The origin of Luoyang?

Luoyang is located in the west of Henan. It is one of the "Seven Ancient Capitals" in my country and one of the first batch of historical and cultural cities announced by the State Council. Luoyang got its name because it was located in the Yangtze River of ancient Luo River. The Heluo area centered on Luoyang is an important birthplace of Chinese civilization. Ancient Chinese myths such as Fuxi, Nuwa, Huangdi, Tang Yao, Yu Shun, and Xia Yu were mostly passed down here. Xia Taikang moved the capital to Zou, and Shang Tang established its capital in Xishao; King Wu defeated Zhou, and eight hundred princes gathered in Mengjin; Zhou Gong assisted in the administration and moved Jiuding to Luoyi. King Ping moved eastward, Gaozu Duluo, Guangwu Zhongxing, Wei and Jin Xiangchan, Xiaowen restructured, the Sui and Tang Dynasties were prosperous, and the Later Liang, Tang and Jin Dynasties succeeded each other, creating thirteen dynasties. After the Han and Wei dynasties, Luoyang gradually became an international metropolis. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, it had a population of one million, paid tribute from all directions, and hundreds of countries came to visit, and it flourished for a while. For a long period of time in history, Luoyang was the political, economic, and cultural center of our country, as well as a transportation hub with roads extending in all directions.

In the early Western Zhou Dynasty, the first large-scale highway network was established in China, with Luoyang as its center. Chidaoyi Road was as straight as an arrow and reached everywhere; on the Grand Canal of Sui and Tang Dynasties, boats and boats connected each other. The sails and shadows are dancing together, from Luoyang to the sea in the east, to Guanlong in the west, to Suzhou and Hangzhou in the south, and in Beishuo. The "Silk Road" with Luoyang as the eastern end starting point can go straight to the east coast of the Mediterranean, with camels and horses coming in an endless stream. Absolutely. Luoyang is a cultural reader. The earliest historical document of the Chinese nation, "Hetu and Luoshu", came from Luoyang. Fuxi, who is regarded as the "ancestor of humanities", created Bagua and Jiuchou based on Hetu and Luoshu.

From then on, the Duke of Zhou "made rites and music", Lao Dan wrote articles, Confucius entered the Zhou Dynasty to ask about rites, Ban Gu wrote China's first chronological history "Han Shu" here, and Sima Guang completed history here. The masterpiece "Zizhi Tongjian", the famous "Seven Sons of Jian'an", "Seven Sages of the Bamboo Forest" and "Twenty-Four Friends of Jingu" once gathered here to compose colorful chapters. Zuo Si's "Sandu Fu" once made "Luoyang Zhigui" "...The Heluo culture and Heluo civilization centered on Luoyang have become an important part of Chinese civilization.

Physical Geography

Luoyang City is located in the west of Henan Province, between 111.8' and 112.59' east longitude and 33.35' and 35.05' north latitude. The eastern section of the Eurasian Continental Bridge spans both banks of the middle reaches of the Yellow River and is known as the "Heartland of Kyushu" "among the rest of the world". Luoyang has superior geographical conditions. It is located in the transition zone from the southern edge of the warm temperate zone to the northern subtropical zone, with four distinct seasons and a pleasant climate. The annual average temperature is 14.2`C and the rainfall is 546 mm. It borders Zhengzhou to the east, Sanmenxia to the west, Jiaozuo across the Yellow River to the north, and Pingdingshan and Nanyang to the south. It is about 179 kilometers long from east to west and 168 kilometers wide from north to south. The terrain of Luoyang is high in the west and low in the east. The territory is intertwined with mountains, rivers and hills, and the terrain is complex, of which 45.51% are mountainous, 40.73% are hills, and 13.8% are plains. It is surrounded by Yushan, Mangshan, Qingyaoshan, Jingzishan, Zhoushan, Yingshan, Longmenshan, Xiangshan, and Wan'anshan , Shouyang Mountain, Songshan Mountain and many other mountain ranges; the territory is densely covered with rivers and canals, belonging to the three major water systems of the Yellow River, Huaihe River, and Yangtze River, including the Yellow River, Luohe River, Yihe River, Qinghe River, Cihe River, Tieluanhe River, Jianhe River, and Yanhe River, etc. 10 The remaining rivers meander through it, and it is known as "surrounded by mountains and six rivers flowing side by side, a city with eight passes, and a thoroughfare for ten provinces." Because Luoyang is located in the Central Plains, with mountains and rivers crisscrossing it, it borders the Qinling Mountains to the west, and the Qinchuan River in Guanzhong out of the Han Valley; it borders Songyue Mountains in the east; it borders Taihang in the north and is in danger of the Yellow River; it looks to Funiu in the south, and there is a lot of lush leaves, and "the rivers and mountains support it." , the situation is the best in the world."

