The local customs, folk art, cultural relics and folk customs of Xiaoshan (reproducible)

Xiaoshan, formerly known as Yuji and Yongxing.

outstanding people

Xiaoshan was founded as Yu Ji in AD 2, but it was renamed in the first year of Tianbao in Tang Dynasty (AD 742), and it has been used ever since. Hunan Lake, with outstanding people and a long history, became famous earlier than the West Lake. It is surrounded by water and mountains, and it is famous for its beautiful scenery. The story of Gou Jian, the King of Yue, lying on his laurels in Mount Yuewangcheng, which is adjacent to Xianghu Lake, is a household name and has been passed down through the ages. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Xi Shi, one of China's four beauties, He Zhizhang, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, Ge Yunfei, a national hero, Cai Dongfan, a famous painter, and Tang Shouqian, a modern politician, left a glorious chapter for Xiaoshan!

adhering to the historical context, Xiaoshan people have formed a unique entrepreneurial culture, and created the "Xiaoshan spirit" of "running endlessly and bravely standing in the forefront". From the spirit of reclamation in those days to the spirit of "four thousand", "competing with the strong, fighting with the brave, and striving for heights". Nowadays, the people of Xiaoshan enrich and develop the Xiaoshan spirit with the times, and it has evolved into a vivid practice of integrating into Hangzhou, building a new Xiaoshan and leading new development, which is becoming a powerful driving force for building a prosperous, harmonious and modern Xiaoshan. This is the real Xiaoshan.

customs and specialties

Xiaoshan dried radish

When it comes to Xiaoshan, I have to mention Xiaoshan dried radish! How delicious a fried bacon with dried radish is! Xiaoshan Dried Radish is produced in Xiaoshan City, Zhejiang Province. It is named after the "one-knife" radish in this city, which is similar to a kitchen knife in length and can be divided into two halves when processing. It has the characteristics of Huang Liang color, uniform strip shape, suitable saltiness and sweetness, crisp and tender, and is a good food for breakfast. According to "China Native Products Collection", Xiaoshan dried radish "has the functions of anti-inflammation, heatstroke prevention and appetizing, and is a delicious food for breakfast". The main producing areas are distributed in the villages and towns of Xiaoshan, such as Kanshan, Zheshan, Xinwan, Yipeng, Guali and Chengbei.

Dried radish is cylindrical, with a diameter of 4 ~ 5cm and a weight of about 15g. Its skin is thick and white, and its water content is low. The processing method also adopts the wind dehydration method, and the knife is cut into strips, each with a border skin, and then spread out in the sun, turning it several times a day, and covering it at night to prevent the fog from soaking in the rain. Sun for 2 ~ 3 days, soft to the touch, and can be pickled. Put radish strips in a container, add salt and mix well, and knead vigorously until the salt is melted. Batch into the cylinder, step by step practical, two days later out of the cylinder, evenly spread out in the sun, frequently turn. After three or four days, add proper amount of salt, mix well, put in jars in layers, compact layer by layer, cover with surface salt, and seal. It usually takes about a week to make. The finished product does not need roots, spots, green heads and bad strips, and it will not be bad after years and its fragrance will not be scattered. This product has a production history of more than 8 years.

Xiaoshan lace

Speaking of Xiaoshan, another specialty is Xiaoshan lace and China cross stitch! Xiaoshan lace, also known as Wanlvsi and Wan Li, was introduced into Xiaoshan Kanshan Town from Venice in the early 2th century. After more than 7 years of development and innovation, the original pattern has developed from monotonous to various categories, including more than 2, kinds of bedspreads, tablecloths, curtains, sofa cover, cushions, brooches and embroidered shirts, with novel composition, elegant colors, diverse needles and exquisite skills. Its products are exported to more than 5 countries and regions. The huge lace curtains in Zhejiang Hall of the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, the lace curtains in Ningxia Hall and the panoramic view of the West Lake in the VIP room of Hangzhou Airport are all representative masterpieces of Xiaoshan lace. Now handmade lace is an extremely precious work of art!

Xiaoshan Dried Mushroom

Another thing is that Xiaoshan Dried Mushroom is a traditional specialty of Yinong Town. Yinong Town (formerly Jiazao Township) originally belonged to Shaoxing County, so it has always been named "Shaoxing Dried Vegetables". This product is made of large leaf mustard, which is rich in aroma, delicious and tender, and will remain unchanged for a long time. It is a popular food that is eaten all the year round. Braised meat with dried vegetables is a famous dish with traditional folk flavor.

