Standing on the fuel and tasting courage, classical Chinese pauses

1. The idiom of lying down on fuel and tasting gallbladder is in gt; in (from gt;)

King Gou Jian of Yue perched on Kuaiji and gave orders to the three armies: "Anyone of my father's, brother's, Kun's, and country's son's surnames can help me to retreat from Wu, and I will help them understand the politics of the country of Yue." The doctor Zhongjin said to him, "I heard this: Xia Zezi, a native of Jia, Skins are used for harvesting in winter, boats are used for droughts, and carts are used for water. Although I have no worries from all directions, my advisers and minions must choose them without raising them, for example, when the rain comes. , must ask for it. Now that the king is living in Kuaiji, he is looking for advisers, but he is not the queen?" Gou Jian said, "If you hear the words of Master Zi, how can you hold his hand and make plans with him?"

Then he sent it to Wu, saying: "The little king Gou Jian has nothing to do, so he subordinates his ministers. He dare not thoroughly hear the voice of the king of heaven, and privately serves as a deacon, saying: "The little king Gou Jian has nothing to do. The masters and disciples are not enough to humiliate the king. I am willing to bribe the king with gold and jade. Please give Gou Jian's daughter to the king, the daughter of the doctor to the doctor, the daughter of the scholar to the scholar, and the treasures of the country of Yue will be obeyed; the widow of the king will lead the country of Yue. All the masters and disciples who follow the emperor, but if the sin of overcoming the country is unforgivable, the ancestral temple will be burned, the wives and children will be buried in the river, and five thousand people with armor will be killed. , So if you serve the king with a thousand soldiers, will it hurt the king's love? Rather than killing this person, what is the benefit to him?"

The general Hucha wants to win. Listen and be with it. Zixu remonstrated: "No! The country between Wu and Yue is a country at war with its enemies. It is surrounded by three rivers, and the people cannot move. If there is Wu, there will be no Yue, and if there are Yue, there will be no Wu. You cannot change this!" Members heard this: Land people live on land, and water people live on water. If you go to the country of the Party, I will attack and win it, but I can't live in it, and you can't ride in its chariots. If you cross the country, I will attack and win it, and I can live there. I can ride on this boat. This is a benefit that cannot be lost. You will destroy it! Even if you lose this benefit, you will not be able to defeat it."

The Yue people wear beautiful women. The eight people accepted it and said to Tai Zai Pei, "Zi Gou will pardon the sins of crossing the country, and those who are good at it will enter." Tai Zai Pei remonstrated and said, "I heard that those who attacked the country in ancient times just obeyed it; now I have obeyed it. Well, what else can I ask for?" The husband agreed with him and left.

Gou Jian said to the people of the country: "I don't know that my strength is insufficient, and yet I have a grudge against a big country to expose the bones of the people in the Central Plains. This is my crime. . I'm sorry, please update me!" So bury the dead, ask about the injured, and nourish the health; express condolences to those who are worried, and greet those who are happy; remove the evils of the people, and make up for the deficiencies of the people. Then he served Fu Chai humbly, and three hundred eunuchs came to Wu, and they were personally the horses in front of Fu Chai.

The land of Goujian extends to Juwu in the south, Yuer in the north, Yin in the east, and Gumi in the west. It has been transported for hundreds of miles, and even reaches his father, brother, and Kundi. I swear: I heard about it in ancient times. A wise king, the people from all over the world will return to you, just as water returns to the bottom. Now that I can't do it, the general's two or three sons and his wife will support them. If a strong man does not marry an old woman, and an old man does not marry a strong wife; if a woman does not marry at seventeen, her parents will be guilty; if her husband does not marry at twenty, her parents will be guilty. Those who are about to be spared should be informed and doctors should be ordered to guard them. To give birth to a husband, two pots of wine and a dog; to give birth to a woman, two pots of wine and a dolphin; to give birth to three persons, the male and his mother; to give birth to two sons, the male and his wife. If the head of the household dies, his administration will be released in three years; if his son dies, his administration will be released in three months; he will be buried with tears and buried like his son. Orphans, widows, those with rashes, and those who are poor and sick should be given official posts to their sons; they should be well-educated, they should live in their homes, their clothes should be well-dressed, their food should be well-fed, and they should be dedicated to righteousness. When people from all over the world come, they must be worshiped in the temple. Gou Jian loaded the rice and fat into the boat and set sail. Every child in the country who travels around is fed and cared for, and his name must be asked. If it is not planted by his body, he will not eat; if his wife does not weave, he will not be clothed. If it is not collected from the country for ten years, the people will have enough to eat for three years.

