A classical Chinese article about the messy and unmanaged official ships

1. No one cares about classical Chinese

No one cares about it comes from Jin Tao Qian's "Peach Blossom Spring"

During the Taiyuan period of Jin Dynasty, the people of Wuling were engaged in fishing. Walking by the stream, I forget how far the road is. Suddenly I came across a peach blossom forest, hundreds of steps away from the bank. There were no trees in the middle, the grass was delicious, and the fallen flowers were colorful. Fishermen are very different. Going forward again, I want to exhaust the forest.

When the forest reaches the water source, there is a mountain with a small mouth, as if there is light. Then leave the boat and enter through the mouth. At first he was extremely narrow, but only then did he understand people. After walking for dozens of steps, I suddenly became enlightened. The land is flat and vast, with neatly built houses, fertile fields, beautiful ponds, mulberry trees, and bamboos. There is traffic in the streets, and chickens and dogs hear each other. Among them, the men and women are dressed like outsiders. His yellow hair hangs down, and he is contented with himself.

When he saw the fisherman, he was shocked and asked where he had come from. Have an answer. Then he wanted to return home and set up wine and kill chickens for food. Hearing about this person in the village, Xian came to inquire. Ziyun's ancestors fled the chaos of the Qin Dynasty and led his wife to come to this desperate situation. He never came out and was separated from outsiders. When I ask what era this is, I don’t know whether there was the Han Dynasty or the Wei and Jin Dynasties. What this person said one by one made everyone sigh (wǎn). The rest of the people went to their homes again, where they all had wine and food. After stopping for a few days and resigning, one of the people's words (yù) goes: "It is not enough for (wèi) outsiders."

After getting out and getting the boat, he helped the road and looked for it everywhere. When he came to the county (jùn), he met the prefect (yì) and said so. The prefect then sent (qiǎn) people to follow him in search of his desired direction, but he became lost and could no longer find his way.

Nanyang Liu Ziji (jì), a noble scholar, heard about it and happily went there, but failed and ended up seeking illness. After that, no one cared.

Translation:

During the Taiyuan period of the Jin Dynasty, a Wuling man took fishing as a profession. (One day) He rowed along the stream, forgetting the distance. Suddenly I came across a peach blossom forest, growing hundreds of paces on both sides of the stream, with no other trees in the middle. The flowers and plants are bright and beautiful, and the falling petals are staggered and messy. The fisherman was very surprised by this. Rowing forward again, I want to reach the end of the peach blossom forest.

The end of the peach blossom forest is the birthplace of the stream, so I saw a mountain. There is a small cave entrance on the mountain, and there seems to be a faint light. (The fisherman) left the boat and entered through the cave entrance. It is very narrow at first, and can only be passed by one person. After walking a few dozen steps forward, my eyes suddenly became brighter and brighter. (What is presented in front of you is) (here) flat land, neat houses, fertile fields, beautiful ponds, mulberry trees and bamboo forests. The paths in the fields are intertwined, and the sounds of cocks and dogs can be heard from each other (between villages). Among them, people come and go to farm and work, and the clothes of men and women are all the same as those outside the Peach Blossom Spring. The old people and children all looked very happy.

(The people in Peach Blossom Spring) were very surprised when they saw the fisherman. They asked where (the fisherman) came from, and (the fisherman) answered in detail. They invited the fisherman to their home and entertained him by serving wine, killing chickens and cooking meals. When people in the village heard that there was such a man, they all came to ask for information. They themselves said that in order to escape the wars during the Qin Dynasty, their ancestors led their wives, children and people from the same county to this isolated place, and no longer came from here. Go out, so you are isolated from people outside and have no communication with others. They asked what dynasty it was now, and (the people in Taoyuan) didn't even know about the Han Dynasty, let alone the Wei Dynasty and the Jin Dynasty. The fisherman told them everything he knew in detail, and they all sighed and felt sorry. The rest of the people invited (the fisherman) to their homes and brought out wine and food to entertain him. The fisherman stayed for a few days, then said goodbye and left. The people in the Peach Blossom Spring said to him: "(Things here) are not worth telling outsiders."

After he left the Peach Blossom Spring, he found his boat and followed the previous road (back). Make marks everywhere (along the way). When he arrived at the county town (Wuling County City), he visited the prefect and told him about his adventure in Peach Blossom Spring. The prefect immediately sent someone to follow him to look for the marks he had made before. In the end, he lost his way and never found the way (to the Peach Blossom Spring).