Historical evolution

The Heluo area centered on Luoyang City was historically known as "Henan", corresponding to "Hedong" and "Hanoi". It is the earliest place of the Chinese nation center of political activity. Luoyang City has been the political center of this region since recorded history.

During the Western Zhou Dynasty, during the reign of King Cheng of Zhou, Zhou Gong camped in Luoyi. This was the location of Chengzhou City. It was the eastern capital of the Western Zhou Dynasty and belonged directly to the Emperor of Zhou. During the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, Luoyi was the capital, and the rest were generally the same as those during the Western Zhou Dynasty. During the Warring States Period, Luoyi was renamed Luoyang. The Qin Dynasty established Sanchuan County, which governed Luoyang, and governed present-day Sanmenxia City (except Lingbao), Luoyang City (except western Luanchuan), Gongyi City, Xingyang City, Zhengzhou City, Zhongmu County, and Yuanyang County.

During the Western Han Dynasty, the eastern part of this area was Henan County, centered on the eastern capital Luoyang, and the western part belonged to Hongnong County. From this period, "Henan" officially became a geographical term in administrative divisions until the Qing Dynasty. In the history of more than two thousand years, "Henan County", "Henan Yin" or "Henan Prefecture" have always specifically referred to the area centered on Luoyang.

At this time, Henan County governed present-day Yanshi City, Mengjin County, Gongyi City, Xingyang City, Zhengzhou City, Zhongmu County, Xinzheng County, Xinmi City, Yuanyang County, Ruyang County, Yichuan County, and Ruzhou City. The entire Sanmenxia City, Yiyang County, Xin'an County, Luoning County, Song County, and Luanchuan County that belong to Hongnong County in the west are now Nanyang City and parts of Shaanxi Province. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, the organizational structure of the Heluo area was basically the same as that of the Western Han Dynasty, except that Henan County was changed to Henan Yin, and the jurisdiction remained unchanged.

During the Three Kingdoms period, it belonged to Cao Wei. Luoyang was renamed Luoyang. The administrative system basically followed the Eastern Han Dynasty. Henan Yin has expanded. At this time, Henan Yin included today's Yanshi City, Mengjin County, Gongyi City, Xingyang City, Zhengzhou City, Zhongmu County, Xinzheng County, Xinmi City, Yuanyang County, Ruyang County, and Yichuan County, Ruzhou City, Dengfeng City, Yuzhou City, Song County. Compared with the Han Dynasty, there were more Dengfeng, Yuzhou and Songxian. During the Western Jin Dynasty, the old system of the Han Dynasty was still generally followed. The difference is that Henan Yin was changed back to Henan County, and Xingyang County was established in the east, including today's Xingyang City, Zhengzhou City, Zhongmu County, Xinzheng City, Xinmi City, and Yuanyang County. At the same time, Henan Yin expanded to the west, including Xin'an County and the eastern part of Yiyang County. At this time, Henan County included Yanshi, Mengjin, Gongyi, Dengfeng, Ruzhou, Yichuan, Ruyang, Yuzhou, Songxian, and Xin'an.

