Summary of required reading classics for grades one to three (experimental edition of People's Education Press)

Look, there are the following ten masterpieces.

1. How is steel tempered?

The author of this book-Nicholas? Ostrovsky, Russian. The protagonist of the novel-Paul? Kochakin. His famous saying: life is the most precious thing for people. Everyone has only one life. A man's life should be spent like this: looking back, he will not regret wasting his time, nor will he be ashamed of his meanness and vulgarity; On his deathbed, he can say, "My life and all my energy have been devoted to the most magnificent cause in the world-the struggle for the liberation of all mankind."

Main plot: Paul? Kochakin is the youngest son of a poor worker's family in a town in Ukraine. My father died early, my mother washed clothes for others to support my family, and my brother A Qing was a railway worker. When he was in primary school, Paul hated evil and dared to do it once. He threw ashes into the dough of that stupid and vicious priest and was expelled from school.

After the October Revolution broke out, the red regime was besieged by foreign interference and domestic reactionaries: the political situation in Ukraine was also unprecedented violence and turmoil. Zhu Laihe, who lives in Paul's house, is an old Bolshevik. He was left in the town when the Red Army retreated. He Zhu came to teach Paul boxing and cultivated Paul's pure revolutionary enthusiasm. Once, Paul was put in prison for saving Zhu. Then the stupid enemy quickly misplaced him: after he got out of prison, Paul jumped into the garden of Tonya, the daughter of a forestry official. Tonia likes Paul, who is enthusiastic, stubborn and strong-willed, and Paul is deeply attracted by tonia, which is pure, beautiful, neat and elegant.

Later, my brother Arqing sent Paul to Khartoum to join the Red Army. In the army, Paul became a cavalry and fought bravely. After the battle, he also likes to read novels such as The Gadfly and Spartacus, and tells them to his comrades whenever he has time. In a fierce battle, he was seriously injured in the head and was taken to the hospital. After leaving the hospital, Paul stayed with a relative in Tonya. He had an eye problem and couldn't go back to the front, but he immediately threw himself into all kinds of arduous work in the local area. At a gathering of workers' comrades, Paul was ridiculed and laughed at by the workers because he took away tonia, who was beautifully dressed and neatly dressed? Paul realized that tonia was not in the same class as himself, so he made up his mind to break up their relationship.

In order to supply urban timber, Paul took part in railway construction. Autumn rain, mud, heavy snow and frozen soil, the working conditions are getting worse and worse, and the harassment, disease and hunger of armed bandits are also threatening Paul and his comrades. However, the railway was completed as scheduled, and Zhu, who has been promoted to the position of member of the provincial party committee, was deeply moved by their revolutionary enthusiasm, saying that "this is how steel is tempered".

Because of his outstanding achievements, Guo Taiming was appointed as the secretary of the Youth League Committee of a railway factory. Lida, a female political commissar, often helps Paul improve his consciousness and do a good job. Paul gradually fell in love with Rita, but sacrificed his second budding love on the grounds of revolution.

Paul was hospitalized again for pneumonia and recovered, but the doctor found a shrapnel wound on his spine. During his illness in his hometown, Paul visited the tomb of Letu and was deeply moved. He issued a touching and deafening rhetoric: "A person's most precious thing is life ... that's how a person's life should be spent ..." After his illness, Paul devoted himself to revolutionary work: at work, he resolutely fought against all kinds of non-mainstream ideas and "bad style" and gave it to his comrades.

Paul's constitution is getting worse and worse. 1924, the party organization had to unload all the burdens on him and let him rest for a long time. His eyesight is getting worse and worse. While recuperating at the seaside, Paul met Daya, the youngest daughter of a worker's family. At Daya's home, Paul encouraged Daya to rebel against her stubborn father and led her to join the Soviet Union. Dia and Paul are married.

1927, Paul was completely paralyzed and then went blind. He was once discouraged and wanted to commit suicide, but his strong revolutionary belief helped him out of the trough. Under extremely difficult conditions, Paul began his literary creation. 1934, with the help of his mother, wife and comrades-in-arms, his autobiographical novel How the Steel was Tempered was finally published! Paul is glad that he has a new revolutionary weapon-writing.