Liu Ziji from Nanyang was a famous scholar with noble moral character. After hearing about this, I happily planned to go (visit). His wish was not realized and he died of illness soon after.

Since then, no one has visited the Peach Blossom Spring. 2. Classical Chinese translation

The people in Yongzhou are all good at swimming. One day, the river suddenly rose, and five or six people crossed the Xiangjiang River in a small boat. When they crossed into the river, the boat broke and the people on board swam to escape. One of the men swam as hard as he could but still couldn't get very far. His companions said: "You are the best at swimming, why are you lagging behind now?" He said: "I have a thousand coins wrapped around my waist, which is very heavy, so I am lagging behind." His companions said: "Why don't you throw it away? What?" He didn't answer and shook his head. After a while, he became even more tired. The man who had swam across the river stood on the bank and shouted: "You are extremely stupid and confused. You are about to drown. Why do you need money?" He shook his head again. So he drowned.

Meng (méng): common people. Xian: Both. Shan: Same as good, good at. Boom: skyrocket. Jue: to get through. Ji: Cross the river. Group word: relief. Ordinary: In ancient times, eight feet was "Xun", and double Xun was "Chang". There is a moment to benefit from laziness: There is a moment to benefit from it, for a while; to benefit from it; to be lazy and tired. After: behind. Sloth: tiredness. Companion: Companion. Go: throw away, give up. And: will, will. Waist: waistband. I feel sad for him: I feel sad for him for using the Dharma. Xiangshui: Xiangjiang River in Hunan.

Meaning

It is a satire on those who are blinded by money and fall in love with it, and would rather give up their lives than lose their money. At the same time, it also satirizes the very dark society at that time, where officials and people loved money more than their lives. 3. Sentences about boats in classical Chinese

When staying at a mooring or in a hotel in Yigu, fishing boats are often accompanied. ——Bai Juyi, Tang Dynasty Getting up late in the boat

There is a river in front of the door, and fishing boats often pass by. ——He Jingming, Ming Dynasty, Four Little Scenery Poems 2

The mangroves and green forests are covered with dusk smoke, and there are often boats selling fish near the bridge. ——Lu You, Song Dynasty. One of two poems "Looking to the North at Night"

The maple falls on the Wujiang River in the light snow, and there are fishing boats in twos and threes. ——Sima Chu, Song Dynasty Jianggan Xiaoxue

Sitting on a few futons, leaving a shadow at night to draw fish boats. ——Ming Dynasty Chen Xianzhang Zhang Sheng came to pay homage with a poem and then responded with rhyme

Recently, those who live on the Baiyun River will pay their respects to the fishing boats. ——Li Yu, Ming Dynasty, inscribed by Lu Zongyi on a fan-shaped picture of fishing in the cloud stream

There is no wine shop in Jintou, Nan City, but there are fishing boats at the East Lake Ferry. ——Gu Ying at the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, two poems of harmony and rhyme, one of two

Aisha Lake is bright and clear, and I want to spend my salary to buy a fishing boat. ——Luo Mu, Qing Dynasty, Inscription No. 3

The wild paths are wet with clouds and the grass is sinking on the shore, and the barren pond is full of fire and leaking fish boats. ——Han Kuang of the Qing Dynasty will cross Meiguan to block the rain

The peach blossoms bloom on the other side of the river, and the fishing boat reaches the spring water. ——Dashan, Qing Dynasty. A visit to Gu Maolun in Wujiang is not worth the money.

Riding an ox across the ridge and playing the flute, trawling across the river to fetch fish. ——Yan Zong of the Ming Dynasty, inscribed on the scenery of the country

What I love most is that after the rain, there is a canopy of fireworks, rice and fish boats. ——Lin Bu, Song Dynasty, writing about the Qiujiang River

The ghost on the Buddha's Wei Ling Mountain passes by, and the west wind blows the abalone boat. ——Ai Xingfu, Song Dynasty, Big Buddha Head

Not far away, Liu Lang lives in a fairyland, and Taoxi promises to fish boats. ——Hu Yin of the Song Dynasty After reading the ceremony to his fifties, he had some thoughts to tell Yan Chong

The wind was picking up before the evening fell, and the reeds were scattered all over the fish boat①. ——Wu Weixin, Song Dynasty, Taihu Lake

The bridge pillars are sparse and silent, and an eight-fish boat protrudes in front of the pavilion. ——Yang Wanli of the Song Dynasty One of the four poems about fishing and carving at Chuihong Pavilion

Enable the king to send his cavalry and serve as a fishing boat. ——Lu Tao of the Song Dynasty Fan Caiyuan asked for a drink at the Yanping envoy and invited him to do the same. (The first poem was written by Zhang Yuanqian) The poem is Jin, the second is rhyme.

