Appreciation of the Ancient Poem Mo Mei, Hsinchu, South Village of Gyeonggi, Chuzhou of Xixi, Twilight of Chunjiang and Autumn Night.

Author: Wang Mian

The first tree in my family, Xiyan Lake, is full of flowers and light ink marks.

Don't boast about the good color, just let the air be full of dried Kun.

According to the legend of West Wild Goose Lake, Wang Xizhi, a great calligrapher in Jin Dynasty, was studying in Linchi, washing pens and inkstones frequently, and the pool turned dark. There are relics of Xiyan Lake at the foot of Huiji Mountain in Zhejiang, and Linchuan in Jiangxi. Legends are all washed by Wang Xizhi. The author is a famous painter. He writes plum in light ink and elegant style. Because of the same surname as Wang Xizhi, it is called "my home", which is a superb metaphor.

Precautions:

[Mo Mei] Plum blossoms only paint ink. [Pool head] Pool edge. 【 y4n Pool 】 A pool for washing brush and inkstone. [Light ink mark] Light black marks refer to the color of flowers. [Qingqi] An aromatic smell. 【 Gan (qi2n) Kun (k &；; N)] refers to heaven and earth.

Poetic:

This picture is a tree next to my home. Every plum blossom has a faint black color, but no bright color. I don't need others to praise its beautiful color, as long as it can leave a faint fragrance between heaven and earth.

A "light" and a "full" show personality.

-Appreciation of Mo Mei

Plum blossoms are in full bloom in the cold season when flowers are dying. She stands proudly in the snow, has the fairy posture of clearing tendons and jade bone, and can predict spring before flowers bloom. The heavier the cold, the more fragrant it is. Therefore, the ancients often regarded her as a symbol of strong character and high integrity. The plum blossom in this lesson refers to the colorless plum blossom drawn only in ink, which looks very elegant and generous. Wang Mian, the author of this poem, was born at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, and was called "the master of painting plum blossoms". This is a poem about plum blossoms drawn by the author himself. The ink plum described in the poem is beautiful, fragrant and unique.

The ancients wrote poems and paid attention to refining words. Plum blossoms in poems (also known as paintings) grow by the pool where the author washes the brush and inkstone every day, and each plum blossom shows faint ink marks. One or two sentences describe the shape of plum blossom by line drawing. The word "light" not only expresses the painting method of plum blossom, but also depicts the simple and elegant style of plum blossom standing proudly in the cold, which is refreshing.

Look at the last sentence again. Why do poets especially like to draw pale ink plum blossoms without color? It turned out that he didn't want those vulgar people to praise the gorgeous colors of plum blossoms, but only wanted to keep the fresh fragrance between heaven and earth. The word "person" not only vividly describes Xiang Mei's fullness and agitation, but also highlights the poet's personality charm, which shines brightly! This unyielding and arrogant integrity is Wang Mian's interest as a poet, and this expression method of loving plum blossom spirit without pursuing vanity and beauty is Wang Mian's ingenious work as a painter.

"Plum blossom painting must have plum blossom spirit, and people are as clear as plum blossoms." That's how people praise Wang Mian. Wang Mian in reality, just like the plum blossom in his works, is unyielding and narcissistic. According to legend, Wang Mian's paintings are particularly good. The local county magistrate and a powerful rich man longed for his name, but several attempts to meet him were rejected. Finally, the county magistrate personally went to the countryside to see him. When he heard the news, he quickly hid and let the county magistrate eat the door. Therefore, the poem Mo Mei not only embodies the style of plum blossom he painted, but also embodies the author's noble taste and indifferent mind to fame and fortune, and clearly shows his firmness and pure integrity of not flattering the world.

In this poem, a "light" and a "full" have their own personalities. On the one hand, the richness of Mo Mei and the image of the poet's pride are vividly on the paper; On the other hand, it makes people feel that the fragrance of calligraphy and plum blossoms seems to come to their faces! Let "poetic style", "painting style" and personality be skillfully integrated!

New bamboo is taller than old bamboo, and their growth is supported by old branches. New students will be born next year, and ten dragons and grandchildren will go around the wind pool.

-Hsinchu in Banqiao, Zheng Qing

[Interpretation] shine on you is better than Blue, and the growth of new forces needs the active support of the older generation. Sun Long: Another name for bamboo shoots. Fengchi: Fengchi, in ancient times, refers to the seat of the Prime Minister's yamen, which refers to a pond with bamboo around it.

Titu chengnan Zhuang

Cui Hu

Last spring, in this door, the girl's face contrasted with the peach.

Wherever people go now, peach blossoms are still smiling in the spring breeze.

Cui Hu, a native of Boling (now Dingxian County, Hebei Province) in the Tang Dynasty, was a scholar in Zhenyuan and an official in Lingnan.

