English introduction of tourist attractions in Jining Introduce the scenic spots in Jinan in English.

Jining City is located in the southwest of Shandong Province. It has jurisdiction over 12 counties, districts and urban areas, with an area of 1000 square kilometers.

Jining has a pleasant climate with four distinct seasons, namely, spring, summer, autumn and winter. It is one of the four national coal production bases in China.

Jining has a civilization history of 7,000 years, and has enjoyed the reputation of "the hometown of Confucius and Mencius" or "the state of etiquette" since ancient times. As we all know, Confucius was born in Jining during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period in the history of China.

English introduction about tourist attractions in Jinan? The shorter the better! (Qianfo Mountain, Daming Lake, Baotu Spring)

Jinan, the "Spring City", is deeply loved by tourists because of its numerous springs.

Jinan, the capital of Shandong Province, is located in the middle and west of Shandong Province.

What kind of city is Jinan? We can see from its various unique features.

Jinan is a famous historical city with a history of more than 2,000 years, and is famous for its numerous cultural relics. It is the cradle of Longshan culture, which is a famous prehistoric culture in China. It is located in Longshan Town, Jinan, hence its name. In Jinan area, you will find many more ancient Great Wall of Qi State (770 BC _ 2265438+ 0B BC), painted sculptures of Song Dynasty in Lingyan Temple and so on.

Jinan is the hometown of Shandong cuisine, which is a popular China cuisine.

Jinan's unique tourist souvenirs include Ejiao, black pottery, Lu embroidery and wooden fish products.

Jinan is a good place to watch some typical festivals, including the Lantern Festival in Baotuquan Park, the Lotus Festival in Daming Lake Park and the Double Ninth Festival in Qianfo Mountain.

Jinan is a hospitable city, receiving tourists from all over the world. Kyle Polo once visited Jinan and left a compliment to the city. Spring, Daming Lake and Qianfo Mountain decorate Jinan as a garden city.

Compared with these capital cities or other large and medium-sized cities in China, Jinan has few advantages, lacks metropolitan atmosphere, and the highlight is its abundant springs. Some people say that the charm of Jinan lies not only in the charming natural scenery, but also in the enthusiasm of Jinan people. The beauty of nature is thin and powerless, but the beauty from people is eternal.

How to say some tourist attractions in Jining in English?

the Kong Family Mansion

Kong Lin Confucius Forest

Confucius temple Confucius temple

Mengfu Mengfu

Mencius Temple Mengmiao xinglong tower xinglong tower Weishan Lake Weishan Lake Grand Canal ... Enough?

Introduction to Jining English

Jining City is located in the southwest of Shandong Province, and now has jurisdiction over 2 municipal districts (Rencheng), 3 county-level cities (Zoucheng, Quzhou and Qufu) and 7 counties (Jiawen County, Yutai Jinxiang, Weishan and Sishui Liangshan). Area 1 1000 square kilometers, population 8 1 1000, with mountains in the east and plains, depressions and lakes in the central and western regions. Rivers crisscross and the traffic is very convenient. The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal and beijing-shanghai railway and Beijing-Kowloon railways run through the north and south, Yanshi Railway and Jixin Railway run through the east and west, and Nidong Expressway and Beijing-Fuzhou Expressway run through the whole territory. Jining Airport has opened many routes from Jining to Beijing, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Jinan and Qingdao. Jining has advanced communication equipment, and the whole city has realized program-controlled telephone networking, which can directly dial all over the world.

administrative division

Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, many major changes have taken place in the administrative divisions of Jining. 1949 belongs to Nishan and Taizao of the Central South Shandong Administrative Office. 1950 after the administrative office was revoked, Nishan and Taizao were merged into tengxian area, and 16 counties and cities were under their jurisdiction. 1953, tengxian District merged with Huxi District and changed to Jining District, which governs 14 counties and cities. 1958 merged with Heze, governing seventeen counties and cities. 1959, Jining and Heze were separated on the original basis, governing eight counties and one city. 196 1 Yixian was changed to Zaozhuang City, which is directly under the province. 1978, tengxian was assigned to Zaozhuang city. 1by the end of 978, Jining area had jurisdiction over ten counties and one city. 1983 10, Jining was changed to a prefecture-level city with nine counties and two districts. 1986 Qufu County withdrew from the county to set up a city. 1989 65438+Liangshan county was placed in Jining city in February. 1992 Yanzhou County and Zouxian County were withdrawn from the county to set up a city. 199365438+The suburb was renamed rencheng district in February. Now Jining has jurisdiction over three districts, namely, downtown, rencheng district, Qufu, Yanzhou, Zoucheng, Weishan, Yutai, Jinxiang, Jiaxiang, Wenshang, surabaya county and Liangshan. There are 22 sub-district offices, 94 townships and 39 townships; There are 6556 village (neighborhood) committees, including 6290 village committees and 266 neighborhood committees.