Character: Paul? Kochakin: He is the first generation of youth league members in the Soviet Union, a staunch Bolshevik fighter, with a clear class of love and hate. The most prominent feature is the spirit of revolutionary heroism and extremely firm and tenacious will to struggle. He is the embodiment of beautiful production morality, which is not only manifested in his loyalty and dedication to the revolution and his words and deeds, but also in his relationship with comrades around him and even in his love life. Paul is not only a revolutionary soldier, but also an ordinary young man with flesh and blood. He also did stupid things, made mistakes, violated military discipline, and had disappointment and regret about life and love. When life was desperate, he once wavered and despaired. He is not only a revolutionary hero under specific historical conditions, but also a human hero who transcends the limitations of time and space, and is an eternal strong man in the human spiritual world. The book also depicts vivid characters such as Zhu, tonya and Lida.

2. robinson crusoe

The author of this book-Defoe, an English writer, and Robinson, the hero of the novel? Crusoe and the natives "Friday".

The main plot: More than 200 years ago, selkirk, a Suge, was a sailor on an English seagoing ship. 1704 One day in September, selkirk was abandoned on an uninhabited island in ancient Latin America because of a conflict with the captain. Selkirk was in a bad mood, but he gradually got used to it. He caught goats as food, built two small houses with wood and sheepskin, used nails as needles, and took apart broken socks for sewing. He lived on a desert island for two years and four months. On February 1709, an English navigator rescued him from the island. When Selkirk returned to Scotland, he often told people about his extraordinary experiences in hotels.

Character: Robinson is not a happy-go-lucky and passive standby person, but a person with extremely strong will and persistent belief in survival, who works pragmatically and diligently. All his actions, especially his thinking process, are proactive, all in order to better grasp the opportunity of survival, create material conditions and adjust the mentality of life.

3. Gulliver's travels

Jonathan, the author of this book? Swift is an English novelist in the18th century.

Main plot: This is a work with absurd plot, strange imagination and funny story. This book is about the adventures of English surgeon Gulliver. On his first voyage, he drifted to Lilliput, where he was regarded as a "giant" and a "sea of people", and his palm could be used for five or six Lilliput people to dance heartily; He can eat 50 cars of meat and wine sent by young people in one meal. The second voyage was in distress and was caught in Great Britain. Great Britain is over seventy feet high. He was regarded as a "villain", "dwarf" and "monster" there, and was taken to exhibitions all over the world and experienced many dangers.

Personality: brave and strong

4. the stars in the spring

Bing Xin, the author of this book, (19001010.05-1999.02), was originally named Xie Wanying.

Introduction (there should be no details and plots, right? ): Star is a collection of poems, consisting of 164 short poems. Bing Xin believed in "the philosophy of love" all her life, and she thought that "with love, there is everything". In the Stars, she kept praising love. What she loves to praise most is maternal love. Bing Xin not only loves her parents, but also cherishes brotherhood. She loves her three younger brothers. In one of her later articles, she wrote a letter to a young reader. Thirteen, she also compared her three younger brothers to three bright stars. Bing Xin praised maternal love, human love and childlike innocence. At the same time, she also praised nature, especially the sea she was familiar with as a child. Praising nature, childlike innocence and maternal love has become the eternal theme of Bing Xin's life creation.

"Spring Water" is a companion piece of "Stars", which consists of 182 short poems. It was also published in the morning paper first, but the spring water came out three months later than the stars.

In Spring Water, although Bing Xin is still praising maternal love, affection, childlike innocence and nature, she has used more space to implicitly express the troubles and anguish of herself and her generation of young intellectuals. She tells her feelings in a gentle and sad tone, explores the meaning of life and expresses her desire to know the true nature of the world.

5. "Morning flowers and evening flowers"

This book is a collection of 10 reminiscence essays written by Lu Xun (formerly known as Zhou Shuren) in 1926.

Main plot:

Lu Xun's "Morning Flowers and Evening Picks" is a collection of reminiscence essays with ten articles.