During the Sixteen Kingdoms period of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the world was in chaos and administrative divisions could no longer be examined. The only thing that is certain is that the Heluo area is still Henan County with Luoyang as the center. Other nearby counties remained largely unchanged. After the Northern Wei Dynasty unified the north, it moved the capital to Luoyang and changed the name of Henan County to Henan Yin. Mianchi County was added, and there were no changes in other counties. But many new counties were created. The Sui Dynasty unified the world and renamed Henan Yin as Henan County, with the eastern capital Luoyang as the center. It governs Yanshi, Mengjin, Gongyi, Dengfeng, Yichuan, Songxian, Yiyang, Xin'an, Mianchi, Shaanxian and other places. Ruzhou and Ruyang belong to Xiangcheng County, and the county government was moved from Xiangcheng to Ruzhou. Zoning changed greatly during the Tang Dynasty. Henan County was changed to Henan Prefecture of Ji Dao, still centered on Luoyang. The jurisdiction was expanded compared to Henan County in the Sui Dynasty, and today's Yuzhou City, Xinmi City, Luoning County, Jiyuan City, Wen County, and Mengzhou City were added.

The Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms were in chaos again, and Shaanzhou and Mengzhou were added (probably set up in the middle and late Tang Dynasty), so the jurisdiction of Henan Prefecture is likely to return to the scope of Henan County in the Sui Dynasty. During the Northern Song Dynasty, Henan Prefecture centered on Luoyang, Xijing, and governed today's Gongyi, Dengfeng, Mianchi, Yanshi, Mengjin, Yichuan, Xin'an, Yiyang, Luoning, and Song counties. During the Southern Song Dynasty, the jurisdiction of Henan Prefecture of the Jin Kingdom was reduced, and it governed today's Gongyi. , Dengfeng, Mianchi, Yanshi, Mengjin, Xin'an, most of Yiyang, and a small part of Yichuan, the Yuan Dynasty established the Henan Jiangbei Province. From then on, the scope of "Henan" was no longer limited to the Heluo area. However, Henan Prefecture, centered on Luoyang, existed until the end of the Qing Dynasty, only as a sub-administrative region of Henan Jiangbei Province or Henan Province. At this time, Henan Fulu expanded westward, including Lingbao, Shaanxian, and Luoning. Other directions remain unchanged. In the Ming Dynasty, Henan Prefecture was further expanded, adding Lushi, Luanchuan, Songxian, and most of Yichuan. The Qing Dynasty separated Shaanzhou from Henan Prefecture, including today's Shaanxi County, Lingbao, Lushi, and part of Luanchuan.

In 1912, when the Republic of China was established, Henan Prefecture was abolished and Heluo Road was established. Daoyingong was stationed in Luoyang and administered 19 counties including Luoyang and Yanshi. In 1923, the Henan Governor's Office moved to Luoyang, and Luoyang became the capital of Henan Province. In 1932, the Japanese army attacked Shanghai, and the Kuomintang government designated Luoyang as its capital and moved its offices to Luoyang for a time. In the autumn of 1939, the Henan Provincial Government moved to Luoyang again, and Luoyang became the capital of Henan Province for the second time. In 1948, Luoyang was liberated and Luoyang County was established as a city. The Luoyang Municipal People's Democratic Government was established. In December 1949, the Luoyang Municipal People's Democratic Government was renamed Luoyang Municipal People's Government. In 1954, Luoyang City was upgraded to a municipality directly under the Central Government of Henan Province. In 1955, Luoyang County was abolished, part of it was merged into Luoyang City, and the rest was included in Yanshi, Mengjin and other counties. In 1956, the old city, Xigong District and suburbs of Luoyang City were built, and the following year the Xianhe District was established. In 1982, with the approval of the State Council, Geely District was newly established. In 1983, Xin'an, Mengjin, and Yanshi were transferred to Luoyang City, and Dengfeng City under the jurisdiction of Luoyang was placed under the jurisdiction of Zhengzhou City. In 1986, the Luoyang region was abolished, and Luoning, Yiyang, Songxian, Luanchuan, Ruyang, and Yichuan were transferred to Luoyang City. In 1993, Yanshi County was changed to Yanshi City. In June 2000, with the approval of the State Council, Luoyang suburb was renamed Luolong District. Among the counties near Luoyang, the ones most closely related to the history of Luoyang are Yanshi, Mengjin, Gongyi, and Dengfeng. Among them, Yanshi and Mengjin have remained unchanged for three thousand years since the Zhou Dynasty.