Li Ze Benshan has three friends, a pen bed, a tea stove and a fish boat. ——Yang Wanli of the Song Dynasty, inscribed on the Three High Halls of Wujiang, Part Three by Lu Luwang

The reading tent is hung with rattan, and the fishing net is tied with bamboo. ——Zhang Ji of the Tang Dynasty, a gift to the people of Yinshan

In the end, we must join hands to sail across the sea. ——Yao He of the Tang Dynasty Visiting Xijia Island in the Rain

I still heard that on the day of the lecture, there were few fish boats on the lake. ——Yao He of the Tang Dynasty, presented to the monks of Changzhou Academy

Small fish boats flowed down the beach, and the reed flowers disappeared after turning around.

——Ming Dynasty Cheng Nuan Xijiang Yue Qiu Xing 4. Read the following classical Chinese text and complete the questions at the end of the text. Fang Keqin, a native of Zhejiang and Ninghai

Question 1: Question B 2: Question 3 C: B. Question 1: Read: Go through Question 2: ① Sentences show that Fang Keqin is honest and trustworthy in power, which can exclude A and B; ⑥ Sentences show that he is generous and kind, and B and D can be excluded; ②③ Sentences show that he serves the people uprightly; ④⑤ The sentence shows that he is an honest official.

Question 3: "Transported by ship in accordance with the law" is incorrect. Attachment: Translation Fang Keqin is from Ninghai, Zhejiang Province. When he was young, he studied with his fellow villagers and studied hard, even forgetting to sleep and eat.

During the turmoil at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, he lived in seclusion in the mountains. In the early years of the Ming Dynasty, he was recruited and served as the prefect of Jining.

When he arrived at the government, he first wrote a document and hung it on the roads extending in all directions, telling the emperor that he loved and educated the people. If the people were dissatisfied, they could go to the government to express their opinions, and the government officials were prohibited from interrogating the people. . He invited the elderly to sit down and talk, asking about the gains and losses of political affairs.

Talented people were hired as teachers and each set up a school. There were hundreds of schools, with thousands of students on the roster. At first, the emperor ordered the people to reclaim wasteland, and it took three years to collect taxes.

Officials generally did not wait until the tax was due. The people thought that the emperor's orders were not trustworthy, so they abandoned their fields and left them, which became deserted again. Fang Keqin made an agreement with the people to collect taxes according to the deadline.

The fields were divided into nine levels, and manpower and materials were requisitioned according to the levels. Officials were not allowed to interfere, so the fields were cultivated in large quantities day by day. At the end of the year, Jeju will transport military uniforms to Yeonji.

At that time, the court had a decree: Those who requisitioned civilian ships would be punished. Other counties used bullock carts to do this. It snowed heavily, and the cows froze to death on the roads. Eighty-nine out of ten households went bankrupt.

The people asked to use ships to complete the labor. Fang Keqin said: "I know that I should obey the convenience of the people, and breaking the law is not what I am afraid of." So the people used ships to carry military uniforms to the front.

Provincial officials believed that his actions were moral and would not pursue him. The walls of the county fell down, and according to precedent, they were built with troops.

The commander used people who had reached high positions with powerful backers as their forces. In May and June, more than 10,000 people were recruited to build the city wall. The people could not farm and went to work with mournful cries. Fang Keqin said excitedly: "If the people are in poverty and there is no help, then what are we going to do with two thousand stone officials (referring to the prefect)!" He secretly informed the imperial court about the matter, and the emperor ordered to stop the requisition of city repair labor that day.

Fang Keqin has been in charge of political affairs for three years, his household registration has increased several times, and the whole county has become rich. Fang Keqin regards using moral politics to influence people as the fundamental method of governing political affairs, and does not like to pursue reputation.

He once said: "The pursuit of reputation must establish prestige. Building prestige will definitely hurt the people. I can't bear this." His own life is simple and simple, and he has not changed a cloth robe for ten years. , do not eat two meals containing meat in one day.