Myrica rubra in Xiaoshan

Myrica rubra is a specialty of Zhejiang. Xiaoshan, Cixi, Yuyao, Lanxi and other places are the producing areas of Myrica rubra, among which the Myrica rubra produced in Dujia area of Xiaoshan is the most famous. This kind of bayberry has large particles, 28 to 3 per 5 grams. Small core, round meat column and fresh and sweet taste. Generally, it matures about 5 days after the summer solstice. The cultivation of Myrica rubra in Xiaoshan has a long history, with more than 4 varieties such as early color, late color, white Myrica rubra and grass plum. Myrica rubra has the characteristics of large fruit, small core and sweet juice. So it can be said that where is the best bayberry in the world? The answer is of course Xiaoshan!

Sanhuang Chicken

The origin of Xiaoshan Chicken was introduced to the people by fighting cocks raised in the Yue Palace during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, so it was also called "Yue Chicken". Because of its yellow beak, yellow feathers and yellow feet, it is also called "Sanhuang Chicken". This chicken is fat, white and tender in meat, delicious in taste, fast in early growth, strong in disease resistance, foraging ability and adaptability, and is one of the eight excellent chicken breeds in China. The main producing areas are Guali, Yipeng and Chengbei.

Southern Song Dynasty official kiln porcelain

Southern Song Dynasty official kiln is the first of the five famous kilns in Song Dynasty. In 1276, the collapse of the Southern Song Dynasty led to the destruction of the Southern Song Dynasty's official kilns, and the official kilns naturally became the last funerary objects of the Southern Song Dynasty and disappeared in the long river of history. Professor Guozhen Ye, a master of ceramic arts and crafts in China and a ceramic expert with outstanding contributions to the country, began to inspect the Southern Song Dynasty official kiln site (Wuguishan Southern Song porcelain kiln site in Hangzhou) in 1968 in order not to make the China celadon represented by the Southern Song Dynasty official kiln become a "swan song". During the long test process, after more than 2, formula adjustments and more than 1 experiments around the clock, the Southern Song Dynasty official kiln porcelain was finally successfully restored in 1978, and the Southern Song Dynasty official kiln porcelain was unveiled.

Qianjiang Beer

Qianjiang Beer produced by Qianjiang Brewery is made of excellent local raw materials and Shi Ying mineral water. It is brewed in open-air horizontal tanks of Daochuang in China and filled with complete set of flowing water equipment imported from West Germany. The wine is light yellow and clear, and the wine tastes mellow and refreshing. "Qianjiang Beer" and "Qianjiang Qingquan Beer" have successively won the titles of excellent products in the department and province, and "China Beer" has been exported to the United States.

canned water shield

Water shield is native to the south of the Yangtze River in China, and it is most famous in Xianghu Lake, Xihu Lake and Taihu Lake. However, regardless of the quality, cultivation time and historical popularity of water shield, Xianghu water shield is the first to be promoted. The southern song dynasty's "records of the meeting" contains: "Xiaoshan Xianghu is a special treasure." After the cooking "West Lake Water Shepherd Soup" in Hangzhou became famous, the water shepherd used in it was mostly produced in Xianghu Lake. The canning of water shield for sale abroad also began in Xiaoshan.

Zhejiang Longjing Tea

Zhejiang Longjing Tea, comparable to the traditional famous tea "West Lake Longjing", is a rising star in Zhejiang famous tea spectrum. Xiaoshan is the birthplace and main producing area of Longjing tea in Zhejiang. The social value of Zhejiang Longjing tea in our city exceeds its economic value. When entertaining relatives and friends or after a festive banquet, if you can drink a cup of Longjing tea with excellent color, fragrance, taste and shape, you can add a cordial and warm atmosphere!