The development of history

About 2000 BC, when Xia Shaokang was born, he was named Guo. Qin is called Rencheng County.

In the second year of Guangxu in the later Zhou Dynasty (952), Jeju was built and Juye was established, and Rencheng County belonged to Jeju. The northern song dynasty still retains it. In the second year of Tiande in Jin Dynasty (1 150), he moved to Jeju County, Rencheng. After several changes in Rencheng or Juye, Rencheng was peaceful because of its high terrain and water resistance, and ruled here in the eighth year of Yuan Dynasty (1348), which is the origin of Jining's name.

In the first year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1368), Jining Road was changed to the government, and Rencheng was still ruled. After Jining Prefecture was reduced to a state, Rencheng was renamed Jining Prefecture.

In the second year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty (1724), it was changed to Zhili Prefecture, and three counties were directly under Shandong Province.

19 13 years, Zhili prefecture was changed to Jining county, which successively belonged to Dainan Road and Jining Road. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, it was attached to the Office of the Second Inspector General.

Jining was liberated for the first time in June, 1946, and its urban and suburban areas were divided into Jining city. In September of the same year, it was occupied by the Kuomintang army and returned to the county seat.

/KLOC-0 was liberated in July, 948, and it is still called Jining City. Since then, it has been changed many times: 1949 belongs to Nishan and Taizao of the Central South Shandong Administrative Office.

1950 after the administrative office was revoked, Nishan and Taizao were merged into tengxian.

1953, tengxian District merged with Huxi District and changed to Jining District, which governs 14 counties and cities.

1958 merged with Heze.

1959, Jining and Heze were separated on the original basis.

1983 10 Jining area was revoked, Jining city was promoted to a provincial city, Jining county was revoked, and its jurisdiction was merged into Jining city. Seven counties in Jining, including Yanzhou, Qufu, Zouxian, Jiaxiang, Jinxiang, Yutai and Weishan, were placed under Jining City. Wenshang and Sishui counties in the former Jining area were placed under Tai 'an area.

1on March 22nd, 985, the State Council approved the transfer of Wenshang County and surabaya county in the former Tai 'an area to the jurisdiction of Jining City.

1989 65438+on February 2, the State Council approved Liangshan county in Heze area to be assigned to Jining city.

1 March 1992,1,Yanzhou County was abolished and Yanzhou City was established.

1992 10 10 On October 4th, Zouxian County was abolished and Zoucheng City was established.

1993 12 14, the suburb of Jining was renamed Jining rencheng district.

Population and nationality

In 2006, the city's population maintained a low growth. At the end of the year, the total population of the city was 8 1 1 10,000 people. Among them, the male population is 410.5 million and the female population is 3.96 million; The rural population is 5.96 million, and the urban population is 2 1.57 million. The annual birth population was 84,000, and the birth rate was 10.3‰. The death population was 42,000, with a mortality rate of 5.1‰; The annual net increase in population was 6 1 000, with a natural growth rate of 5.2‰. Jining is a multi-ethnic community, with 38 ethnic minorities except Han nationality and a population of about 50,000. Among them, the number of Hui people is the largest, reaching 42,000. In addition, there are Manchu, Buyi, Zhuang, Korean, Mongolian, Yi, Miao, Bai, Li, Tibetan, Tujia, Russian, She, Yao, Dong, Naxi, Gelao, Hani, Uygur, Dai, Kazak, Yi and Yi. Ethnic minorities are distributed in more than 90 towns and villages in the whole city 12 counties and cities. The overall distribution is characterized by "large dispersion and small concentration", and about half of them live in urban streets and traffic lines. The urban area is the largest, with Muslims alone 1680 people. Yanzhou followed closely, with more than 6,000 Muslims. There are more than 5000 Muslims in Zoucheng. There are more than 2,000 Hui people in Yutai County. There are 35 villages inhabited by Hui people in this city.

