What is simultaneous interpretation? What do you do?

Simultaneous interpretation, also known as simultaneous interpretation, is an interpretation method in which the interpreter constantly explains the speaker's speech to the audience without interrupting his speech. The biggest advantage of simultaneous interpretation of Rana chensinensis in China lies in its high efficiency, which can ensure the coherence of the speech, not affect or interrupt the speaker's thinking, and is conducive to the audience's understanding of the whole speech. Simultaneous interpretation is a popular translation method in the world today, which is highly academic and professional, and is usually used in formal international conferences. At present, 95% of international conferences in the world adopt simultaneous interpretation. Its characteristic is that the speaker speaks continuously, while the translator translates while listening. The average interval between the translation of the original text and the translation of the translation is three to four seconds, at most ten seconds. Translators only use the gap between the two sentences of the speaker to complete the translation work, so the translator's quality is very high. Simultaneous interpretation is a very difficult interlingual conversion activity, which is strictly limited by time. It requires translators to quickly predict, understand, remember, transform and modify the source language information with the help of existing subject knowledge, and at the same time speak the target language translation. Therefore, simultaneous interpretation is also called simultaneous interpretation. At various international conferences, simultaneous interpreters, with their "lightning thinking" and amazing interpretation skills, have successfully overcome the lack of energy and difficulty in attention distribution caused by the interweaving, overlapping and interference of the above-mentioned multi-tasks, making listening and speaking go hand in hand and become as dazzling stars as the source language speakers. According to AIIC (International Association of Conference Interpreters), simultaneous interpretation is qualified as long as it can translate 80% of the speaker's content (it is of course possible to translate 90% and 100% of the speaker's content), because many people usually speak very fast and only pay attention to their own speech content or accent, so they should mobilize all their knowledge reserves and experience to go all out. After all, there are not many speakers who deliberately slow down to take care of simultaneous interpretation, which requires high quality of practitioners. Simultaneous interpretation means that the interpreter uses special simultaneous interpretation equipment to sit in a soundproof simultaneous interpretation room, commonly known as a "box". While listening to the continuous speech of the source language through headphones, he almost synchronously translates all the information expressed by the speaker in the target language into the microphone, and then delivers the translated language output through the microphone. Participants who need interpretation services can tune into their own language channels through receiving devices and listen to the corresponding target language output through headphones. After the end of World War II, the international court established in Nuremberg, Germany, used simultaneous interpretation for the first time in the trial of fascist war criminals, which is also the first time in the world to use simultaneous interpretation in large-scale international activities. Simultaneous interpretation is one of the most difficult translation activities, and it is often called the highest realm of foreign language majors. The highest-paid "hourly worker" can earn four or five thousand yuan a day. Among the 54 industries listed in the table of "wage guidance price for part-time employees", simultaneous interpretation ranks first with the highest price of 2,000 yuan per hour. In the simultaneous interpretation price list of a translation company in Beijing, English 1 day,10.2 million ~ 210.0 million RMB, and non-English10.8 million RMB. Generally, 2 ~ 3 interpreters are required to form a simultaneous interpretation team to work alternately. The above price is the translation price of a team for one day. Based on this, the minimum income of simultaneous interpretation is 4000 yuan per day. One day's salary of simultaneous interpreters is equivalent to one month's income of a white-collar worker. They can earn five or six thousand yuan a day. The salary for a conference with simultaneous interpretation is 5000 yuan a day, and some conferences have higher salaries. When meetings are busy, such as March-July, September-65438+February, the schedule is often full, and some meetings need to be booked more than one month in advance. Excellent interpreters can earn 40 thousand yuan or more a month at the peak of the conference, so it is not surprising that excellent translators earn 500 thousand yuan or more a year. Take Beijing as an example. At present, the remuneration paid to simultaneous interpreters is generally 4000 yuan per day, which is the average income of three people in each group. If you complete the translation task independently without an assistant, the maximum amount can reach more than 10 thousand yuan per day. The time is calculated according to the 8-hour working day, from the beginning of the meeting to four hours, which is half a day, and from four hours to eight hours, which is a day. In addition, the customer will pay the accommodation, air tickets, ground transportation and other related expenses for simultaneous interpretation. Generally speaking, the income is still considerable. Not lack of money, but lack of people. Simultaneous interpretation talents are scarce all over the world and one of the most difficult