SOS: What is the significance of the 12 1 street and 12 1 movement in Kunming?

The "December 11th Movement" was a large-scale patriotic and democratic movement of students against civil war and for democracy during the Liberation War. It happened in Kunming, Yunnan from 65438 to 0945.

After the end of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, people all over the country hoped to achieve peace and democracy, but the Kuomintang government insisted on one-party dictatorship and pursued the civil war policy with the support of the United States. 1945, the ink of the Double Tenth Agreement signed by the Kuomintang and the Communist Party was not dry, and the Kuomintang treacherously attacked the liberated areas in North China, Northeast China, East China and Central China. To this end, the Central Committee called on1October 5 165438 to "mobilize the people of the whole country to stop the civil war by all means". Kunming youth, at the center of the national democratic movement, took the first action and quickly joined the movement against civil war and for democracy. 1 19 10 19, more than 500 representatives from all walks of life in Chongqing, including Guo Moruo and Shen Junru, held an inaugural meeting in the Anti-Civil War Federation of all walks of life in the capital. The meeting called on the people in the Kuomintang areas to oppose the Kuomintang's civil war policy and American interference in China's internal affairs. 165438+1On the evening of October 25th, the student self-governing associations of several universities in Kunming held a party on current affairs in The National SouthWest Associated University, which was attended by more than 6,000 people. Democracy fighters Wu Han, Zhou Xinmin and Wen Yiduo attended the seminar, and professors Qian Duansheng, Wu Qiyuan, Fei Xiaotong and Pan Dakui gave speeches on peace, democracy and coalition government. During the speech, the Kuomintang troops surrounding the venue suddenly shot at the venue with submachine guns, machine guns and small steel cannons to intimidate. The next day, 30,000 students in Kunming announced a general strike, opposed the civil war and protested the atrocities committed by the military and police, and put forward slogans such as immediately stopping the civil war, withdrawing US troops in China, safeguarding people's democratic rights, and establishing a democratic Coalition government. The student organization 100 propaganda team went to the streets to publicize, and was beaten and pursued by Kuomintang agents, and many students were injured. 65438+February 1 day, a large number of Kuomintang spies and soldiers besieged the National The National SouthWest Associated University and Yunnan University in different ways, beating students and teachers, and throwing grenades at places where students were concentrated, killing four people, including Yu Zai, a young teacher of Nanjing Middle School, Pan Yan, a student of National The National SouthWest Associated University, and Zhang Huachang, a student of Lulu Company and Kunhua Technical School, seriously injuring 29 people and slightly injuring more than 30 people, creating a "/KLOC-"that shocked the whole country. After the tragedy, more than 30 thousand teachers and students in Kunming immediately set off a larger anti-civil war democratic movement. While continuing to strike, more than 100 propaganda teams are sent to streets, factories and suburban villages every day to publicize. From February 2, 65438, Kunming held a public sacrifice for four martyrs. In a month and a half, there were 6.5438+0.5 million people from all walks of life, and nearly 700 groups participated in the public sacrifice. Students from all over the country held rallies and demonstrations to support the just struggle of Kunming students. The support and solidarity of students from all over the country and Kunming citizens to Kunming students has effectively dealt a blow to the arrogance of the Kuomintang reactionaries, forced the Kuomintang to "hold a public trial" and shoot the murderer of the students, and removed Li, chairman and acting chairman of the Kuomintang Yunnan Provincial Party Department.

The struggle of Kunming students has aroused strong repercussions throughout the country. People from all walks of life in Yan 'an held a mass meeting. On behalf of the Central Committee, Zhou Enlai praised "young people are the vanguard for peace and democracy" and pointed out that "we are in a new' December 9th' period, and the Kunming tragedy is the new' December 9th'". China Democratic League, Three People's Principles Comrades' Federation and other democratic parties, anti-civil war federations from all walks of life in the capital and celebrities from all walks of life have also sent letters and telegrams of solidarity. Chongqing, Chengdu, Shanghai, Zunyi and other cities have all started mass solidarity activities. The "December 11th Movement" exposed the plot of the Kuomintang reactionaries to launch a civil war, which was the symbol of the developing democratic movement in the Kuomintang areas at that time and the third milestone after the May 4th Movement and the December 9th Movement. It has written a glorious page in the history of China Youth Movement and China New Democratic Revolution.