physical geography

geographical position

Jining is located in the south of Shandong Province, at the junction of Jiangsu, Shandong, Henan and Anhui provinces. Linyi in the east, Heze, the hometown of peony in the west, Zaozhuang City and Xuzhou City in Jiangsu Province in the south, Tai 'an City in the north and Liaocheng City in the northwest across the Yellow River. The northernmost point is Zouqiao Village, Xiaolukou Town, Liangshan County, with a latitude of 35 57'; The southernmost point is Liu Xin Farm, Gaolou Township, Weishan County, with a latitude of 34 26'; The easternmost point is surabaya county Quanlin Xianglishan Railway Station, east longitude117 36'; The westernmost point is Gaotang Village, Heihumiao Township, Liangshan County, east longitude11552'; North-south length 167 km, east-west width 158 km. Jining, with its superior geographical location and convenient transportation, is an important channel connecting East China and North China, inland and coastal areas. There are three expressways, three railways and four national highways running through the territory, and the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal runs through the north and south. During the year, the military and civilians can use Jining Airport for navigation. The planned Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway will set up a station in Qufu.

area of land

The total land area of the city 10684.9 square kilometers. Among them, the plain area is 5243. 1 km2, accounting for 49.1%of the total area; Depression area 1780 km2, accounting for16.7% of the total area; Lake area 1568.2 km2, accounting for14.7% of the total area; Mountain area 1329.8 km2, accounting for12.4% of the total area; The hilly area is 763.8 square kilometers, accounting for 7. 1% of the total area.

topography

Jining belongs to the junction of Taiyi low hill in southern Shandong and Huanghuaihai plain in southwestern Shandong, and belongs to the fault block depression in southwestern North China in geological structure. The city's topography is mainly plain depressions, with high topography in the east and low topography in the west, and the landform is more complicated. The mountains in the east are endless and undulating. East of beijing-shanghai railway, the altitude is above 50- 100 meters. Famous mountains include Qufu Nishan (the main peak is 344 meters above sea level), Zoucheng Yishan (the main peak is 545 meters above sea level), Phoenix Mountain (the main peak is 648.8 meters above sea level, which is the highest peak in the city), Sishui Yaoshan (the main peak is 582 meters above sea level) and Laozhai Mountain (the main peak). There are many small basins and valleys among the mountains. The eastern foot of Nansi Lake is an alluvial plain in front of Taiyi Mountain, which inclines from east to west. The elevation of the ground is 60-35m, and the ground fluctuates slightly (ground slope11000-1/3000). To the west of Nansi Lake is a relatively flat yellow floodplain, which slopes from west to east. The ground elevation is 39-34m, with little fluctuation (the ground slope is only1/5000-110000). There are sporadic isolated hills and residual hills exposed in the south of Jiaxiang County and the northwest of Jinxiang County, such as Mengliang Mountain (the main peak is 243. 1 m above sea level, which is the highest peak in Jiaxiang County) and Yangshan Mountain. Nansi Lake (Weishan Lake, Nanyang Lake, Zhaoyang Lake and dushan lake) runs through the north and south. The terrain is high around and low in the middle, like a vegetable basin. Minimum elevation of lake bottom: Upper Lake 3 1.5m, Lower Lake 30m. Hubei is the lower edge of the alluvial fan in front of Taiyi Mountain, which inclines from northeast to southwest. The ground elevation is 60-36 meters, and the fluctuation is relatively gentle. The ground slope is 1/3000- 1/5000. Gushan Mountain is located in Juntun and Baishi in the north of Wenshang County.