Cui Hu's seven-character quatrains are simple in literal meaning, straightforward and natural in language, clear and fluent. It has been told by later generations for hundreds of years, and "Peach Blossoms have Faces" is widely used as allusions and idioms. Speaking of this little poem, there is also a legendary skill, which is recorded in Chronicle of Tang Poetry and Poem of Skills. The Chronicle of Tang Poems contains this poem: "Not a first nurse, Qingming travels alone in the south of the city, and lives in the village to pick flowers and trees. After locking the door for a long time, a woman asked through the crack. Yes, I said,' looking for spring alone, I am thirsty for wine.' The woman opened the door and took the water to the jar. Lean on Mo Mo and lean on Ke, which means a lot. Cui resigned and delivered it to the door. If you are at a loss, you can enter. And never came back. When the next year is clear, I'll look for it again. The door is still the same. Just lock it. Because the title is "Last year today in this door", this poem is in its left leaf. "

The authenticity of this "skill" recorded in Chronicle of Tang Poetry and Skill Poetry is doubtful. Perhaps it is not impossible to have a poem first and then elaborate it into the above "skills". But whether this "skill" is true or not, two things seem to be certain. One is that this poem has a plot, and the other is that this "skill" helps to understand this poem.

In Cui Hu's poems, the whole story is about the past and the present, and only four sentences contain scenes in which two things are people, interdependent and interacting.

The feeling of past lives in the poem is caused by the memory of a beautiful girl who left at the first sight. From the past to the present, I wrote "Last Year" by tracing back to the source, which led to the first scene: the affair of seeking spring-"Today last year, peach blossoms set each other off." "Last year" and "this door" pointed out the time and place, which were very definite and unambiguous, showing deep recognition and accurate memory. At that time, "this door" was full of spring breeze and peach blossoms, and there stood a beautiful girl whose face and peach blossoms matched each other, which was really beautiful. Here, the poet does not directly describe the beauty of peach blossoms and women, but captures the most beautiful and moving scene in the whole process of "seeking beauty in spring", and only uses the word "set each other off in red" to vividly outline the beautiful scene of interaction, mutual contrast and competition between people. "Peach blossoms set each other off in red" not only set a beautiful background for "peach blossoms", but also set off a girl's radiant face. At the same time, it implicitly expresses the poet's infatuation and emotion, as well as the situation that both sides have nothing to say. Through this touching scene, readers' beautiful imagination of the events before and after is stimulated, leaving a broad imagination space for readers.

It has been used for a long time to describe beautiful women with flowers, which has become vulgar. However, there are several differences in this poem. First, the poet did not directly describe how gorgeous the peach blossom was and how beautiful the girl was. Instead, we only use the gorgeous peach blossoms that everyone is familiar with as the background, and indirectly set off the beautiful image of the girl with "set each other off in red" to blend the scenery with people well. Second, this poem is written in front of the real scene and is called "local scenery, bring it at hand."

At this point, the poet could have continued to write the scene of "last year", but he didn't, but changed his pen and went straight to "today". So I sketched the second scene: I couldn't find it again. It's all "Today" and "This Door", but the beautiful girl has gone. It is still the season of spring, and it is still the gateway for flowers, trees and peaches. However, I don't know where the beautiful "face" that adds luster to all this and peach blossoms has gone, only one peach blossom is still smiling in the spring breeze. Peach blossoms still smile in the spring breeze, evoking the poet's thoughts and pity for "last year" and "peach blossoms set each other off", which made the poet feel extremely disappointed and disappointed when he revisited his hometown. Imagine, last year today, the girl I met stood under the peach tree and stared at her with a smile, affectionate and integrated with the peach blossom; Now, when people die, peach blossoms are still smiling in the spring breeze. What can this bring back except the good memories of the past and the feeling that the good times are not often there? The word "Huan" implies the poet's infinite disappointment, regret and dismay.

Throughout the poem, the first two sentences are from today to the past, and the last two sentences are from the past to the present. Although the feelings change dramatically, the literary spirit is always low and the turning point is seamless. The language of the whole poem is simple, frank, natural, clear and smooth. In the writing technique, we mainly use "reflection contrast", take "human face" and "peach blossom" as running clues, and express two different experiences and feelings circuitously through the reflection contrast of "last year" and "today". Contrast and thinking play an extremely important role in this poem. Because I write the lost beauty in the memories facing reality, the memories are particularly precious, beautiful and emotional, which is a vivid description of "peach blossoms set each other off"; It is precisely because of such beautiful memories that I feel particularly disappointed to lose something beautiful, so I have the feeling that "where is my face, the peach blossom is still smiling in the spring breeze".

Although this poem has a certain plot, even some dramatic colors and legendary "skills" records, it is widely read. In addition to these and the language, structure and writing techniques mentioned above, the author thinks that some life experiences expressed by poetry itself are the most important aspects. "Skill" may have contributed to its wide spread, but the typical significance of this poem to readers is not that it describes an interesting story. Readers may not have had similar stories or experiences in Skills, but they may have had similar life experiences, that is, they accidentally or inadvertently met something beautiful, but when they deliberately pursued it, they could never get it back. This may be one of the main reasons why this poem has maintained its enduring artistic vitality for hundreds of years.