These ten essays are Memories Notes, which completely record Lu Xun's life track and experience from childhood to youth, vividly depict the life picture of the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, and are important artistic documents for studying Lu Xun's early thoughts and life and even the society at that time. These chapters are profound and meaningful, and they are classics in China's modern prose.

People (only three articles found):

Dogs, cats and mice

Character: Chang in Lu Xun's works

Lu Xun's personality: he hates cats (because cats will play with their prey when hunting, which he hates; In addition, cats belong to the liger ethnic group, but there are some coquetry; The main reason is that the cat ate his hidden mouse)-hatred of reactionaries

Chang's personality: I'm not sure.

People: Lu Xun, father, two Chinese medicine practitioners, YanTaitai.

Personality:

Lu Xun-young and inexperienced, filial.

Traditional Chinese medicine-quack

YanTaitai-feudalism, ignorance and superstition.

Fan Ainong.

Characters: Lu Xun and Fan Ainong.

Personality:

Lu Xun full of fighting spirit

Fan Ainong-Progress is out of date.

6. Journey to the West

Author of this book-Wu Cheng'en (Ming). Through the efforts of numerous folk artists and authors, The Journey to the West was finally completed by Wu Cheng'en in the middle of Ming Dynasty. It is the best work in China's fairy tales. Strong romanticism is the basic artistic feature of The Journey to the West.

Main plot: One of China's classical Four Great Classical Novels, it is the best fairy tale, and it is also a combination of mass creation and literati creation. The novel begins with seven stories about "making trouble in Heaven", and puts the image of the Monkey King at the top of the book. From the eighth to the twelfth, I wrote the stories of Tathagata, Guanyin becoming a monk, Kevin·Z descending dragons and the birth of Tang Priest, explaining the origin of the scriptures. From 14 to the end of the book, I wrote that the Monkey King was forced to convert to Buddhism to protect the Tang Priest's scriptures, and with the help of Bajie and Friar Sand, he exorcised demons all the way, which became a "positive result" in the Western Heaven.

Characters:

The Monkey King: High skill \ Love freedom \ Evil as enemy \ Dare to fight.

Pig Bajie: Simple and honest, hardworking, lacking firm belief in the cause, shrinking from difficulties, jealous, gossiping, greedy for money and lustful.

Friar Sand: Simple and honest, loyal and honest.

Tang Sanzang: A Buddhist who abides by religious beliefs is "unprincipled compassion", timid and cowardly, and sometimes mistakenly believes rumors and reverses right and wrong.

7. Water Margin

The author of this book-Shi Naian. The Water Margin is one of the four classic novels in the history of China ancient literature.

Main plot: At the beginning of work, Gao Qiu, the son of a ruined family who has always been rejected by people, was attracted by Duan Wang for playing football. Later, Duan Wang became the emperor (Hui Zong), and Gao Qiu was promoted as the palace master, and this emperor was just a wandering teenager who could only escape. His cronies include Cai Jing, Tong Guan and Emperor Wen of Sui. They formed a supreme ruling group. Cai and the upper class take relatives and friends as their confidants. Below them are some corrupt officials and local tyrants. From top to bottom, there is chaos, which destroys loyalty, oppresses kindness, cruelly exploits and oppresses people, and forms a ruling network. "Water Margin" tells the story of Gao Qiu persecuting Wang Jin when exposing the crimes of these corrupt officials, local tyrants and bullies, because Wang Jin's father knocked over Gao Qiu with a stick in his early years, and Gao Qiu retaliated against the officials on the first day of his appointment, punishing Wang Jin for no reason, causing Wang Jin to escape overnight under the service of his mother. The author also wrote that Gao Qiu tried every means to murder Lin Chong in order to let his son occupy his wife. As one of the representatives of the ruling group, Gao Qiu embodies the vicious and insidious power characteristics and the ugly and decadent nature of the feudal ruling class. In addition, "Water Margin" also wrote all kinds of evil deeds of landlords and bullies, such as Zheng Tu occupying Jin Cuilian, Ximen Qing killing Wu Da, Taigong colluding with the government to frame Orion Jie Zhen, Jaguar and so on.

