Detailed data collection in Serengeti

Serengeti is 1-3 degrees south latitude and 34-36 degrees east longitude. On the vast grassland in Mala, Arusha and Southwest Canada, 1956 is integrated with Ngorongoro Biological Reserve, which is internationally recognized and listed in the World Cultural and Natural Heritage List, and has become a UNESCO biological reserve in human and ecological aspects, with about 70 species of large mammals and animals.

Chinese name: Serengeti Geographical location: south of the Great Rift Valley, north of Tanzania and China, with an area of 30,000 square kilometers. Type: Animal Paradise in Biological Reserve, Great Migration, Geographical Environment, Ecological Protection, Tourism, Tanzania, Animal Paradise. This is a paradise for wild animals and the place with the largest number of wild animals in the world. In the cartoon "madagascar 2", four main characters, lion, zebra, hippo and giraffe, run on the vast African prairie. In reality, you can see their faces in the equatorial region of Africa. Many animals in Africa have a "fishy smell". In addition to the above four species, there are African elephants, greedy mice and birds, colorful mandrills on the verge of extinction, gazelles and hedgehogs with long ears. If you are lucky, you may see such a picture: the male gazelle uses two long and straight horns like swords to snatch the desired female; The long-eared hedgehog suddenly curled up and rolled away like a ball to avoid the enemy. Common wild animals in Africa are gorillas, baboons, cheetahs, antelopes, wildebeests, buffaloes, rhinoceroses, crocodiles, tortoises with side necks, chameleons, African lizards, blind snakes, African tree frogs, frogs, ostriches, african grey parrot, African Cecil warblers, thrushes, red-billed finches, hornbills, banana cuckoos, African crucian carp and African lungfish. Serengeti National Park is built in it. The Great Migration Serengeti is the "endless plain" of Marseille. She has the largest animal community on earth: countless wildebeests, zebras, Thomson gazelles, Grant gazelles, hyenas and giraffes, as well as five world-famous African animals such as lions, elephants, black rhinoceroses, buffaloes and cheetahs, and more than 300 kinds of birds, which constitute the largest animal natural ecosystem in the world. From May to June every year, herbivores in Serengeti (about/kloc-0.5 million wildebeests and zebras, 300,000 Thomson gazelles and 30,000 Grant gazelles) migrate from the central plains to the areas with water all the year round in the west. From July to August, some of them migrated from Serengeti to Masai Mara grassland, and a huge army of animals formed a magnificent landscape that shocked the world. During the migration, the sight of "thousands of troops and horses" crossing the Mara River is also a highlight of the great migration. Geographical environment Crater Ngorongoro was a huge volcano erupting magma 2 million years ago. Now it is a volcanic basin with an area of over 1.6 square kilometers. It takes more than 80 kilometers to drive on the road to see animals. The terrain here is unique, the surrounding area is closed, the climate is favorable and the water plants are fertile. Because there was no drought and flood, even wildebeests and zebras lost their instinct to migrate, and the herbivores at the mouth of Ngorongoro volcano became permanent residents. Carnivores have become the guardians of the natural balance, and killing has become a just move to eliminate the old, the weak and the sick. There are lush grasslands all year round, lush shrubs and tall locust forests, as well as rivers that never dry up and clear, as well as wetlands, freshwater lakes and saltwater lakes. It is a paradise for animals in the world. Looking down from the top of the volcano, the green grassland embraces the blue lake, which is surrounded by a circle of white saline-alkali land, just like a huge pearl embedded in the grassland. Marianne Lake The vast Marianne Lake is endless. To the north of the lake is an arc-shaped mountain range, just like a crescent-shaped corolla on Mariana's head. Standing on the cliff and looking south, the lake extends to the horizon, and the water and sky are the same. In the dry season in August, the ancient baobab trees on the hillside shed leaves, revealing branches as vigorous as dragons. When you walk under the baobab tree, you will immediately feel great pressure coming on you. Even ten people can't surround a tree hand in hand. Between the foot of the mountain and the lake is a primitive tropical rain forest, which is the real place of crouching tiger, hidden dragon. More than 2000 kinds of animals live and multiply in the jungle. Every plant and animal in the jungle has its own territory and survival skills. Plants provide food for all kinds of animals, and animals provide