Brief introduction of four martyrs

Yuzai

Party member, a teacher of Nanjing Middle School, a producer in China, was born in May. 192 1. After the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, Yu Zai, a senior three student, went to Wuhan and Chongqing to study while working. /kloc-0 defected to Yan' an in February, 1938, studied at Shanbei Public School, and returned to work in Wuhan Eighth Route Army Office after graduation. Assigned by the Party Organization, he was appointed as the political instructor of the 2nd Battalion of the 325th Regiment of the 55th Division of the National Revolutionary Army stationed in Wuhan, and participated in the defence of Wuhan. After the fall of Wuhan, he broke through with the troops, arrived in fengjie county, Sichuan Province, and joined the national liberation vanguard of China in fengjie county. He helped wounded soldiers, children in difficulty, publicized anti-Japanese, and read progressive books and periodicals. At the end of the same year, he joined China Producers Party. 1February, 939, when he was teaching in Hekouchang Primary School in Wanxian County, Sichuan Province, he served as the propaganda committee member of the special underground branch of the school. In September, he was transferred to Chongqing Eighth Route Army Office as a temporary traffic police. 1940 10 worked as an accountant in Chongqing sancaisheng coal mine. Under the leadership of the party organization, Yu reorganized the coal miners to fight for improving their living conditions. After the victory of the struggle, he left the coal mine to escape the persecution of the spy. In the autumn of the same year, he was admitted to China Yucai College of Rural Construction. Together with party member, he actively carried out progressive activities inside and outside the school and kept in touch with the Chongqing office of the Eighth Route Army. 1July, 943, after graduating from Yucai College again, I worked as a clerk in the Treasury Department of the Ministry of Finance of the National Government for two months. He joined the China Anti-Japanese Expeditionary Force and went to India to fight as a lieutenant quartermaster. During this period, he lost contact with the party organization. /kloc-in the summer of 0/945, Yu returned to Kunming with the expeditionary force. At first, because there was no job, I made a living by selling clothes. Later, he was introduced as a teacher of private Nanjing Middle School in Kunming. 1945 12 1 day, Kuomintang thugs and spies attacked the school building of National Southwest Associated University. Yu Zai, who passed by the entrance of the General Assembly, witnessed the atrocities of the reactionary military and police, was filled with indignation, and was not afraid to go forward to dissuade him when he was in danger, and was injured by the mob. Just as a thug pulled out the fuse of a Grenade and was about to throw it at the school, Yu Zai jumped on it and got a head injury. Because of his injuries, the treatment was ineffective and he died that night.

Panyan

Female, a student of The National SouthWest Associated University Normal University, from Xuzhou, Jiangsu, party member. 1934 advanced placement was admitted to Xuzhou Women's Normal School. 1937 Joined the "Anti-Japanese Youth Cadre Training Mission" in the Fifth Theater. 1939 was admitted to the first female teacher in Hubei province, and joined the China * * * production party in the same year. /kloc-in the winter of 0/940, he was admitted to the "Training Course for Handicraft Textile Personnel" and joined the work after graduation. 1943 was admitted to the National The National SouthWest Associated University Teachers College, and 1945 died in the "12.21"tragedy.

Li lulian

Students from Teachers College of National Southwest Associated University. Born in 1927, a native of Shengxian County, Zhejiang Province, a teenager traveled north and south with his father, heard and witnessed the crimes of the Kuomintang reactionaries brutally suppressing the people, and gradually accepted new ideas. 1945 graduated from high school and entered the normal college of National Southwest Associated University to study mathematics and science. In Xichang "May 4th" speech contest, won the first place. 1 945 65438+February1day, the reactionary Kuomintang military police went to the Teachers College of the General Assembly to make trouble. He is at the forefront of the struggle. Reactionary military police and secret agents threw grenades at unarmed students, and Li Lulian died on the spot.