talents to train. There are more than 2,000 professional simultaneous interpreters in the world, especially in China. According to incomplete statistics, there are about 30 professional simultaneous interpreters in China. As for the international popular professional simultaneous interpreters who are good at economy, trade, science and technology, politics and law, there is still a blank. With the increasing communication between China and the world and the improvement of China's international status, no matter where international conferences are held now, Chinese is indispensable, and simultaneous interpretation from China is indispensable. There are international conferences almost every day in the world, and more and more international conferences are held in China. It can be said that simultaneous translation is huge in both domestic and international markets. It is said that the European Union and Australia even asked China to train them in simultaneous interpretation, and the market prospect of simultaneous interpretation is becoming more and more promising. The demand for simultaneous interpretation has increased exponentially, but the number of qualified simultaneous interpretation has increased very slowly. According to reports, at present, a few professional simultaneous interpreters are mainly concentrated in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou. Other cities lack simultaneous interpreters for holding international conferences and need to hire them from Beijing and Shanghai. Want to do simultaneous interpretation, the word "difficult". The reason why simultaneous interpretation can get absolute high salary is because there are few talents, and the reason why there are few talents is because it is "difficult". It is too difficult to do simultaneous interpretation. The threshold for simultaneous interpretation is quite high. You can't enter this industry just because you have read graduate students, received relevant training, or passed the certificate of simultaneous interpretation. When choosing simultaneous interpreters, companies or customers attach great importance to the conference experience they have attended. An inexperienced interpreter, if he just graduated from school, has little capital to enter the simultaneous interpretation circle. In addition to having mature conference experience, entering the simultaneous interpretation industry also requires good interpersonal relationships. Can only succeed, can't make mistakes. At present, there is no fixed institution in China responsible for the related issues of simultaneous translation, and there is no unified standard to evaluate the work of simultaneous translation. Whether simultaneous translation is competent or not will be directly evaluated by the parties to the conference he serves. After the conference, organizers, conference presidents, experts and delegations from China and other countries will express their gratitude for the simultaneous interpretation. If you think your work is excellent, they will give warm praise, and some will directly invite you to cooperate with them next time. If the simultaneous translation is not good, there will be reactions at the meeting, including stamping, coughing and talking. Outsiders look at simultaneous interpretation and think it's a group of people at the top of the pyramid. They go in and out of luxury hotels and attend international conferences, and their income in January is higher than others. However, entering the simultaneous interpretation industry is unusual, and the pressure in the industry is well known. You can't fail here. Simultaneous interpretation should also pay attention to small details. The movements in the translation box should be quiet, because the Mike in the translation box is very sensitive, even the sound of turning pages gently is a huge noise to the delegates, so translators should try to avoid small moves or bumps, and female translators should even avoid wearing big earrings to avoid noise. Basic principles of simultaneous interpretation Simultaneous interpretation is both an art and a technology. Therefore, there are some basic principles to follow in translation to achieve more effective interpretation. In simultaneous translation, especially in Chinese-English simultaneous translation, we can use the following principles to guide our translation: (1) Sentence-driven: in the process of simultaneous translation, the interpreter cuts the whole sentence into semantic groups or information units according to the sentence order of the source language, and then naturally connects these units with conjunctions to translate the whole meaning. This translation method is "sentence-driven". For example, the following sentence is translated according to the sentence-driven principle: "Everyone//can use Internet resources//to study, regardless of nationality//gender//skin color//,as long as they have access to the Internet." The translation is: "All people can//rely on Internet resources to study//regardless of their race, nationality and gender//as long as//they can access the Internet." Simultaneous interpretation is carried out simultaneously with the speech of the source language speaker, and translation activities must end immediately (or simultaneously) after the speech of the source language speaker. Therefore, simultaneous interpreters should try their best to shorten the time difference between the translation and the source language pronunciation. The smaller the time difference, the more the interpreter remembers and the more information he translates. The word order between English and Chinese is very different, so it is difficult to keep up with the speakers of the source language before translation. Therefore, "sentence-driven is the biggest feature of English-Chinese simultaneous interpretation." (2) Adjustment at any time: Adjustment is a