reproduction and sowing services for plants. Natural cycles are interdependent. Kilimanjaro Mount Kilimanjaro is the symbol of Tanzania, with an altitude of 19344 feet. It is the highest mountain in Africa and the most walkable mountain in the world. Its bottom is 40 miles in diameter, and the crater at the top of the mountain is covered with glaciers, which is very spectacular. Overlooking Kilimanjaro, tourists from all over the world can see the mountain in Kenya, but they must enter Tanzania to climb it. Unfortunately, due to the rising global temperature and the reduction of the peak snowfall, the glacier area of Kilimanjaro has shrunk by more than 80% in the past 80 years, and the snow cap on the top of the mountain threatens to disappear within 20 years, which is undoubtedly like an "ultimatum" for tourists who like this mountain. Ecological protection human steps have broken the peace between heaven and earth, and human ignorance has destroyed the balance of nature. Fortunately, Serengeti has become one of the focuses of the world, and with the help of people of insight, it has become an experimental base for human beings to seek peaceful coexistence with nature. The formation of tourism to attract funds to provide funding, limited scientific artificial intervention to cultivate the natural ecology of the reserve, scientific research to seek natural balance and sustainable development of the reserve. Hotels in Serengeti are all built in the Rocky Mountains formed by volcanic rocks. The house is built on the mountain, and the architectural style is simple and natural, blending with the rocks. From a distance, you can't see the house unless you see the rocks. Only when you approach through a rock gate or a forest can you see the real thing. Most hotels are four-star, with bedrooms, bars, banquet halls, swimming pools and other facilities. Living in such a hotel seems to be integrated into the reserve and become a member of nature. Ngorongoro and Maliana hotels are located on high cliffs, far from nature reserves. However, the unique geographical location allows visitors to enjoy the infinite beauty of nature in the nature reserve. Inspired by lightning strike and kindling, scientists in Serengeti found a way to maintain the sustainable development of grassland, and carried out a rotation maintenance method of burning grass in dry season and naturally restoring grassland vitality in rainy season, which provided fertile grassland and living space for animals. Low dams are selectively built on some rivers to form small water storage areas in dry season, and green vegetation is naturally formed around the water storage areas, thus building a living home for hippos. Graded water storage has played a great role, and some areas have also protected the ecology of wetlands and become shelters for more animals such as elephants and buffaloes in dry season. Although we still don't know how far-reaching all these goodwill will affect Serengeti in the case of global environmental deterioration. However, only the harmony between heaven and earth and the protection of the natural ecological chain are the basic points of the dialogue between man and nature. Travel in June 1 1 Next May is the rainy season in Serengeti. At this time, it is a good time to watch animals from sparse to gathering. Since Egypt became the first destination for China citizens in Africa in 2002, the number of tourists from China to Africa has been increasing, and the related tourism products in the market have become increasingly rich, from the initial joint tour routes to more and more in-depth tour products in one country. Self-help travel to Africa has become an endless journey for travelers. Tanzania has four international airports, among which Sanglangang International Airport, Zanzibar International Airport and Kilimanjaro International Airport are passenger airports. International airlines such as Kenya Airways, Emirates Airlines and Ethiopian Airlines all have direct round-trip flights, so tourists can easily arrange their own travel plans. According to the prediction of the United Nations World Tourism Organization, due to the economic crisis, Africa's tourism industry will show a relatively slow growth in 2009. At present, the relatively high cost of air tickets, relatively backward infrastructure and people's ignorance of African culture are still factors that hinder the rapid development of African tourism. In the past 10 years, Tanzania has gradually grown into an independent tourist destination, especially its northern tourist route, which embodies the essence of "hunting travel". There are various ecosystems and wild animals on the African continent, from the endless Serengeti grassland to the dense riverside forest in Maniara, from the symbolic savanna in Africa to the lush and integrated ecosystem in Ngoro. The