Climatic characteristics

Jining city is located in the East Asian monsoon climate zone, which belongs to the warm temperate monsoon climate with four distinct seasons. South in summer, affected by tropical marine air mass or denatured tropical marine air mass, with high temperature and rainy weather; There are many northerly winds in winter, influenced by polar continental air masses, and there are many sunny and cold weather; Spring and autumn are the adjustment periods of atmospheric circulation, and spring is prone to drought and windy, and it recovers quickly; It's cool in autumn, but sometimes it rains. Rich in light energy resources is a major feature of Jining's climate. The average annual temperature in Jining is13.3℃-14.1℃, and the average frost-free period is 199 days. The average annual precipitation is about 597-820mm.

water resource

The total level of natural water resources in the city is 5.5 billion cubic meters per year, including 3.4 billion cubic meters of surface water and 2 1 100 million cubic meters of groundwater. The total amount of available water resources is 3.037 billion cubic meters, including 65.438+0.744 billion cubic meters of surface water and 65.438+0.293 billion cubic meters of groundwater. Compared with the average situation of the whole province, the natural water resources in Jining City is 445,000 cubic meters per square kilometer, which is more than the average level of the whole province 1 17000 cubic meters. The per capita possession is 740 cubic meters, 64.8% more than the province's per capita 449 cubic meters; The available water resource is 270,400 m3/km2, 76.8% more than the provincial average152,900 m3, and the per capita available water is 449 m3, 38.7% more than the provincial average of 324 m3. ?

Biological resources

Jining city is rich in animal and plant species. There are 904 kinds of higher plants in the city, including crops, vegetables, woody plants, flowers and trees (flowers), green manure grasses, medicinal plants and wild economic plants. The main crops are wheat, rice, corn, sweet potato and cotton. Among them, the local varieties designated as famous products in Shandong Province are Qufu fragrant rice, Nong Yu No.1 rice, Jingu and Sishui small miscellaneous beans. The forest community situation is as follows: Jining is a warm temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest area, but there are also many plant species introduced from north and south. At present, forest vegetation types are: deciduous broad-leaved pure forest, coniferous mixed forest, coniferous forest and so on. And they are basically artificial forests. Common tree species are: poplar, willow, elm, Sophora japonica, paulownia, melia azedarach, Ailanthus altissima, pine and cypress, and apples, pears, peaches, hawthorn and pomegranate. There are many ancient trees, famous trees and famous fruits in Jining city, which are mainly distributed in temples. In addition, there are some rare tree species, such as Zheshu, Chaiteng, Elm, Gleditsia sinensis, Pteroceltis tatarinowii and Elm. There are 92 families and 357 species of medicinal plants in the city, including more than 80 kinds of medicinal materials. Among the 363 kinds of medicinal materials needed for national census, there are 15 1 medicinal materials in Jining city. There are also many kinds of animals in the city, including more than 30 kinds of breeding animals, 78 kinds of aquatic fish and 36 kinds of mollusks. Livestock and poultry mainly include cattle, horses, donkeys, mules, pigs, sheep, rabbits, chickens, ducks and geese, and a certain number of minks and quails are also raised. Fish resources are also very rich. There are 82 species of freshwater fish belonging to 8 orders 15 families and 55 genera. Among them, there are 50 kinds of carp. Among them, carp, crucian carp, south-central fish and tilapia are the four major economic fish in Jining, as well as shrimps, crabs and shellfish. The main distribution area of these fish, shrimps, crabs and shellfish is Weishan Lake. There are 20/kloc-0 species of birds in Jining city, including resident birds, Xiahou birds, winter migratory birds and travelers. There are 130 kinds of birds with tender meat, such as mallard duck and green-winged duck, and there are also "cleaner" crows that feed on decaying animal carcasses, as well as ornamental birds with graceful posture and gorgeous feathers and rare birds protected by the state, such as lark, crested lark, red-crowned crane, white crane, swan and mandarin duck. In Weishan Lake area, the number of waterfowl ranks first in the province. ?

mineral resources

Jining is rich in mineral resources, and there are more than 70 kinds of minerals with discovered and proven reserves. Mainly coal, followed by limestone, gypsum, barite, rare earth, phosphate rock, iron ore, copper, lead and so on. The city's coal-bearing area is 4826 square kilometers, accounting for 45% of the city's total area. 1500m estimated reserves1780,000 tons, mainly distributed in Yanzhou, Qufu, Zoucheng and Weishan. According to exploration and prediction, the city's coal reserves are 26 billion tons, accounting for 50% of the province's total, and it is one of the eight major coal bases in China. The main coal-bearing strata are all above 10 layer, and the recoverable thickness is about 10 meter, which not only has large reserves, but also has excellent coal quality and is easy to mine. The rare earth mine is located in Weishan, Tanghu Township, Weishan County, with more than 60 proven veins and a geological reserve of12.75 million tons, which is second only to the Bayanobo mine in Inner Mongolia in China. Iron ore is distributed in Liguanji of Wenshang County and Beishan of surabaya county, copper ore is distributed in Beisunxu and Xiaofuzhuang of surabaya county, and lead ore is distributed in Maocun of Wenshang County. These mines are small in reserves, low in grade, and some of them are deeply buried, so it is difficult to mine, which only has long-term significance.

