pavilion, Tian Quan, Yongquan, Yiyuan, Taoran, Fuxiang and Huiying. Some are semicolons in big teahouses.

Ye Taizi plays a sea of people.

According to Fengtian Tongzhi, there were 75 teahouses in 1924 (including1/teahouse in the late Qing Dynasty), and the number of teahouses increased nearly seven times after the Republic of China. Their distribution is as follows: urban area 12, Dongguan 13, Nanguan 20, Xiguan 20 and Beiguan 12. Among them, 1923 to 1925 newly opened tea houses in various districts include Fuxingju, Rongshan Tea House, Sun Tea House, Fuyuan City, Hutchison Tea House, Sanheshun, Fuqingchang, Jinyuansheng, Guangyuan Chang, Dongshunhe, Qingfaguan, Yushunhe, Zhilexuan, Zhang Tea House, Lishunde and Xiao.

Painted wild prince play

1928 "Huanggutun Incident", after Zhang was killed by the Japanese army, the northeast society was in an uproar, and one third of the teahouses in Shenyang closed down, leaving only 42.

193 1 In the "September 18th Incident", the Japanese invaders occupied Shenyang and soon occupied three northeastern provinces. After two years of social unrest, 1933, the Quyi teahouse in Fengtian city flourished again. According to the information provided by Shenyang Teahouse in Song Dynasty, there were 14 teahouses in Fengtian in 1930s: the teahouse in Muxing Hutong, Ningxiangxie in the south of Zhongjie Road (now Guanglu Cinema), Hongtaixuan (Old Teahouse) in Stone Town in Xiaoximenli, Pu Teahouse in Xiaobeimen, Jiuqing Teahouse in Sanyi Hutong in Dabeimen and Shuangjing Hutong in the south of Gulou. Xiang Defu changed the name of the teahouse after the exchange with Guo Guozhi), Wanquan teahouse in the south of Gulou (the largest, but the good times did not last long), Tianhe teahouse in the gray city in the south of Gulou, Lianhe teahouse in the north of Gulou, Tonglixuan in the south gate, Dexinquan outside the south gate, Xiangyun Pavilion in Xiaoxiguan (renamed Detaixuan), Ruyi teahouse in the open-air market in industrial zone and Sihe teahouse in the north city. In addition, there is a seasonal teahouse called "Xiaoqingtian" in Fengtian Park outside Xiaoximen, which is also very famous. There is a couplet on the door of the teahouse: "seek fame and gain, have a cup of tea;" Bring a bottle of wine for business and personal use. "I am still thinking about the old people in Shenyang.