Cultivation methods and matters needing attention of rubber tree

Rubber tree is a famous potted foliage plant, also known as rubber tree and Brazilian rubber. It is a big tree of Ficus of Moraceae, with high ornamental value, which is very suitable for indoor beautification. Small and medium-sized plants are often used to beautify the living room and study room, while medium and large plants are suitable to be arranged on both sides of the lobby and the center of the lobby of large buildings. Let's take a look at the cultivation methods and precautions of rubber trees!

Growth habit of rubber tree

Hevea brasiliensis originated in Brazil and is now widely planted in tropical Asia. It is cultivated in Taiwan Province Province, southern Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan and southern Yunnan, with more in Hainan and Yunnan. Sexually prefer high temperature, high humidity and sunny environment, and the suitable growth temperature is 20 ~ 25℃, avoiding direct sunlight. It is also resistant to shade but not cold, and the safe wintering temperature is 5℃. Resistant to air drying. Avoid clay, do not tolerate barren drought, and like loose, fertile and well-drained slightly acidic soil.

Propagation method of rubber tree

1. Cutting method: the cutting time is in late spring and early summer, which can be combined with pruning. The cuttings are mostly 1 year semi-lignified intermediate branches, and the wound should be sealed with frankincense or plant ash in time. The length of cuttings is subject to leaving 3 buds. Cut off the lower leaves, close the upper two leaves and tie them with thin plastic ropes. Then, plant it in a bed based on plain sand or frog stone. After insertion, keep the bed high humidity, but do not accumulate water. The suitable temperature is 18 ~ 25℃. Sprinkle water on the ground frequently, improve the air humidity, and do a good job in shading and ventilation. It takes about 2 ~ 3 weeks to take root.

2. layering method: select 2-year-old branches with appropriate size, good development and rich tissues, peel them into rings with a width of about 1 cm at the predetermined soil covering position, coat them with 30 ~ 50 ppm of NAA solution, then wrap them with moist soil or moss mixture or vermiculite that absorbs enough water at the girdling position, wrap them with plastic film outside, tie them tightly at the lower end, and leave holes at the upper end for ventilation and irrigation. Pay attention to maintenance, stratify in June and take root in July-August. After taking root, you can cut off the potted plants.

Cultivation method of rubber tree

1, temperature: the temperature of rubber tree is 20 ~ 25 degrees, even if it is above 30 degrees, it can grow well. However, if the temperature is too low in winter, rubber trees will produce a lot of fallen leaves and have poor cold tolerance. Therefore, northern China needs to spend the winter in the greenhouse.

2. Illumination: It is really good to say that sunlight is the nourishment of plants. In the cultivation method of rubber trees, sunlight is also a fortune. From May to September, giving it enough sunshine can make it grow sturdily and give it proper shade.

3. Fertilization: The existence of fertilizer is just like calcium supplementation, which can enhance its "physical health". Fertilization is also one of the key points in rubber tree cultivation methods, which can reduce the occurrence of stripes and make the leaves bright. Just use nitrogen fertilizer, remember not to fertilize in winter.

4. Pruning: When the rubber tree is pruned, the bifurcated branches, inward branches and weak branches in the crown are cut off to keep its internal ventilation, good light transmission and overall shape. Usually, the cultivation method of rubber trees must be turned over once every two years, and materials such as humus soil should be added for reconfiguration. It likes loose loam with good drainage.

5. Soil: Rubber trees like fertile, loose and acidic soil. Pot soil should be prepared with 4 parts humus soil and plant ash soil plus 1 part river sand and a small amount of base fertilizer.

6. Watering: In the hot summer season, rubber trees grow faster, so water them, but avoid water accumulation in the basin. After autumn, watering is gradually reduced, which promotes the growth and enrichment of plants and is beneficial to their overwintering.

Matters needing attention in rubber tree cultivation

1, and the suitable temperature for rubber tree growth is 25 ~ 30℃. If it is below 3℃ in winter, the leaves will turn yellow and fall off, so it should be placed in a sunny place indoors in winter, and the room temperature should be above 10℃. When the temperature exceeds 35℃ in summer, plants should be moved to a cool and ventilated place for maintenance, and sprayed with water to cool down in time.

2. Hevea brasiliensis is a Moraceae plant, and the whole plant contains milk. Therefore, the incision should be blocked with frankincense or coated with charcoal powder immediately after each pruning, so as to avoid excessive juice outflow and dehydration death.

3. The direction of the pot should be changed regularly at the seedling stage of rubber tree to prevent the plant from growing to one side, resulting in a small and straight plant shape and affecting the appearance.

4. Generally, after the rubber tree becomes a seedling, the root system becomes larger and larger, which leads to soil hardening, hinders soil ventilation, turns the rubber tree yellow, and may seriously lead to death. It is advisable to change the pot once every spring before the new buds grow. Loosen the soil once every 15 ~ 20 days until it returns to normal growth.

Cultivation value of rubber tree

1. Ornamental value: Hevea brasiliensis leaves are bright and evergreen all year round. It is a large shade-tolerant foliage plant. Rubber tree potted plants are very good decorative materials whether placed in the lobby corridor of ordinary families or decorated in the lobby of hotels, and they have strong growth ability and do not need to be cared for.

2. Purify air: Rubber trees can carry out vigorous photosynthesis and transpiration in sunny places, and adjust air humidity and oxygen content. Moreover, rubber tree has a unique dust purification function, and it can also absorb volatile organic compounds such as formaldehyde, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen fluoride and other harmful gases in the air, so that indoor turbid air can be purified.