The fathers and brothers of the country asked: "In the past, my husband humiliated my king in the country of the vassals. Now the country of Yue has become more disciplined. Please repay him!" Gou Jian said in his words: "The war in the past was not between two or three sons. It's a crime for a widower. How can I be ashamed of myself?" My father and brother asked me again, "If you are close to me within four seals, you are like a son who wants to repay his parents. I want to avenge you. Is there anyone who dares not to do his best? Please fight again!" After Gou Jian promised it, he made an oath to his people and said, "I heard that the virtuous kings of ancient times will not harm their people. It is not enough, but it is shameful to suffer from one's ambitions and actions.

Today, I have sent you three thousand soldiers wearing clothes, water, and rhinoceros armor. It is not because of the lack of shame in their aspirations and actions, but because of the inadequacy of their numbers. Now I will help God destroy it. I don't want the bravery of an ordinary man, but I want his troops to advance and retreat. If you advance, you will think of rewards, if you retreat, you will think of punishment; in this way, there will be constant rewards. If you advance, you will not die, if you retreat, you will die; if so, there will be permanent punishment. "

People in the country encourage people to do good things. The father encourages his son, the elder brother encourages his younger brother, and the wife encourages her husband, saying: "Who is the king, and can he not die? "That's why Wu was defeated in Qin, and then he was defeated, and then he was defeated in the suburbs.

Fu Chai Xingcheng said: "I am a master and a disciple who are not enough to humiliate you! Please use gold, jade, and children to bribe you for your humiliation! Gou Jian said to him: "In the past, Yue was given to Wu, but Wu was not ordered to do so. Today, when Wu is given to Yue, can Yue obey the king's orders instead of obeying the orders of heaven?" I invite you to visit Wang Yong and Judong, and you and I will become two princes! Fu Chai said to him, "I just want to have a meal first." If you don't forget the Zhou Dynasty and ruin the city, it will be the wish of the few. Junruo said: "I will destroy your country and destroy your ancestral temple." 'I beg you to die! How can I look upon the world with my face? Yuejun is the second best. "

Then Wu was destroyed. Source "Historical Records: The Family of King Goujian of Yue": "King Goujian of Yue rebelled against the country. He was suffering from anxiety and thinking. ” 2. Classical Chinese and translation of "Lying on Firewood and Tasting Gallbladder"

Original text

After Wu pardoned Yue, King Goujian of Yue rebelled against the country, so he suffered from anxiety and thought, and sat down with his gallbladder. When he sat down, he raised his gallbladder. He also tasted gall in his food and drink and said, "Have you forgotten the shameful evil of Kuaiji? "The body works the land, the wife makes the weaving; she does not add meat to her food, and does not pay too much for her clothes; she treats the wise and honors her guests; she uplifts the poor and hangs herself, and works together with the people.

Translation

The King of Wu has pardoned the King of Yue and (let him return to the Kingdom of Yue). The King of Yue, Gou Jian, was always thinking about how to restore the country, so he thought hard about it every day. He also hung a gall on his seat and sat down every day. He would raise his head to taste the gall before resting or lying down to sleep, and taste the gall before eating or drinking. He often said to himself: "Have you forgotten the shame you suffered on Kuaiji Mountain? "He personally went to the fields to farm, and his wife wore clothes made of self-woven cloth. There was almost no meat or vegetables in every meal he ate, and the clothes he wore had no bright colors. He lowered his status and treated the capable people below. , give generous gifts to guests, help the poor, mourn the dead, and work hard with the people. 3. Read the classical Chinese passage and translate the following sentences

(1) Points for scoring: "female". "Zhi" sentence meaning (3 points) Have you forgotten the shame of Kuaiji's failure? (2) Score points: "add meat", "clothes" and "fold knots" sentence meaning (4 points) (his wife) does not put meat in meals, *** Wearing more than two kinds of elegant clothes, he lowered his body and treated the wise men.

