The development of foreign steel structures and thin-walled light steel residential buildings?

Steel structure, especially light steel structure, building systems were born in the early 20th century and developed rapidly during World War II. During this period, they were mostly used in military construction facilities that required high construction speed; portal rigid frame structures appeared in the 1940s; and in the 1960s, lightweight enclosure systems composed of colored profiled plates and cold-formed thin-walled steel bars began to be widely used. In recent years, with the increase in the total amount of steel in the world and the decrease in the amount of steel used in international military demand, some major steel-producing countries and economically and technologically developed countries, such as Europe, North America, Japan and Australia, have continued to expand the scope of use of steel structures and build various Steel structure residences, according to their living habits, mainly build low-rise independent residences with 1-3 floors. With the reduction of land resources and the increase in population in various countries, represented by North America and Europe, multi-story light steel structure residences have begun. research and development. The proportion of steel used in construction in various countries in the total steel consumption has increased significantly, and in Japan it is around 50. The amount of steel used in steel structures in countries such as the United States, Sweden, and Japan has accounted for more than 30% of steel production, and the area of ??steel structures accounts for more than 40% of the total construction area.

1. Europe

In the 1950s, due to the severe trauma of World War II, Europe had a huge demand for housing. In order to solve the housing shortage problem, some European countries adopted a steel structure building system with a high degree of industrialization. , built a large number of residences, forming a number of complete and standard steel structure residential systems, which continue to this day. In Finland, Sweden, Denmark, France and other countries, various steel structure building systems have become very popular. Among them, Sweden's steel structure, especially the light steel structure, is the most developed. 95% of the light steel structure residential prefabricated components are the most popular in the world today. The largest manufacturer of light steel structure housing, producing and supplying to European countries.

2． North America and Australia

In the United States, Canada and Australia, the light steel structure residential building system that uses galvanized light steel keels to replace the traditional wooden structure has been developed for more than 30 years. In 1996, the proportion of light steel structure residences in residential construction in the United States reached 20%; in Canada, the proportion was about 30%; in Australia, the proportion of steel structure residences accounted for about 50%. However, this structural form is mainly used in low-rise small residences. Since the late 1990s, multi-story light steel keel housing has developed rapidly in North America, with approximately 3 million square meters built so far. In addition to residential buildings, this system is also used in nursing homes, holiday hotels, primary schools and other buildings.

The light steel structure residential building system uses profiles made of galvanized cold-formed thin-walled steel as the load-bearing part of the structure. It is often used to build 2-3-story low-rise residences. The yield strength of the material used in galvanized cold-formed thin-walled steel is Q235 or Q345. The wall steel keels are arranged according to a certain modulus, and the general center distance is 400mm or 600mm; the cold-formed thin-walled steel section is between 93-200mm, and the steel plate thickness is between 0.84-1.91mm. The steel keel section of its floor structure is generally between 150-300mm, the steel plate thickness is between 0.84-2.56mm, and the maximum floor span can currently reach 8-9m. The roof trusses can be directly overlapped with light steel ribs.

The exterior walls of light steel structure residences often use energy-saving, lightweight composite sandwich walls, and the interior walls can use gypsum boards; kitchen and bathroom walls use waterproof gypsum boards or cement pressure boards; the floors use lightweight Quality structural panels; roofing materials such as colorful tiles and color plate tiles can be used.

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