Why is the name of our festival Guanmiao River?

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Yunnan Song and Yuan Dynasties

Dali regime maintained a vassal relationship with Song Dynasty. Shortly after the establishment of the Song Dynasty, the leader of Dali was named "the king of eight counties in Yunnan", and later the king of Dali was named "the king of Dali in Yunnan, the 36-year-old ghost master before Fushan in south Zhang Yao of Dadu River, the general of Huaihua, and the loyal king". In the seventh year of Zhenghe (1 1 17), Wang Duan of Dali was officially awarded the title of "Commissioner of Yunnan Province, Dr. Jin Guanglu, School Supervisor, Guozhu and King of Dali". King Dali also paid tribute to the Song Dynasty, and became the main force in the Southern Song Dynasty to resist the western line of Mongolian nobles, repelling the repeated attacks of Mongolian nobles on Yunnan. It is not in line with historical facts that the so-called "Song wields a jade axe" and then abandons Yunnan.

Dali regime basically inherited the border since Nanzhao, starting from Hengshan in Pu 'an Road in the east, reaching Jiangtou City in Myanmar in the west, Lucang River in Lin 'an Road in the south, and Daliu River in Luosi in the north, which governs Yunnan, Sichuan, Southwest and Northwest Guizhou. There are eight prefectures, four counties and thirty-seven administrative divisions, and feudal serfdom is practiced. Later, due to the contradiction between the king of Dali and the big and small lords, chiefs from all walks of life became the predecessors of Yunnan Tusi, which hindered the social and economic development of Yunnan. 1253, Kublai Khan led a hundred thousand troops, crossed Jinsha and attacked Dali. The following year, the king of Duan Xingzhi was executed and died. Dali Kingdom was passed on to twenty-two masters, ***3 15, and it ended in the Song Dynasty.

In the first year of the Southern Song Dynasty (1260), the Southern Song Dynasty still set the old main department of Dali as the hereditary general manager, and many senior military and political officials of the former dynasty became hereditary feudal chieftains. After the Yuan Dynasty recruited the Yunnan Army, he led Yanshi in Baliang River Terrace. Because of "the appointment of non-human, the decrees changed repeatedly", Marshal Baohe Ding was "autocratic and not good at appeasement", and the ethnic and class contradictions were sharp. In the first year of Yuan Dynasty (1264), barbarians did not dare to set off a struggle in Dianchi Lake. In the 11th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1274), Kublai Khan decided to personally send a talented Hui scholar, Shan Siding, to "pacify" Yunnan in order to end the long-term turbulent political situation and further develop Yunnan. 1275, Yunnan Province was formally established, and its official residence was changed to Zhongqing Road. In 13th year of Yuan Dynasty (1276), Kunming County was established, which was the seat of Zhongqing Road, the capital of Yunnan. The political center of Yunnan moved from Dali to Kunming, and Saidianchi transferred local administration and military affairs with the position of "Yunnan Province taking charge of government affairs".

After the establishment of provinces, Saidianchi has taken a series of important measures in developing production, stabilizing residents and improving ethnic relations. He established "private villages" in Zhongqing, Dali, Wei Chu (now Chuxiong), Qujing, Lin 'an (now Jianshui), Chengjiang, Xundian, Heqing and other places, making residents self-sufficient in farming and food. Send officials to dredge Haikou, comprehensively manage Dianchi Lake, build songhua dam water conservancy project and irrigate hundreds of thousands of acres of fields; Build Confucian temples in Zhongqing and Lin 'an, create temple studies, purchase Confucian classics, grant study fields, extend Han people as teachers, set up Confucianism, and further spread Chinese culture; Recruit leaders of Hani (Hani), Baiyi (Dai), Luoluo (Yi) and other ethnic groups, attract elites and intellectuals from all ethnic groups to participate in the work of this province, and actively improve ethnic relations. Saidian ruled Yunnan for 6 years and died in 1279. After his death, he was posthumously named "King of Xianyang" and asked the minister of Yunnan Province to "abide by the rules of the game and not change it". In the past few years, Yunnan has enjoyed political stability and economic development, and Kunming has become a big city, with a large number of businesses described in Kyle Polo's travel notes.

However, this situation did not last long, and it was suddenly and secretly changed. In order to restrict the power of the province, he re-sealed it in the seventeenth year of Zhiyuan (1280) and made Auricularia as the king of Yunnan. 1285, he ordered: "No discussion, stick fungus first." Then in 1290, Emperor Sun Ganma was made King of Liang, ranking first among the kings and ranking higher than the king of Yunnan. Dali, Wang Zhen is under the jurisdiction of Liang Wang. Since then, there have actually been two regimes in Yunnan, and the kings have become independent kingdoms without the control of the provinces. Dali also took the opportunity to occupy western Yunnan, and serf owners and slave owners everywhere took the opportunity to rebel, which brought great losses to people's production and life. According to historical records, the rulers of the Yuan Dynasty cut Yunnan's tax grain by more than 277,000 stone each year, which is more than twice as much as that of Sichuan 1 1.6 thousand stone with a large population. Yunnan ranks first in gold, silver and copper courses in the country. It can be seen that people of all ethnic groups have a heavy burden, are deeply exploited and squeezed, and are already in dire straits. 1364, with the support of the people of all ethnic groups in Yunnan, the Red Scarf Peasant Uprising Army marched into Yunnan from Sichuan, and stationed troops in Wusa (now Weining), Kekunming and Tunkunming. Liang Wang, who once poisoned Duan Gong with "peacock gall", colluded with Duan Gong's son at this time, * * * suppressed the peasant uprising army and resisted the Zhu Ming Dynasty's March into Yunnan.