Xiaoshan customs

Xiaoshan belongs to Shaoxing in ancient times, so many customs and habits are the same as Shaoxing, and Xiaoshan belongs to Wuyue Cultural District. Therefore, many customs and habits in the south of the Yangtze River are similar, and many customs are floating in the countryside, so it is difficult to enumerate them. Here are some customs and habits of Xiaoshan.

little lantern in linpu

the dragon lantern performance in hengyi village of linpu town originated in the spring festival of 1945 and continues to this day. In this village, almost everyone of the villagers participated in the Dragon and Horse Lantern Show. Nowadays, in various large-scale cultural activities held in Xiaoshan, this amateur dragon and horse lantern performance team has made frequent appearances, such as this year's Lantern Festival and the just-concluded Dangshan Temple Fair, all of which have their wonderful performances. The relevant person in charge of the District Bureau of Culture, Radio, Film and Television Press and Publication said that it is very rare for a village to have such a profound cultural heritage. Burning locusts

In the Records of Xiaoshan County in past dynasties, almost all the Lantern Festival is a custom record of decorating with lanterns. In fact, in the northern sandy land, the Lantern Festival has never had the custom of putting on lights; Its unique festivals are like burning locusts, picking up purple aunts and eating rape and fried rice cakes. Let's talk about burning locusts.

The so-called burning locusts means burning reeds by the pond or thatch on the ridge on the night of the 14th day of the first month, or tying a torch with your own twined hemp stalks and straw, running and burning in the field and shouting loudly, "Wow! Wow! Hehe hehe hehe hehe hehe hehe hehe hehe hehe hehe hehe hehe hehe hehe hehe hehe hehe hehe hehe hehe hehe hehe hehe hehe hehe hehe hehe hehe hehe hehe hehe hehe hehe hehe hehe hehe hehe hehe hehe hehe hehe hehe hehe hehe hehe hehe hehe hehe hehe hehe hehe hehe hehe hehe hehe hehe hehe hehe hehe hehe hehe hehe hehe hehe hehe hehe hehe hehe hehe hehe hehe hehe hehe hehe. It is said that the purpose of setting fire to grass in such a happy way is to burn eggs to herald a good year, so it is called burning locusts.

Most of the people who burn locusts are little boys and boys, and there are fewer older men, such as men in their thirties and forties. No one organized, no one mobilized, at most, excited children encouraged and encouraged each other during the day, but when it was getting dark, there were scattered torches and fires on the vast sand plain, and the roar of "Hua Ho Ho" gradually sounded, followed by more and more fires and cries. In a blink of an eye, everywhere is a flowing torch. The firewood for burning locusts is mainly the residual reeds and thatchs on the edge of the pond. Anyone who goes out late and can't burn the residual reed and grass will spend some of his own firewood. Some children bind two or three bamboo tips to make torches burn, and even pour kerosene and diesel oil, so that they can hold the torches high and shout and run on the wheat field.

In the activities of burning locusts in sandy land for many years, I have never heard of anyone catching fire because of it. Perhaps it is because there are many grass huts in the sandy land that even children and burning locusts pay more attention to the fire. Occasionally, I heard someone swearing. It was just that the naughty child burned his straw pile or took away several bundles of twined hemp stalks. But it seems that it is right to burn locusts, and no one will sympathize with his scolding.

burning locusts has become a festival custom, which is inseparable from the frequent locust plagues in the history of sandy land. The recorded catastrophic locust plague in Xiaoshan in 1929 also occurred in the sand. Locust, like a grasshopper with a big head, has developed hind legs and is good at jumping and flying. It feeds on Gramineae plants, and the hard mouthparts can eat the whole cotton and corn with only one polished rod left. They also have the habit of gregarious, and they are extremely fertile. In the dry season, they spread very quickly, often flying in the dark, and wherever they go, large crops are destroyed. There was no pesticide to control insects before, and the only way was to catch them manually. Locusts lay eggs in short and curved oviposition tubes, and the eggs are produced in pieces at the roots of crops. The main way to get rid of ovaries is to burn them. Lantern Festival and Spring Festival activities have come to an end, and spring ploughing production is about to begin. Placing the burning of locusts as one of the contents of the Lantern Festival naturally implies the intention of not forgetting the plague of locusts and taking agriculture as the foundation.

The old county annals all say: "The people in the eastern soil are more simple but lost, while the people in the western soil are more polite but lost." As a sandy land in the eastern part of Xiaoshan, it burns locusts or is disdained by local chroniclers because of its meanness. In fact, it fully reveals the "simplicity" closely related to people's livelihood; In contrast, the lanterns in the western soil are really a bit lost. Sand boat

In the sand plain, rivers are like nets, and in the past, transportation mainly depended on boats.

for hundreds of years, there are many kinds of ships in the sand, and they have many names. In terms of rivers, there are inland river boats and outer river boats; In terms of load, there are small boats, large ships, six-ton ships and ten-ton ships. In terms of awning, there are awning boats, white awning boats, full awning boats, single awning boats, bare-faced boats, etc. There are rowing boats, paddle boats, bull tugboats, pole boats, sail boats, paddle boats, wheel tugs and so on. Both of them are "paddle boats", and they have different names because of different uses, such as port boats, sailing boats, fast-moving boats, mud boats, ash-changing boats, egret boats, and grave-going boats. Here, the selection of several distinctive vessels is introduced as follows.