Next is Gongyi, which lasted more than three thousand years from the Zhou Dynasty to New China. The third is Dengfeng, which lasted more than 1,700 years from the Three Kingdoms period to New China. Other counties (cities) such as Xin'an, Yiyang, Yichuan, Mianchi, Ruzhou, etc. are part of Luoyang time, while Luanchuan, Lushi, Shaanxian, Yuzhou, etc. are subordinate to Luoyang for even shorter time. In addition, since the establishment of Xingyang County in the Western Jin Dynasty, most of today's Zhengzhou City has been separated from the Luoyang area.

Administrative divisions

Luoyang currently governs one city, eight counties and streams including Yanshi City, Mengjin, Xin'an, Luoning, Yiyang, Yichuan, Songxian, Luanchuan, and Ruyang. There are seven urban districts including Xicheng, Xigong, Laocheng, Jianghe, Luolong District, Geely and High-Tech Zone, with a total area of ??15,208 square kilometers and an urban area of ??544 square kilometers.

Population and Ethnicity

Luoyang is a place where many ethnic groups live together. There are 46 ethnic groups in the city, of which the Han population accounts for about 98.8% of the city's total population, and other ethnic minorities account for about 1.2% of the city's total population. Among them, the ethnic groups with more than 1,000 people include Hui, Manchu and Mongolian. The majority of the ethnic minorities are Hui, with nearly 60,000 people, accounting for more than 80% of the ethnic minority population.

At the end of 2007, the total population of Luoyang was 6.5045 million.

Industrial Technology

The concentration of large and medium-sized backbone industrial enterprises is a major feature of Luoyang. There are now more than 5,000 independent accounting industrial enterprises, with six pillar industries including mechanical electronics, petrochemicals, metallurgy, building materials, textiles, and food, as well as Dongfanghong Tractor, Luoyang Float Glass, Dayang Motorcycle, HJD04 Program-controlled Switch, and Baima Cotton Yarn. , peony copper materials and a large number of international and domestic famous brand products. There are 6 national-level enterprise technology centers and 14 provincial-level ones. With structural adjustment as the main line and an investment of 10 billion yuan, the "1648" traditional industry upgrading and transformation project of 16 enterprises and 48 projects is being fully implemented to accelerate the development of three emerging advantageous industries: petrochemical fiber, coal, electricity and aluminum integration, and electronic information. By the end of the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" period, the city's industrial sales revenue will reach about 100 billion yuan. Luoyang has strong scientific and technological strength. 14 scientific research institutes under the ministry, including the Towing Research Institute, the Shaft Research Institute, the Endurance Research Institute, the 014 Center, and the Petrochemical Engineering Company, launch numerous high-tech achievements every year. There are currently 5 academicians of the "two academies", and scientific and technological personnel account for 20% of the total number of employees. During the Ninth Five-Year Plan period, the city had 1,280 scientific and technological achievements, including 43 at the national level and 483 at the "provincial and ministerial level". The average annual technology transaction volume was more than 300 million yuan. There is a national-level high-tech development zone and a provincial-level software park. 487 well-known domestic and foreign companies, including the world's largest natural gas company, American Carbo Ceramics Company, have settled in the area to start businesses. The city has 146 high-tech enterprises recognized by the province and 295 types of high-tech products.