The beauty lies in the word "horizontal". Think about it: the late tide and spring rain make the water more urgent, while the rural ferry, which was already deserted, is even more deserted at the moment. So even the boatman was gone, and the empty ferry drifted freely. Because the ferry is in the countryside, nobody cares.

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When the ancients wrote poems, there was a saying that "the eyes are gathered by the divine light." Therefore, the language of poetry pays attention to a "fine" word, and when a word comes out, the realm is born. When appreciating ancient poetry, it is necessary to guide students to chew words carefully. Comment on Wang Anshi's "Dengguazhou" for students: "Guazhou is a water between Beijing and Haikou, and Zhongshan is only separated by several mountains. The spring breeze is green in Jiang Nanan. When will the bright moon shine on me? " The use of the word "green" shows the author's painstaking efforts in refining Chinese characters. It is said that his draft changed the word several times, using "to", "to", "to" and "to", and finally it was designated as "green". What is the beauty of this "green" word? Through the communication between teachers and students, everyone thinks that the word "green" has dynamic beauty and color beauty. It transforms the invisible spring breeze into an eye-catching visual image, full of the breath of spring, and writes the scene of early spring in the south of the Yangtze River, which also contains the meanings of "Zhi", "Zhi" and "Zhi".

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Alone, grass grows by the stream, and orioles sing on the trees.

The spring tide brought the rain late and urgent, and there was no boat on the wild crossing.

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Make an appreciative comment

This is a famous landscape poem and one of Wei's representative works. This poem was written in the second year of Jianzhong in Tang Dezong (78 1), and the poet became the secretariat of Chuzhou. The Tang Dynasty ruled Chuzhou, which is now Chuxian County, Anhui Province, and Xijian was in the western suburbs of Chuzhou City. This poem is about a trip to Xijian in spring to enjoy the scenery and a trip in the evening rain. Poets write scenes with feelings. They use scenes to express their feelings, write about their likes and dislikes, and talk about their comfortable and uncomfortable situations, but their inner peace and emotional sadness naturally show up. However, whether there is sustenance in poetry and what is its significance have been debated endlessly. Some people think that it is the thorn of "the gentleman is next, the villain is above"; Some people think that "there is no need to entrust the scenery of Xixi to this couple." In fact, each has its own bias.

In the first two sentences of the poem, in the prosperous spring scenery, the poet loves the solitary grass by the ravine, but has no intention of singing attractive orioles on the deep trees, so it sets off the contrast. When the grass is poor and sober, and the oriole is tall and flattering, its metaphor for the official world is obvious, which clearly shows the poet's calm mentality. The last two sentences, the late tide and spring rain, the water is more urgent. The rural ferry, originally there were not many pedestrians, is even more deserted at the moment. So, even the boatman disappeared, and the empty ferry floated freely and carefree. Because the ferry is in the countryside, nobody cares. If you are in Jin Yao, the tide will rise in the evening rain, which is just the time when the ferry comes in handy. You can't be idle. Therefore, in this leisurely scene of water crossing the boat, there is a kind of helplessness and sadness that is not in place and not used. In the first two sentences and the last two sentences, the poet used contrast techniques and emphasized them with striking words such as "pity", "urgency" and "horizontal", which should be said to be thought-provoking.

From this perspective, this poem is entrusted. However, why do poets have such sustenance?

In the early middle Tang Dynasty, Wei was an incorruptible poet and a good official who cared about people's livelihood. During his career as an official, he was "ill, thinking of his home in the country, embarrassed to get paid, and many people were idle" (To My Friends Li Dan and Yuan Xi), and he was often in the contradiction between being an official and retiring. He was worried about the political failure in the middle Tang Dynasty and felt guilty about the poverty of the people. He is unwilling to reform, but he is powerless to reform. He was in a dilemma and had to let nature take its course. Zhuangzi said: "Those who are smart and know are worried; Incompetent people want nothing but food and travel. If you don't tie the boat, you will do it in vain. " ("Zhuangzi. Lie Yu Kou) Wei has a deep understanding of this. He once made it clear that he is "a boat with a leaf that is not tied to his heart" ("Going from the public to the Yellow River and sending friends to the county"), saying that although he is worried about knowing, he is ashamed of incompetence, so his career is like a wanderer, doing nothing and being at ease. In fact, Xixi Chuzhou is to express such a contradictory and helpless situation and mood. I want to retire, so I pity the grass alone; Do nothing, just kick down the ladder. Therefore, this poem reveals a calm mind and sad feelings.

It is true that it is good to say that it is popular, but it boils down to mocking "the gentleman is next and the villain is above", which is also rigid; To say that accidental scenery has no sustenance is to separate poetry from people and become superficial, which is not in line with the poet's original intention. Therefore, instead of appreciating strangeness, it is better to analyze doubts and learn from others.