A brief reference to the translation: King Gou Jian of Yue was besieged in Kuaiji Mountain. He sighed: "Am I finished here? Wen Zhong said: "Shang Shang was once imprisoned in Xiatai, King Wen of Zhou was imprisoned in Shili, Jin Wen Gong Zhong Dou (who had been persuaded) fled to Zhai State, Qi Huan Gong Xiaobai fled the chaos to Moss State, and they finally established From this point of view, why can't (sorrow) be turned into blessing? "The king of heaven pardoned the queen of Yue, and the king of Yue Gou Jian returned to his country. He experienced the pain personally and reflected deeply. He placed gall beside his seat. When he sat or lay down, he looked up and saw gall. He also tasted gall when eating. He often said to himself: "You forgot Have you suffered the shame of Kuaiji’s failure? "He farmed by himself, and his wife weaved by herself, and did not eat meat. He wore more than two kinds of elegant clothes. He laid down his dignity to treat magi, treated guests kindly, helped poor people, and condolenced to the families of the deceased, just like the common people. Toil. 4. The Classical Chinese Translation of "Sleeping on the Fuel and Taste the Bold"

Since the King of Wu pardoned the King of Yue and (let him return to the Kingdom of Yue), the King of Yue, Gou Jian, was always thinking about how to restore the country, so he tired his body every day. I made myself think anxiously and hung a piece of gall on my seat. I raised my head to taste the gall before sitting down to rest or lying down to sleep. I also tasted the gall before eating or drinking.

He often said to himself: "Have you forgotten the shame you suffered on Kuaiji Mountain? "He went to the fields to cultivate the fields himself, and his wife wore clothes made of the cloth he woven.

There was almost no meat or vegetables in every meal he ate, and the clothes he wore were not brightly colored.

He treated wise people with respect, treated guests with generous gifts, helped the poor, mourned the dead, and worked hard with the people. 5. Lying on the firewood and tasting courage

Goujian, the eleventh king of Yue in the family of Goujian, the king of Yue, was a descendant of the ancestor of Yu. The Spring and Autumn Annals of Wuyue said: "Yu traveled around the world, returned to Dayue, and climbed Maoshan to pay homage. All the ministers from all over the world, who had meritorious service and noble titles, died and were buried.

At least Kang, fearing that the sacrifices in the ancestral temple of Yu would be ruined, sealed his concubine in Yue and gave him the title "No one left". The record says: "Shaokang, his youngest son's nickname is Yue, and the name of the country of Yue comes from this."

The record of Yue Jue says: "There is no remaining capital, so Yue City is in the south of Kuaiji Mountain." And Emperor Xia Hou Shaokang's concubine.

It was granted to Kuaiji to guard Yu’s sacrifice. With tattoos and broken hair, he lives in the city wearing straw.

For the next twenty or so lives, as for Yunchang. □ Zhengyi Yuge Zhizhi says: "The Marquis of Yue passed down the kingdom for more than thirty years, from the Yin Dynasty to the time when King Jing of Zhou Dynasty, there was a Yue Marquis named Futan, named Yunchang. "

Du Zhuyun: "Yu, the language is also pronounced." At the time of Yunchang, he fought with King Wu Helu and complained about each other.

Yun Chang died, and the clause was established. He was the king of Yue. In the first year of Zong's engraving, King Helu of Wu heard that he was allowed to die, so he raised an army to attack Yue.

King Goujian of Yue sent his dead men to challenge him. Three lines of troops went to Wu and Chen, and they killed themselves. Wu Shi observed that Yue attacked Wu Division and Wu Division was defeated by Jia Li. ◇Du Yu, who gathered in Jijie, said: "There is Jia Li City in the south of Jiaxing County, Wu County."