Cattle Tugboat

Before 195s, there were many sandy rivers and banks, but both banks were silty sandy soil. When it rained, all the sediment flowed, and the river bend was shallow. When it was sunny, bigger ships could not pass. So cattle tugboats became the most common way of water transportation.

Cattle tugboat is a group of boats (usually 6 boats) towed by a buffalo. One person sits on the bow in front, holding a whip to command the buffalo; Another man, with a pole in his hand, walked back and forth on the boat behind him, correcting the crew at any time to avoid stranding. Cattle tugboat's boat, uniform in style, is roughly one foot long and five feet wide, with shallow hull and straight surface, just like a normal boat with its head and tail cut off, leaving only a cabin section in the middle. This is very similar to the kneading ferries set up in some ferries in Shaoxing in the past. Because there are no special ferrymen, pedestrians have to pull the ropes hanging on both sides of the boat to make the transition. In order to be stable and not capsized, the hull is almost square. Cattle tugboats are made in this shape for the same purpose. Because the hull is small, the draft is shallow, and the load is not large, the cattle tugboat mainly transports farm tools, grain, pickles in jars, and miscellaneous daily necessities, in short, some light goods. This kind of boat can only be connected in series and towed by cattle, but it can't be supported and rowed for a long distance, so it is also a special boat for cattle tugboats.

It's hard for a buffalo to drag this string of boats, and its feet have to step on the bottom of the river to use force. Therefore, in the 196s and 197s, when the river was generally deep and widened, bull tugboats generally walked in the nearshore area where cows were exposed to dew. Because buffaloes can swim for a short distance, when they meet deep river sections such as Crossmouth, the bull tugboat can also pass safely. After the ship arrives at the terminal, the owner's first priority is to remove the yoke, bring the cows aboard and feed them with refined feed such as oil cakes and corn. If it is winter, we should also add some soju to the feed to get rid of the cold and warm up. With the dredging of sandy river and the appearance of wheel towing, cattle tugboats are becoming scarce. By the mid-197s, it had completely disappeared.

boating with different poles

boating with different poles is another common way to sail in the era of bull tugboat. Don't paddle, paddle or fiber, but use a supporting pole to "don't". The method is to insert the "pole-supporting old man" in the stern, and when people hold the pole-supporting tip on the shore to push it, the ship will move forward. Don't stick, they are all as long as possible, and the lower part is not very thick bamboo. The stern of a sand boat is different from other places because of the need to sail without poles. When shipbuilding, the stern is specially extended by more than one foot to form a hollow inverted triangle, and the two sides of the inverted triangle are nailed with thick plates, and the support rods are inserted from the triangular holes, so as not to hold the thick plates. As a result, even after the widespread use of oars, the stern is still this style, except for small boating. When sailing without a pole, the bow is always slightly inward, and the stern is biased towards the middle of the bay, so that you can hold the water and hold the boat. Although the promoters on the shore hold the pole, they all push it with the tip of the pole against their chest and lean forward, so that they can use their strength.

port boat

a port boat is a kind of daytime boat used for carrying passengers and goods. They all set sail from a place in the morning, stopped at several docks along the way, got on and off some passengers, picked up and unloaded goods by the way, and finally reached the finish line and returned to a place on the same day.

Guali Town, which is adjacent to Shaoxing, used to be a bazaar center of radiating sandy land. There are many ports and boats leading to Guali everywhere in the sandy land, and there is one in almost every market town. Some are not market towns, but there are some vegetable vendors in the morning, and there is also a port boat. Port ships have three cabins, and each cabin has a canopy, so people can't stand upright in the cabin, which is the so-called "full-covered ship". The awning is made of bamboo, with a bamboo shell in the middle, which is semi-circular and painted black with bituminous coal and tung, which makes it a "wupeng", but it is usually called a port boat instead of a wupeng boat.

port ship