3. The role of geomantic omen: Rubber trees are related to family harmony and interpersonal context in home geomantic omen. The placement of rubber trees will affect the fortune and prospects of families. Putting rubber trees in an appropriate position indoors can promote prosperity and wealth, and resolve indoor yin and suffocation.

What should I do if the rubber tree loses its leaves?

1, insufficient light: insufficient light is one of the reasons for the deciduous rubber trees. Hevea brasiliensis is a sunny and shade-tolerant plant. If rubber trees are left in a dark place for a long time, they will easily lose their leaves without sun exposure. Put the rubber tree in a sunny place and keep a good light. It is best to shine all day in winter.

2. Too low temperature: too low temperature is also the cause of rubber tree defoliation. Rubber trees like places with high temperature, high humidity and abundant sunshine, and the suitable growth temperature is 20-25℃. Especially in winter, when the temperature is lower than 10℃, rubber trees will begin to shed leaves. At this time, it is necessary to move the rubber tree indoors or other places with high temperature for reproduction, but pay attention to the sunlight.

3. Improper watering: If the rubber tree is watered too often or not for a long time, it will cause the rubber tree to fall off its leaves. Rubber trees must be watered frequently during their growth, especially in hot summer. Because of the large evaporation, they need to be watered not only from the roots, but also from the leaves. But the pot soil for planting rubber trees is too wet and easy to rot, so it must be watered when the pot soil is dry.

4. Pest invasion: Rubber trees sometimes have pests. If there are red spiders in leaves and scale insects in branches and leaves, rubber trees will lose their leaves. When the leaves of rubber trees fall off, it is necessary to check whether it is a pest problem and deal with it in time.

Pruning method of rubber tree

1, pruning season: attention should be paid to "pruning in winter and controlling the edge in summer" when pruning rubber trees. That is to say, in winter, strong trees are pruned again, and weak trees are lightly pruned. The key point is to prune upright strong competitive branches from the base. In summer, the pruning of rubber trees should focus on controlling the strong branches, controlling the strong and leaving the weak, adjusting the tree potential in a balanced way, mastering the principle of starting from the strong side, re-pruning the strong branches, lightly pruning the weak branches and leaving more branchlets, so as to achieve the pruning purpose of highlighting the trunk and promoting the growth of trees.

2. Trimming height: The trimming incision of rubber tree should be smooth to prevent the wall from cracking. The suitable stubble height is 1 ~ 2 cm. Too high or too low will affect wound healing and tree growth. The pruning season of rubber trees is suitable for early spring or late autumn and early winter. In early spring, it should be done before the sap flows out. If the trees are pruned when they sprout, the water in the trees will evaporate quickly, lose water and consume more nutrients, which is not conducive to the growth of trees. If the rubber tree is pruned in summer, be careful not to prune it in rainy days, so as to avoid the wound being soaked and infected with diseases.

3. Pruning technology: In the plastic pruning of rubber trees, it is sometimes necessary to highlight the growth of trunk or main branches and remove branches that are too dense or affect the shape. The common methods of shaping and pruning the main branches are bud wiping and branch thinning. That is, the budding buds are erased to achieve the purpose of inhibiting the growth of lateral branches. The principle is to eliminate the growth of side branches in the bud, so that nutrients can be concentrated for the growth of main branches. That is to say, branches are cut from the base of branches with branch scissors, which are often used for sparse and dense branches. Thinning is a remedial measure for budding, that is, side branches have been formed because of untimely budding. In order to strengthen the growth or modeling of the trunk, some redundant side branches are thinned out.

4. Pruning and maintenance: After pruning, plant ash should be applied to the wound in time to prevent excessive loss of milk at the incision and affect the survival. The treated cuttings are planted in a seedbed with river sand or vermiculite as the substrate, and the humidity of the seedbed is kept high after cutting, and water is often sprinkled on the ground (but no water is accumulated) to improve the air humidity. Under the condition of 18 ~ 25℃ and semi-shading, it takes about 2 ~ 3 weeks to take root.

Four seasons management of rubber trees

1. spring management: change pots when the temperature is stable at around 15℃ every spring, and prune them properly before changing pots. Spring should be arranged in a sunny place, keep the soil moist, and often spray water around to increase air humidity. When the seedlings see the new leaves, they can start fertilizing. When the temperature is high in late spring, move to semi-light or indoor layout and cultivate with scattered light.

2. Summer management: Rubber trees are resistant to high temperature and scorching sun, but when the light is too strong, the leaves are easy to lose luster, which is not conducive to viewing. Rubber trees can be arranged in bright indoor light. Indoor with weak light is not conducive to its growth. Because rubber tree has many leaves and consumes a lot of water, it should be watered in time to keep the soil moist, and at the same time, its leaves and surroundings should be sprayed to meet its requirements for air humidity.

3. Autumn management: In autumn, potted plants should be moved to a lighted windowsill or balcony for cultivation to keep the soil moist. When the temperature is high at noon, spray water around it and the leaves to increase the air humidity. In autumn, in order to enhance its cold resistance, you can exercise outdoors at low temperature for a period of time, but you can't frost. Before frosting, it should be moved to a bright place indoors in time.

4. Winter management: Rubber trees are not cold-resistant and can withstand short-term low temperature of 0℃. But the indoor temperature should be kept at about 5℃. At this time, the growth of rubber trees is at a standstill. It is necessary to ensure sufficient light to make the basin soil dry and wet, and the basin soil is too wet and easy to rot. When the temperature is high at noon, spray water on its surroundings and leaves several times. When the indoor temperature is above 15℃, rubber trees can grow normally. Please refer to spring for management.