Urban Construction

In recent years, Luoyang City has taken the lead in creating China's outstanding tourist city and national garden city, and has successively implemented the "construction of 7 roads, 5 bridges and 1 park, and the renovation of 3 The "75133" project with the main content of "touring scenic spots and three public welfare facilities" as the main content, the "Five Image Project" with the main content of green, bright, clean, beautiful and smooth as the main content, and the "75133" project with the main content of scenic spot construction and management, and comprehensive urban environment improvement. The "Creating Civilized Scenic Spots and Civilized Cities" project has massively renovated the city's entrance and exit roads and urban road network, and built a Luohe River Scenic Tour with a length of 14 kilometers from east to west, 1.47 million square meters of green space, and 1.48 million square meters of water surface. In the area, new public facilities such as urban water supply, sewage treatment, piped gas, and central heating have been built, and the city's comprehensive service functions and image quality have been significantly improved. During the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" period, the city followed the urban layout of "taking Luohe River as the axis and developing correspondingly from north to south", and the urban framework was further expanded, setting off a new round of urban construction climax focusing on the development of new areas and the renovation of existing urban areas. Various construction projects in the old urban area are progressing smoothly. Focusing on "two innovations", 17.4 billion yuan has been invested in the renovation of existing urban areas and 194 projects in 6 batches have been implemented. Wangcheng Avenue runs through the north and south of the city, and the traffic at the entrance and exit of the city is convenient and smooth; the four major forest parks, including Zhoushan Forest Park, Longmenshan Forest Park, Xiaolangdi Forest Park, and Shangqinggong Forest Park, serve as "natural oxygen bars" to provide oxygen to the city day and night. ; The 16-kilometer-long Luopu Park is like a colorful and elegant ribbon fluttering on the land of Heluo; after treatment, the Luo River, Yi River, Jian River, and Zhongzhou Canal have become clear water, smooth roads, green banks, and bright lights. The built-up area of ??Luoyang city has reached 105 square kilometers, and the total length of urban roads is nearly 300 kilometers. Paying attention to the construction of ecological environment, greening projects such as courtyard greening, road greening, and square scenic spot greening have achieved remarkable results, and Peony Square and Luopu Park have been built.

A number of public green spaces such as Youth Palace Square and Central Asia Square have significantly improved the living environment. The green coverage rate of the built-up area reaches 37%, and the per capita public green space is 7 square meters. It has passed the national garden city acceptance. Comprehensive urban management continuously strengthens the clean and bright appearance of the city. At present, Luoyang is aiming to highlight the characteristics of the famous city and realize the corresponding development of the north and south of the Luohe River, further expand the urban framework, improve the infrastructure, strengthen the protection of the historical and cultural city, continuously improve the quality of the urban environment and cultural taste, and strive to realize the integration of ancient civilization and modern The integration and unity of civilization.

The development of the new area has achieved phased results. By the end of 2005, the new district had completed a cumulative investment of 18 billion yuan. A total of 48 municipal roads covering 75 kilometers have been started and 35 roads covering 47 kilometers have been completed, and supporting facilities such as water, electricity, heat, gas, and communications have been built. The landscaping area of ??the new district reaches 2.1 million square meters. A total of 605 housing construction projects with a total area of ??4.87 million square meters have been started and 323 buildings with a total area of ??2.34 million square meters have been completed. The city's four major teams moved into the new district to work, the gymnasium and swimming pool were completed and put into use, and projects such as the Luolong District Administrative Center, Qinzhengyuan Community, and High-Level Talent Community were completed and put into use.

Product Resources

Luoyang is rich in product resources and has broad development prospects. There are 26 proven Class A mineral resources such as molybdenum, aluminum, gold, silver, tungsten, coal, iron, zinc, crystal, and lead. These mineral reserves are large, high-grade, and easy to mine and utilize. Among them, molybdenum ore reserves rank first in the country and are one of the three largest molybdenum mines in the world. They are mainly concentrated in Luanchuan County. Among the forest plants in Luoyang City, there are 173 families, 830 genera, 2,308 species, 198 varieties and 6 variants of higher plants. Luoyang City is rich in wildlife resources. There are 342 species of terrestrial vertebrates in the city, including more than 190 species of rare animals and more than 480 species of natural medicinal plants. It is also rich in water resources. There are rivers such as the Yellow River, Luo River, Yi River, Yan River, and Jian River, as well as two large reservoirs in Luhun and Guxian.