○Suo Yin's story is reported in Zuo Zhuan Lu Dinggong fourteen years. He shot and wounded the king of Wu in his house.

After leaving the house and dying, he told his son Fu Chai, "I will never Don't forget to cross." Lord.

In the third year of Fan Dynasty, Goujian heard that King Wu's husband sent troops day and night to retaliate against Yue. Yue wanted to attack Wu before Wu sent him. Fan Li admonished: "No.

I heard that soldiers use murderous weapons, those who fight are against virtue, and those who fight are at the end of things. Conspiracies are contrary to virtue, and it is easy to use murderous weapons. If you try your best, God forbids it. It will be unfavorable for those who move forward."

The king of Yue said: "I have decided." Then he set off.

When the king of Wu heard about it, he sent out elite troops to attack Yue, and he was defeated by Fu Jiao. ◇Jijie Du Yu said: "Fujiao is in Wu County, Wu County, and Jiaoshan Mountain in Taihu Lake is also there."

○Suo Yinfu's musical notes. The sound of Jiao is Jiao, originally also called "Qiu", which is the opposite of the sound of wine.

The place name of Jia Kuiyun. If the Five Lakes were defeated in Mandarin, then Du Yuyun would do something wrong in Jiao Mountain.

This is the year of AD. The King of Yue sent 5,000 remaining soldiers to stay in Kuaiji.

◇Jijie Du Yu said: "Go up to Kuaiji Mountain." ○Suoyin Zou Danyun said: "Baoshan is called Qi, just like a bird perching on a tree to avoid harm, so Liu Tao is called 'Jun Chu'" The highest mountain is called Qi."

The king of Wu pursued and surrounded him. Know ? The King of Yue Yue addressed Fan Li and said: □ The record of the Kuaiji Dian of Justice says: "Fan Li is named Shao Bo and is the general of Yue.

He was originally from three households in Chu and Wan. He pretended to be arrogant, suave and disobedient to the customs. His literary genre is Wan Ling. , sent officials to pay him a visit.

The officials also said: "Fan Li is a crazy person who has this disease." Zhong laughed and said: "I heard that if a scholar has a virtuous and handsome appearance, he will pretend to be crazy and ridicule him." It is clear that there is destruction outside, which is definitely not what Ersanzi knows.

"I drove there, and Li avoided it. Later I knew that I would come to visit you, so I said to my brother and sister-in-law: "Today. There is a guest, who is wearing a fake dress.

"When he came, he held his hands and talked, and the onlookers were surprised." "Why did you do this because you didn't listen?" Li Dui? Said: "Those who hold the full capacity are in harmony with Heaven. ◇ Ji Jie Wei Zhao said: "With Heaven, it is also the law of Heaven.

The way of heaven is full but not overflowing. "○ Suo Yin is with Heaven, and Heaven is with Ye.

The words are full and not overflowing, and they are in the same way as Heaven, so Heaven follows them. Those who are determined to lean in are related to people, ◇ Ji Jie Yu translated: "Humanity is still humble. Self-grazing. ”

○ The master of Suoyin has the power of determination, and the old friend is also with him. The place is the one who manages the affairs.

◇ Wei Zhao said in the collection: "The time has not come, so we can't force it; If you don't investigate the matter, you can't force it. ○Suoyin Mandarin "Yi" is used as "Yu", this is used as "Yi", which also means "Yi".

It is said that the land can bring wealth and create all things. The master should use the land wisely and follow the old land. Wei Zhao and others were afraid.

I left it with humble words and generous gifts, but I didn’t allow it, and I went to market with it. "◇ Ji Jie Wei Zhao said: "Market, profit also.

It means entrusting oneself with the management of the country and following it with one’s own body. "□ Justice is humble in words, and treasures are left behind.