cultural tour

Jining has a civilization history of 7000 years. Since ancient times, it has been known as "the hometown of Confucius and Mencius and the state of etiquette". During the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucius, Mencius, Yanzi, Ceng Zi, Fuxi, Nuwa, Huangdi and Shao Hao were all born in Jining. There are 7 national key cultural relics protection units in the city, 50 at the provincial level and hundreds at the municipal level. Confucius Temple has a long history, a large scale and the highest level. It is the largest man-made garden in ancient China, and the Confucius House, known as "the best in the world", has been declared as a historical and cultural heritage of mankind by UNESCO. These splendid traditional cultures in China have attracted many descendants of the Chinese people at home and abroad to worship and seek their roots to worship their ancestors.

Jining is known as "the hometown of Confucius and Mencius" and "Little Suzhou in the North of the Yangtze River". Tourism started late. Since the reform and opening up, it has gradually developed since the 1980s, forming a certain industrial scale and economic strength, and the number of tourists received and tourism revenue increased rapidly. The six elements of travel, food, housing, transportation, shopping and entertainment have been greatly improved, and the tourism industry has made great progress, basically meeting the needs of tourists.

By the end of 1997, there were seven star-rated tourist hotels in the city, including three-star hotels 1 home and six two-star hotels. There are 20 foreign-related tourist hotels with more than 4,000 beds,15,000 seats and10,000 tourist vehicles, which have a number of high-level amusement facilities.

In recent years, more than 40 tourist areas and scenic spots have been built, renovated and restored, with more than 270 foreign tourists. For example, Six Arts City, Analects of Confucius Monument Garden, Guangshui Garden, Shengshi Lu, Confucius Essence Garden, Jining Museum, etc. It is a provincial-level tourist resort under construction. In addition, a number of tourism projects and facilities are under preparation, and gradually formed scenic spots and tourist areas with urban areas, Qufu, Jiaxiang, Zoucheng, Weishan and Liangshan as the core.

Foreground target

Building a new Jining with developed industry. Accelerate the transformation of economic strategy, build a scientific and reasonable industrial pattern with high-tech industries as the guide, advanced manufacturing and modern service industries as the support and modern agriculture as the foundation, and embark on the road of innovative development, sustainable development and environmental friendliness of resource-based cities. In a little over five years, we will strive to double the regional GDP and local fiscal revenue, reduce the energy consumption per unit GDP by 5% annually, adjust the proportion of the three industries to 8┱55┱37, adjust the added value of coal and electricity to below 35%, adjust the proportion of manufacturing to 60%, adjust the proportion of high-tech industries to 40%, and obviously improve regional competitiveness and comprehensive strength. Building a beautiful new Jining in urban and rural areas. Accelerate the construction of an urban system with central cities as the leader, group layout as the feature and advantageous industries as the support. The urbanization level of the city has reached 50%, the integration of metropolitan areas has made substantial progress, the built-up area of the central city has reached 100 square kilometers, the construction level of county towns and small towns has been comprehensively improved, and new achievements have been made in the construction of new countryside. Strive to achieve the goal of "five cities creating together" as a national civilized city, a national sanitary city, a national garden city, a national environmental protection model city and a national double-support model city. Building a new Jining with prosperous culture. Give full play to the leading role of advanced ideology and culture, integrate and explore rich traditional cultural resources, and strive to achieve a leap from a big city with cultural resources to a famous city with comprehensive cultural strength and competitiveness entering the advanced ranks of the whole province and the whole country. Building a new Jining with a solid livelihood. The quality of life of urban and rural residents has improved significantly, and the happiness index has been continuously improved. The per capita disposable income of urban residents and the per capita net income of farmers in the city reached 6.5438+0.8 million yuan and 7,000 yuan respectively, the registered unemployment rate in cities and towns was controlled within 4%, the social security system was sound, and most counties and cities met the main indicators of a well-off society. Building a harmonious society and building a new Jining. The building of democracy and the legal system has been steadily advanced, and fairness and justice have been earnestly safeguarded. All social undertakings have developed in an all-round way, and the quality of citizens has been continuously improved. The society is more stable and orderly, the people live and work in peace and contentment, and the construction of a harmonious society is at the forefront of the province.