proofreading process in simultaneous translation, and it is an important link for the translator to adjust information, correct mistranslation and supplement missing translation according to the new content received. For example, adverbials of time and place in English often appear at the end of sentences, while when using "sentence-driven" translation, adverbials will appear after the main sentence is translated. For example, "I went to the Holiday Inn for a seminar yesterday10/." According to the principle of sentence-driven, it may be translated as follows: "Yesterday//at ten o'clock//I went to the Holiday Inn//attended a seminar." Coupled with the process of adjustment, this sentence may be translated into: "I went to the Holiday Inn at 10 yesterday morning//attended a seminar//"(3) Moderate advance: "Moderate advance" in simultaneous interpretation refers to the skill of "prediction" in the process of interpretation. That is, in the case of incomplete information in the source language, the translator may "translate ahead of time" what he wants to say, thus gaining time and translating synchronously with the speaker. For example, at the opening ceremony of many conferences, there will be such a cliche: "... on behalf of ...//I would like to extend a warm welcome to all the delegates//and wish the conference a complete success! //"In translating this passage, the interpreter can translate the whole sentence according to his own experience." Please allow me to extend our warning and welcome to the participants of this conference on behalf of … "When the speaker says" I would like to represent … ". Hearing "I hope …", I should know that "… this meeting is a success". It is difficult for translators who are not good at "prediction" to do simultaneous interpretation well, because it is not simultaneous interpretation if all the information is accepted during the translation process. Even if the translation can go on, it is intermittent. It is difficult for listeners to receive complete information. (4) Information reorganization: Information reorganization is the general strategy of simultaneous translation. Beginners of simultaneous interpretation often focus on the translation of "language", and the result is often "stuck". Due to the huge differences between English and Chinese, it is very difficult to translate one by one. Therefore, simultaneous interpretation should follow the principle of translating "information". That is, according to the residence of the source language and the language habits of the target language, the information is reorganized in the target language. For example, the following translated original text: "Over the past few years, people have observed strange behaviors of whales in the South Atlantic. A marine science team. Ts put forward a new theory to explain this behavior. But in Argentina, people have disputed this theory. After information reorganization, it may be translated as follows: "For several years, people have observed//whales in the South Atlantic//acting strangely. //In order to explain this behavior,//A group of scientists put forward a new theory//. But about the theory//In Argentina//(After years of observation, people found that whales in the South Atlantic behaved strangely. In order to explain this behavior, some scientists put forward a new theory, but this theory caused controversy in Argentina. (5) Reasonable simplification: Simplification refers to a translation principle that simultaneous interpreters simplify the language form, explain, summarize and summarize the original information on the basis of not affecting the main information of the original text, or when the target audience finds it difficult to understand the materials that cannot be processed in the original text and directly translate them into the target language. Simultaneous interpreters should decide how often to use this principle according to the background of the audience. If the audience is unfamiliar with the content of the translation, the translator should keep the jargon as simple as possible. For example, at a meeting to introduce the "EU agricultural policy" to teenagers, something like this appeared: "If the CIF price of products at the community border is lower than the guiding price set by the common market organization, non-tariff profits tax will be levied. If you translate people "faithfully" into any language, young listeners will not understand. According to the principle of simplicity, the French translation is as follows: "If agricultural products enter the Community at a price lower than the official market price of the Community, it is impossible to levy a special agricultural tax". If the price of agricultural products entering Europe is lower than the official European price, a special agricultural tax will be levied. (6) Information equivalence: "Faithfulness" has always been regarded as the criterion for testing translation. However, in simultaneous interpretation, it is sometimes difficult to be "faithful" to the original text, and sometimes it is not recognized by the audience. Interpretation is different from translation, which can be conceived and deliberated in enough time. Simultaneous interpretation requires the interpreter to reorganize the received information in a very limited time so that the target audience can understand the speaker's speech. Therefore, in simultaneous translation, it is sometimes difficult to translate words, phrases and sentences in the source language perfectly. What the translator should strive to do is to grasp the main information to be conveyed by the source language speaker according to the accepted words, phrases and text content, and at the same time express it in a language way that is easy for the audience to understand. In other words, in the process of translation, we should realize the overall "information equivalence."