great migration of African wildlife constitutes a perfect trip to Africa. The route also includes Kilimanjaro Mountain, Ngoro Crater, Oduwei Grand Canyon and other landmark attractions. It is the most prosperous tourist route in Tanzania. Travel tips 1. Serengeti in Tanzania is separated from Masai Mara in Kenya by a river, and these two areas are natural homes for animals. In the past, the two places were free to pass. After the border between the two places 1977 is closed, Tanzanian tourists are most welcome to arrive at Sanlan Port first and then transfer to Serengeti. However, the main international airport in East Africa is Nairobi, the capital of Kenya. Many tour groups still choose to go to Nairobi, the capital of Kenya, and then enter from Amboseli in the southwest or Isbana in the northwest to go to Serengeti. Route: A. Guangzhou flies directly to Nairobi, Kenya, then transfers to Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and then transfers to an off-road vehicle to enter Serengeti. B Guangzhou flies directly to Nairobi, takes the bus to Masai Mara, then transfers to the border crossing in Isbana and goes straight to Serengeti. C Guangzhou flies directly to Nairobi, enters Amboseli by bus, transits to Arusha in Tanzania, and enters Serengeti via Maliana and West Golengo. 2. The currencies of Tanzania and Kenya are shillings. Both currencies are common in Serengeti, but the exchange rate gap is very large. The RMB to Kenyan shilling is 1 yuan: 10.99 shilling; RMB to Tanzanian shilling is 1 yuan: 192.09 shilling. On the whole, Kenya is much richer than Tanzania. 3. The annual temperature difference in Serengeti is very small, with an average annual temperature of 20. At 8℃, the rainfall is mainly concentrated in 165438+ 10 to May of the following year. For more than 3 million herbivores, the huge Serengeti is still too big. In the dry season, there are few animals per square kilometer in the central grassland. Only the rainy season is the gathering time of Serengeti, and February is the breeding season of wildebeests every year. When herbivores gather, a large number of carnivores are attracted, so the best time to watch animals hunt is from February to June every year. Tanzania is an agricultural country. The main crops are corn, wheat, rice and sorghum, and the cash crops are coffee, cotton, sisal, cashew nuts, cloves and tea. As a multi-party democracy, Tanzania pursues the policy of socialism and self-reliance, but it is difficult to be self-sufficient. It is one of the most developed countries in the world declared by the United Nations. In 2009, about half of the population still lived below the poverty line, and daily consumer goods needed to be imported. A reporter from Tanzania once said: "When the world is about to enter the 2 1 century, we still live in thatched sheds like bird's nests in rice fields, and even live in a room with chickens and sheep. How can we talk about social development and progress? " Like many African countries, tourism is the main source of Tanzania's foreign exchange income because of its rich tourism resources. It is reported that in addition to the world-famous Mount Kilimanjaro, the three major lakes in Africa, Lake Victoria, Lake Tanganyika and Lake Malawi, are all on the border of Tanzania. Tanzania also has famous natural landscapes such as Ngoro Crater, the Great Rift Valley in East Africa and Lake Maniana, and historical and cultural landscapes such as the slave city of Sangdao and the oldest ancient human site in the world. In the past few years, Tanzania's tourism industry has grown steadily, and its tourism income is almost three times that of agriculture, making it the leader of the national economy. Tanzania-Zambia Railway Tanzania-Zambia has friendly and cooperative relations with China in the political and economic fields. One of its important symbols is the Tanzania-Zambia Railway, which was jointly built by China, Tanzania and Zambia in 1970s, and it is also one of the largest foreign aid projects in China so far. When building the Tanzania-Zambia Railway, due to the difficulty of construction and backward equipment, we had to adopt the "sea of people tactics". During the construction, dozens of China construction workers were killed or injured. After the completion of the railway, it provided an extremely important traffic trunk line for Tanzania and Zambia, promoted the economic development and exchanges between the two countries, and was praised as the "road to freedom" by the two peoples. Through their own efforts and the help of friendly countries, the Tanzanian way of life-"eating a tree (banana, mango, coconut, papaya, etc.), wearing a cloth (kangjia coarse cloth to cover the whole body) and cooking and boiling water with three bricks (bricks or stones to support the bottom of the pot)" has been rewritten.