Characters:

Lu Shenzhi-hates evil, is chivalrous, upright, meticulous, bold, resourceful, open-minded and reasonable.

Song Wu, with both wisdom and courage, revenge and kindness, is the most bloody and legendary figure among the heroes of the lower class.

Wu Yong-wise and resourceful.

Lin Chong-martial arts is high, brave and good at fighting, but obedient and disciplined, and he was forced to go to Liangshan.

Li Kui-evil, chivalrous, righteous, brave, short-tempered, simple-minded, straightforward and honest.

Song Jiang-brave, good at employing people, but always trying to win over.

Yang Zhi-smart and rude

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8. Camel Xiangzi

The author of this book, Lao She (1899 ~ 1966), formerly known as Shu Qingchun, gave up the word.

Main plot: Camel Xiangzi tells the tragic story of Xiangzi, a rickshaw driver in Beiping, old China. Xiangzi came from the countryside, and the declining countryside made him unable to survive. He came to this city, eager to create a new life with his honest work. He tried all kinds of jobs and finally chose a rickshaw. This career choice shows that although Xiangzi left the land, his way of thinking is still the way of thinking of farmers. He is used to individual labor, and he is also eager to have a car as reliable as land. Buy a car and be an independent worker. "This is his wish, hope and even religion." The city seems to have given Xiangzi a chance to realize his wish. Struggled for three years, bought a car, and was robbed in less than half a year. But Xiangzi still refused to give up his car dream. Although he doubted his pursuit and wavered several times, he kept pulling himself together and struggling again. It should be said that Xiangzi's tenacious character and stubborn attitude struggle with life, which constitutes the main plot content of the novel. The end of the struggle ended in Xiangzi's failure, and he finally failed to realize his dream of owning his own car. The realistic profundity of this novel lies in that it not only describes Xiangzi's material life deprived by the harsh living environment, but also describes Xiangzi's spiritual degeneration after his life ideal is destroyed. "He has no heart. His heart has been taken away." In this way, a hardworking and kind-hearted rural youth was transformed into a walking dead unemployed.

Characters:

Xiangzi

Xiangzi used to be an honest laborer who loved life. The description of his appearance at the beginning of the novel and the description of his rickshaw pulling are all radiant, which has simply become a hymn of youth, health and labor. The novel uses more space to describe Xiangzi's beautiful inner world. He described Xiangzi's excellent qualities with unpretentious pen and ink. The writer even used a strange metaphor to describe this character: "He seems to be a good ghost even in hell."

A fierce woman

A fierce and calculating middle-aged woman is born with a man's character. She is very good at taking care of things and managing people and parking lots in order.

9. Who is who

The author of this book-vasari. Whose Biography is an important document in the Renaissance. In the revised edition of 1568, the author clearly stated that the purpose of this book is to describe "the process of artistic regeneration".

Main plot and key details: Whose Biography includes three biographies of Beethoven, Michelangelo and Tolstoy.

Beethoven said Beethoven had bad luck when he was a child. His father is a cruel alcoholic. He deprived young Beethoven of time to study, rest and entertain, and only forced his young son to practice piano and violin endlessly, hoping that he would become his own cash cow in the future.

From 65438 to 0787, Beethoven went to Vienna to learn from his long-admired idol Mozart. Mozart was very surprised after listening to his impromptu performance, and said to others on the spot: Please pay attention, this boy will shock the world. Unfortunately, his study time in Vienna was soon interrupted because his mother was seriously ill and died soon. Beethoven lost his only family in his mind and was heartbroken. Excessive grief made him suffer from several serious illnesses, one of which was smallpox, which ruined his appearance forever.

10 Beethoven left his hometown Bonn for Vienna, the music city. Soon, pain knocked on the door of his life. Since 1796, Beethoven's ears have been ringing day and night, and his hearing has been declining. At first, he kept this terrible secret alone. 180 1 year, he fell in love with a girl named Julietta, but because of her disability (he was deaf at this time) and Julietta's selfishness and vanity, she married an earl two years later. The double torture of body and spirit is embodied in his fantasy sonata.