Jining, a city that people all over the country should know.

Now I'm in college, from all over the country! People often ask me, "Where are you from?" I often answer proudly: "Jining, Shandong." At this time, people who ask me are often confused: "Where is Jining!" This is our embarrassment in Jining. As the core of traditional Confucian culture in China, an ancient city with a history of more than 7,000 years is little known. I have a sentence that reminds people of Jining: "Few people know Jining, but as a China person, you should know Jining."

Jining has a long history and culture and is one of the important birthplaces of oriental civilization. The ancient "Three Emperors and Five Emperors" left traces of activities here. The ancestors of human beings, Fuxi, Nuwa, Huangdi and Shao Hao, were all born in Jining, and there are records of "plowing in the mountains, fishing in the rivers, and waterfront pottery". The "Ze" and "Bin" mentioned here are all in Surabaya, Jining. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the "Most Holy Confucius, Asian Saint Mencius, Restoration Saint Yan Zi, Saint Ceng Zi and Saint Zisi", known as the five great saints in the history of China, were all born here. The Five Saints initiated the Confucian culture in China, played an extremely important role in the social and historical development of China, and had a significant and far-reaching impact on world culture. Within the scope of more than 200 kilometers around Jining, a large number of historical celebrities, such as Mozi, Xunzi, a hundred schools of thought contend, Yin, Zhu Geliang and so on, have been born, which have an important position in the history of China. Du Fu, Li Bai and Cao Cao all left footprints in Jining.

Jining has been known as "the hometown of Confucius and Mencius and the state of etiquette" since ancient times. Yuan Dynasty, Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty all set up river yamen in Jining, where emperors such as Qianlong stopped to visit.

There are many places of interest in Jining. There are 9 national key cultural relics protection units, more than 60 at the provincial level and 45 at the municipal level/kloc-0. It is one of the areas with the most concentrated human landscape in China. There is the largest and largest existing forest of imperial steles in China. Confucius Temple, the highest-ranking temple in the history of China, the largest cemetery in ancient China and the "first in the world" Confucius House are collectively called "three holes", among which Confucius Temple and Confucius House are the second largest ancient architectural complex in China after the Forbidden City, and are listed as world cultural heritage by UNESCO. Mengfu, Mengmiao, Menglin, Forest, the site of Lu Gucheng, Shouqiu, the birthplace of the Yellow Emperor, the temple, the tomb of (one of the five emperors), the stone carvings of Tieshan and Gangshan Cliff, and the tomb of the barren king (the tenth son of Zhu Yuanzhang); Jiaxiang Wushi Temple, Han Portrait Stone and Ceng Zi Temple; Yin Tomb in Liangmuwei Mountain, Zhang Han; Baoxiang Temple, Prince's Soul Tower, Buddhist relics in Wenshang; Taibai Building, Shengyuan Building, Tashi and Dongda Temple in Jining City. The stone reliefs of the Han Dynasty in Wushi Temple are known as the "encyclopedia" to study the history of China. The Han tablet in Jining is famous for its large number and high value, and it is known as "the Han tablet in the world is half Jining". These places of interest have accumulated a profound cultural heritage for Jining, an ancient land. These splendid traditional cultures in China have attracted many descendants of the Chinese people at home and abroad to worship and seek their roots to worship their ancestors.

Moreover, the "Four Books and Five Classics", which have a supreme position in the cultural history of China, all originated in Jining. Many allusions and stories quoted in China's earliest enlightenment textbook Saint Amethyst also took place in Jining. Jining has the capital of Lu, and the Duke of Zhou participated in the Zhou Dynasty. The Water Margin, one of China's four classical novels, took place in Liangshan, Jining. The Butterfly Lovers, one of the four great folklores in China, took place in Ma Po, Jining. Classic ancient prose