The governor of Yanzhou donated two melons through Fang Keqin's servant. Fang Keqin ordered the servant to beat the servant and return the melons. Fang Keqin was very kind to people. He would always give wine and food to those who were demoted and passed through the county. Those who could not walk would hire cars and boats to transport them.

A colleague’s salary was deducted for committing a crime, and Fang Keqin invited him to dinner every morning and evening. Once the man was drunk, threw the plate and cursed and left. Fang Keqin treated him more respectfully.

When the man sobered up and came to apologize, Fang Keqin pretended not to know and said, "I was also very drunk that night. I wonder why you apologized?" He was more careful in the rest of his life. Be cautious and report everything you do during the day to God at night, and do not make yourself ashamed of anything you do. 5. Classical Chinese "History of the Yuan Dynasty. Biography of Wang Kejing"

Wang Kejing, courtesy name Shuneng, was a native of Daning. After becoming an official, he moved to Zhaomo, Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, looking for promotion and inspection of the school. He was transferred to consult with the officials and knew Shunzhou, but it was difficult both internally and externally. Except for the left and right departments of Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. In the fourth year of Yanyou's reign, he went to Siming to supervise the Japanese trade. First of all, those who go to prison are afraid of the unpredictability of foreign barbarians, and must defend themselves as if they are a powerful enemy. He respectfully came and went away with kindness, but he all responded without daring to make a fuss. There were Wu people who joined the army to conquer Japan and were trapped by the Japanese. They even came to China and appealed to Ke Jing, willing to return to their hometown. Perhaps he was afraid of disaster, so Ke Jing said: "How can a soldier come back with kindness and not accept evil? If there is no provocation, I should sit down." After hearing the incident, the court praised him.

There was a great famine in Poyang, and the general manager sent out millet to help the people in the capital. He wanted to accuse him of being reckless, but Ke Jing said: "Poyang is thousands of miles away from here. Bi is waiting for orders. The people are dying. They are benevolent, but I, Gu, are not benevolent!" "Du Zhongyin was exempted. He paid homage to the supervisory censor and moved to Zuo Si as the capital.

At the beginning of Taiding, he was appointed as the general manager of Shaoxing Road. The county planned to collect salt from the mouth, and the people were trapped in begging for ②, so they begged for a reduction of 5,000 yin of salt. The provincial government asked Ke Jing to distribute the goods, and those who asked Fan ④ would register their goods. The merchants used Feng Shui as an explanation, but there were officials who refused to listen. Ke Jing said: "Some goods are exported from a certain country. The land is far and near, and the goods are heavy and heavy. They take great risks and die thousands of times. They abandon the near and go far away. They abandon the important and take the light. How humane!" After hearing the above, no one can take it away. Businessman virtue. He was promoted to deputy envoy of the Jiangxi Daolian Visiting Department and transferred to the salt transportation department of Zhejiang and Zhejiang Provinces. For the first time, Shaoxing people's salt consumption was reduced by 5,000 yin. Next year, we will promote the honest visiting envoys of Hunan Province and adjust the sea and water transport to tens of thousands of households. At that year, due to the changes in the calendar, there were those who came to Zhigu in the sea-cao boat. However, they did not lose, so they resumed the cao and returned south. Those who traveled to the province wanted to be punished and supervise the transportation, but they were restrained and returned to Zhigu. Ke Jing said: "It would be a crime to go back and forth without having to do it all year round. I will die thousands of times now and return all the canals. How can I do it?" He asked him to count the stones and attach the canals to the capital the following year. The provincial ministers followed it. He became the Minister of the Ministry of Personnel and traveled to Huai'an. He fell off his horse and lived in Wuzhong to recover from his illness.

At the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, he became the governor of Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces and asked the wealthy people to take over the Jianghuai fields as tenants. There was a person with the surname Songjiang who donated rice and thousands of stones to the capital every year. After his death, his descendants were poor and begged. If there was a minister who still had to collect rice every year and did not have enough, he was mixed with Songjiang. Now that I have died, my family has been ruined, and my title has been taken away from me, I cannot let everyone in the county suffer from it. I would rather lack this tool to avoid it. (Selected from "History of the Yuan Dynasty·Biography of Wang Kejing", with some deletions and modifications)

Note ① Difficulties inside and outside: Parents' funeral. ②Zhuqiu: Compulsory expropriation. ③Tax points for imported goods: Taxes are levied on those who ship goods from overseas for trade. ④拗胃: Violation of freight regulations.