No peace is allowed. The King of Yue's past is like trading goods for profit in the market. This is a plan to avoid danger. Gou Jian said: "Nuo. ”

He ordered the official Zhongxing to be established in Wu. ○ Suoyin Dafu, official; Zhong, name. First, the doctor’s surname is similar to that of Sima and Situ, which is not true.

The one who succeeds is Ping Ye, seeking peace with Wu Ye. □Zhengyi Wuyue Chunqiu said: "The official's caste name is Ziqin.

When King Jingping was the king of Wanling, within three households, Fan Li squatted on the dog sinuses and barked at him. The subordinates were afraid that his literary skills would be shameful, so he asked people to pull their clothes and shout at him. Wen Zhong said: "There is no Zhang."

I heard the barking of the dog, now I am here, I have the spirit of a saint, I am walking and seeking it, and I am here. And if a dog barks while I am human, that means I am a human being.

'He got off the car and bowed, but Li was not polite. He paused on his knees and said: "The king's deceased minister Gou Jian sent his attendant Zhong to dare to sue the deacon: Gou Jian asks to be a minister and his wife to be a concubine." "

The king of Wu will promise it. Zixu said to the king of Wu: "Heaven has given Yue to Wu, so don't allow it. "

Zhong returned to repay Goujian. Goujian wanted to kill his wife, so he burned the treasure and died in the battle.

Zhongzhi said to Goujian: "My husband, Taizai Wu, is greedy. , can be lured to gain, please go out and find out the hidden sounds and Ji Xianxian. The lines between are still tiny.

In other words. " So Goujian ordered the beauties to be sacrificed to Wu Taizai's pig among the species.

○Suoyin Mandarin says: "Yue decorated two beauties, so that the doctor would breed Taizai's pig. " When Pei accepted it, he saw the official planting it on the king of Wu.

Chung paused and said: "The original king pardoned Goujian's sins and put them all into his treasure. If the misfortune is not spared, Goujian will kill all his wives and burn all his treasures. If five thousand people are involved in the battle, they must be responsible. "

○ Suo Yin said that among the five thousand people involved in the battle, there may be some who can serve as Wu soldiers, so the Mandarin language is called "couple", and coupling is also a suitable name. He also said, "Nothing is a harm to the king. "What you love", if you should do it, you will hurt each other.

Puyin said that King Wu said: "The more you obey, the more you serve as a minister, if you forgive him, it will be the benefit of the country." "The king of Wu will promise it.

Zixu came to remonstrate and said: "If you don't destroy Yue now, you will regret it later. Goujian is a virtuous king and a good minister of Zhong and Li. If he rebels against the country, there will be chaos. "

The King of Wu listened and pardoned the soldiers of Yue. He stopped his troops and returned. Zhai Ju Jian was trapped in Kuaiji, and he sighed and said: "Is this the end of me? Zhong said: "Tang belongs to Xiatai, King Wen was imprisoned in Youli, Jin Chong'er was Zhai, Qi Xiaobai was Ju, and his death was Wang Ba."

Looking at it from this perspective, how can it not be a blessing? "Knowing that Wu had pardoned Yue, King Goujian of Yue rebelled against the country. He was suffering from anxiety and thinking about it. When sitting, he raised his bladder when he sat down. He also tasted the courage when eating and drinking. He said: "Have you forgotten the shame and evil of Kuaiji? "The body farmed by oneself, the wife woven by herself, no meat was added to food, no heavy harvesting was used for clothing, the virtuous were under the care of others, the guests were favorably treated, the poor were lifted up and hanged, ◇Explanation of the Collection Xu Guang said: "Hanging means 'burial'. "

Work together with the people. In order to let Fan Li govern the country, Li said to him: "For the matter of soldiers and armor, seeds are not as good as Li; fill in ○ and Suoyin Zhenyin.

To care for the country and to be close to the people is not as good as planting. "So the whole country was governed by the official family, and Fan Li and the official Zheji ○ Suoyin were the great officials.

In Mandarin, it is called "Zhu Ji Ying". When the action is completed, it is pledged to Wu.

When he was two years old, Wu returned to Li. The Lord returned from Kuaiji in return.