1806 In May, Beethoven got engaged to Miss Brunswick, and the beauty of love produced a series of great works. Unfortunately, love abandoned him again, and his fiancee married someone else. However, Beethoven was in the heyday of his creation at this time, and he was carefree about everything. He attracted the attention of the world, and after his glory came the most tragic period: financial distress, the death of relatives and friends, deafness, and communication with people only on paper. Facing the hardships of life, it seems that nothing can make Beethoven yield. He reversed the frivolous style of Vienna at that time with his own creative style.

1827 On March 26th, Beethoven took his last breath on a snowy day.

Beethoven was an unfortunate man, poor, disabled and lonely. The world didn't give him joy, but he created joy for the world! He used his sufferings to shape happiness.

Is he like this, Roman? Roland summed up his life like this at the end of his biography:

What victory can be compared with this one? Which war in Bonaparte, which day of sunshine in Austerlitz, has won the glory of such superhuman efforts? Have you ever won a victory that this spirit has never won?

An unfortunate person, caused by poverty, disability, loneliness and pain, created joy for the world instead of joy for him! He used suffering to create happiness, as if he had explained it with that grandiloquence, which can sum up his life and become the motto of all heroes:

"painful happiness."

Roman? Roland put the biography of such a person at the forefront of the biography of the person he is determined to write.

Biography of Michelangelo: This biography is divided into two parts, the first part is "fighting", the second part is "giving up" and the last part is "death".

1475 On March 6th, Michelangelo was born in Capulli Sai, Santino, where his father was a judge. His mother died when he was six years old, and Michelangelo was adopted by the wife of a stonemason. At the age of thirteen, he entered the studio of domenico Girandayo. It is said that his excellent grades make teachers jealous. A year later, they broke up and Michelangelo transferred to a sculpture school. Soon, due to the conflict of religious beliefs, he left there and went to Venice, Rome and other famous cities, and the level of sculpture continued to improve.

1505 In March, Michelangelo was recruited by Pope Julius II to build a mausoleum for him. Soon, he was invited to paint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. In the following years, he was sent by successive popes to create works that he was not satisfied with with with pain. 1527 Michelangelo was involved in the whirlpool of a revolution and almost died. After the revolution, Pope Clemente found him out of his hiding place again, and Michelangelo had to work for the people he resisted again. Pope Clemente died in September 1537, and Michelangelo thought he could do his own thing quietly from now on. But as soon as he arrived in Rome, he was caught by his new owner, Paul III. It seems that fate doomed him to work for others only in endless interference.

1February 564 12, Michelangelo stood all day, writing a eulogy for Christ. 14 began to have a fever. 18 at 5 pm, this outstanding sculptor and painter finally passed away forever.

Biography of Tolstoy: Tolstoy lost his mother at the age of two and his father at the age of nine. As a teenager, Tolstoy was not only troubled by his own thoughts, but also despaired of his ugly appearance.

Characters:

Beethoven-strong

Michelangelo-cowardice, sadness and anger

Lev tolstoy-Wisdom

10. Childhood

The author of this book-Gorky, formerly known as Alexei? Macsimovici? Bi Skov is a proletarian writer in the former Soviet Union and the founder of socialist realistic literature. The other two autobiographical novels in the trilogy are On Earth and My University.

Main plot: Through the innocent eyes of a child, this book vividly shows the life of the bottom figures in Russian society in the middle of19th century, and depicts the ugly and ignorant lifestyle of many ordinary citizens in society at that time, as well as Russian folk customs such as religion and funeral. The works let readers know the face of tsarist Russia at that time, and feel the corruption of Russian society and the pain of people's life at that time. Broadly speaking, it is this social environment in which people are in poverty that causes Alisha's personal tragedy.

Characters: The works mainly portray two kinds of characters, one is selfish and cruel people represented by grandpa, and the other is honest and kind people represented by grandma.

Finally! It took several days to find it! I'm exhausted! So many can break the world record!