Comprehensive strength

In 2007, the GDP was 159.55 billion yuan, an increase of 16%; the general budget revenue exceeded the 10 billion yuan mark, an increase of 30.7%; the whole society was fixed Asset investment was 84.16 billion yuan, an increase of 34.6%, of which industrial investment was 45.73 billion yuan, an increase of 53.4%; total retail sales of consumer goods was 46.79 billion yuan, an increase of 18.5%, a new high since 2000; foreign trade exports exceeded US$1 billion, an increase of 30.8% %; the main business income of industrial enterprises above designated size was 209.36 billion yuan, with profits and taxes of 28.77 billion yuan and profit of 18.13 billion yuan, ranking first in the province in growth rate; the per capita disposable income of urban residents and the per capita net income of farmers both maintained double-digit growth. The actual growth rates reached 10% and 12.3% respectively.

Rural Economy

Luoyang’s agricultural structure adjustment insists on adapting measures to local conditions, highlighting characteristics, regionalization, and large-scale development. The pillar industry pattern has initially taken shape. The development of animal husbandry has accelerated, and dairy production has made breakthrough progress. Luoyang is rich in biological resources and has a wide variety of agricultural economic crops. There are precious tree species such as eucalyptus, hemlock, leech, ginkgo, and white peony root; there are natural chemical raw material plants such as lacquer and tung trees; and there are economic plants such as walnut, hawthorn, chestnut, apple, and persimmon. It is also an important producing area of ??medicinal materials, with more than 1,480 species. Luoyang is an important wheat-producing area in Henan. Yanshi's wheat cultivation technology is well-known throughout the country, with a yield of more than 1,000 kilograms per mu. Cash crops mainly include cotton, tobacco leaves, oilseeds, etc. Local products are famous far and wide, including paulownia from Yanshi, pears and Yellow River carp from Mengjin, persimmons and cherries from Xin'an, green bamboo and kiwi fruit from Luoning, etc. Mengjin's dairy goats and Yichuan's big-tailed cattle are well-known throughout the country, and have been designated by the state as goat and big-tailed cattle production base counties respectively.

Luoyang City Flower

“Luoyang is the most famous garden in the world” and “Luoyang peony is the best in the world”. It is famous for its unique garden, unique and interesting, beautiful and fragrant, and most beautiful. From the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Northern Song Dynasty, there were hundreds of gardens in Luoyang, some with phoenix pavilions and dragon towers, reaching up to the sky and Han Dynasty; some with exquisite carvings and colorful purples and reds. Literati and poets from past dynasties have splashed ink on ancient temples and rock walls, adding a poetic touch to the ancient city. Peony is a traditional famous flower in my country. It has huge buds, bright color and natural beauty. It has the meaning of wealth, auspiciousness and prosperity since ancient times, and represents the style of the Chinese nation as a great nation. "Luoyang is the most suitable flower, and peonies are especially rare in the world." Luoyang peony took root in Heluo land only in the Sui Dynasty, flourished in the Tang Dynasty, and became the most popular flower in the world in the Song Dynasty.

According to legend, Wu Zetian of the Tang Dynasty held a banquet to appreciate flowers in the cold winter, causing all the flowers to bloom, but Peony refused and was banished to Luoyang. Unexpectedly, after moving to Luo, the pistil bloomed in full bloom. When Empress Wu heard about it, she ordered the peonies to be burned. The peony branches were burnt, but the next year the leaves were still blooming, and the flowers were bigger and more colorful. Luoyang peonies became famous all over the world and people in Luoyang cultivated and admired peonies. As poets Liu Yuxi and Bai Juyi of the Tang Dynasty praised: "Only peonies are the true national beauty, and they move the capital when they bloom." "The flowers bloom and fall for twenty days, and everyone in the city is crazy." Premier Zhou Enlai once said that the peony should be the national flower.