Reference translation Wang Kejing, courtesy name Shuneng, was born in Daning. After becoming an official, he was promoted many times to Zhaomo, Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, and was soon promoted to the post of school inspector. He was transferred to the post of Fengyi doctor and Shunzhou magistrate. He did not take up the post because of his parents' funeral. He was awarded the title of Chief of the Left and Right Divisions of Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces. In the fourth year of Yanyou's reign, he went to Siming to supervise the trade between the people and the Japanese. Prior to this, the officials who went to supervise the war were worried that foreign psychology was unpredictable and they would inevitably deploy troops to defend themselves as if they were against a powerful enemy. When Wang Kejing took office, he withdrew all his troops and appeased them with kindness. The Japanese bowed their heads and restrained themselves, not daring to make any noise or make trouble. There was a Wu man who joined the army and was trapped in Japan. At this time, he followed Japanese businessmen to China and appealed to Wang Kejing, hoping to return to his hometown. Some people worried that this would cause disaster. Wang Kejing said: "How can a soldier miss the country's kindness and return to the motherland but not accept him! If there is any disaster, I will bear the responsibility." This matter was reported to the court, and the court praised him. There was a serious famine in Poyang. The governor of the capital took out the grain from the official warehouse to help the hungry people. The provincial officials wanted to punish him for opening the official warehouse without authorization. Wang Kejing said: "Poyang is thousands of miles away from here. When the province issues an order, the hungry people will He will starve to death. He did something benevolent, but we are going to do something unkind?" Wang Duzhong was thus exempted. He was awarded the title of Supervisory Censor, and was soon transferred to Zuo Si Governor.

In the early years of Taiding, when he was appointed as the general manager of Shaoxing Road, the county levied salt based on population. The people were impoverished due to the forced collection. Wang Kejing then made a request to reduce the salt quota by 5,000 yin. The provincial government called on Wang Kejing to levy taxes on those who shipped goods from overseas for trade, and those who violated the freight agreement would have their goods confiscated as usual. The merchants defended themselves on the grounds that feng shui was unpredictable, but the relevant departments did not listen. Wang Kejing said: "Some goods leave a certain country, and the location is far or near, and the goods are light or heavy. They braved many dangers, went in and out of thousands of deaths, gave up shortcuts and took long roads, and gave up heavy goods and light goods. Is it consistent with this? Is it a favor?" He reported the situation to the superiors in detail, and no one could refute him, and the businessmen were grateful to him. He was promoted to deputy envoy of the Jiangxi Daolian Visiting Department, and was appointed envoy of the Salt Transportation Department of Zhejiang and Zhejiang Provinces. He first reduced the salt tax of Shaoxing people by 5,000 yuan. The next year, he was promoted to the official envoy of Hunan Dao Lian and transferred to the Haidao Capital to transport thousands of households. This year, when the celestial calendar changed, some ships transporting grain by sea to Zhigu failed to complete the transportation task and transported the grain back to the south. The province wanted to punish the officials who supervised the transportation and ordered them to transport it back again. Direct sale. Wang Kejing said: "If they go back and forth like this all year round, they really should be punished. Now they have gone through thousands of deaths to transport the grain back to the south intact. Isn't it that they have no choice but to do this?" So he asked them to count the number of stones transported. , and was sent to the capital on a ship transported by water the following year. The provincial ministers followed his advice.

He entered the imperial court and served as Minister of the Ministry of Personnel. He was ordered to go to Huai'an as an envoy. He fell from his horse and recuperated in Wuzhong.

In the early years of the Yuan Dynasty, Qi returned to serve as the governor of Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, and requested to cancel the rule that the rich people share the Jianghuai farmland. The imperial court followed his suggestion. There was a family with a surname in Songjiang that transported ten thousand kilo of rice to the capital every year. After that person died, his descendants were so poor that they had to beg. The relevant departments still collected the money every year. If the rice was not enough, it was mixed into the Songjiang land tax, and the people were responsible for paying it. Wang Kejing said: "A common man sacrificed rice indiscriminately and asked for a title to gain the glory of one person. Now he is dead and his family is ruined, and the court has revoked his title. We cannot let everyone in the county suffer from his harm. The country's Will the cost be less than ten thousand shi of grain?" Discuss this matter in detail and exempt him from the amount of grain donation.