Zhang Huachang

Students of Kunhua Polytechnic School, 1929, 1 1 June, were born in Qujing County, Yunnan Province (now Qilin District, Qujing City). 1945 autumn, admitted to Kunhua Senior Industrial Vocational School. 1945165438+1On the evening of October 25th, Zhang Huachang participated in the anti-civil war current affairs evening held in The National SouthWest Associated University, and was greatly encouraged. In the face of the high-handed behavior of the local authorities of the Kuomintang in Yunnan against the students' anti-civil war activities, they expressed strong indignation. He actively participated in the anti-civil war democratic strike movement of Kunming students, witnessed the reactionary military police suppressing the students' strike, and produced a strong rebellious spirit. 1 945 65438+February1When the Kuomintang thugs broke into the Teachers College of National Southwest Associated University and beat students everywhere, some students in the Teachers College were caught off guard and forced to retreat to Kunhua Polytechnic School, which is just across the wall, for help. Zhang Huachang, who was resting in the dormitory, was the first to rush out after hearing the news, conveniently carrying sports equipment and softball sticks for physical exercise at ordinary times, and taking dozens of students over the wall to enter the Normal College of the General Assembly. Regardless of his personal safety, he rushed forward to fight with the armed mob. I saw him waving a softball bat in his hand, expelling the mob and protecting the safety of his classmates. After the students of Kunhua Institute of Technology and the Normal College of the General Assembly rebelled, the mob was driven out of the school gate of the Normal College of the General Assembly, and the students immediately closed the school gate. The evil thug refused to give up. They smashed the gate of the Teachers College of the General Assembly and threw two grenades into it, injuring many students on the spot. Zhang Huachang also suffered a head injury. The students helped him back to the hospital to rest, only to find that the mob rushed into the school yard and beat Zhang Huachang who fell under the cypress tree with sticks. Only after the students tried their best to rescue Zhang Huachang was sent to the hospital for rescue. Zhang Huachang died of serious injuries. He was only 16 years old when he died. He is the youngest of the four martyrs in the December 11th Movement, and is called "the young soldier who died in the December 11th Movement".

Four martyrs cemetery

The tomb of the "December 1st" four martyrs is located in the northeast corner of the campus of Yunnan Normal University (formerly Kunming Normal University), surrounded by bamboos and cypresses. Two stone pillars stand in front of the tomb, with a bright red torch at the top; The story of the December 12th Movement written by Mr. Wen Yiduo is engraved on the pedestal of the stone pillar. The stone screen behind the tomb is the relief of the god of freedom: countless young people follow the Statue of Liberty, running towards freedom and calling for light. There is a poem engraved with deep affection under the relief: when will you return when the deceased is like a husband? We have never left here. Dead man, why can't you go out? We are here, don't be sad. We are here, you look up. We are not in the hearts of those who love justice? People who love freedom don't have us in their minds? Who loves not seeing us in front of us? There is a chain fence around the tomb of the martyrs, and the whole cemetery is solemn. Every year, thousands of people come here to pay their respects and mourn; Teenagers often come here to visit graves to mourn.

Modern 12 1 Avenue

Release date: 20 10-0 1-07

Reporter Xu Xiaojun

For Kunming, 12 1 street is unique. Because of the tragic revolutionary events 64 years ago, this street was recorded in the history of China; Because many well-known universities have gathered in Yunnan, they have become the source of education and intellectual resources in Kunming; In recent 20 years, IT has been derived as the "cradle" of Kunming IT industry because of its special resource advantages.

However, in the new era of Kunming's upgrading, when the commercial and residential area of Kunming, Zhengyi Road, was upgraded to the core business district, the dust settled in the central business district of Luosiwan. At this time, when we overlook 2 1 street, modern and convenient traffic seems to cover up its somewhat lonely "face". This intellectual street in Kunming is not only surrounded by modern buildings rising from far and near, but also seems to be surrounded by its own unrepeatable history.

12 1 pride of the street

The pride of 2 1 street comes from the historical endowment, the foil of books and, of course, the reappearance of the day after tomorrow.

In the previous 20 years, in the development and evolution of Kunming's industrial economy, relying on the special geographical and resource advantages, combined with the adjacent Yuanxi Road, 12 1 Street established the position of the "cradle" of Kunming's IT industry.

About the pride of IT industry development in 21st Street, we should start from Yuanxi Road.

According to the data, Yuanxi Road was still a big vegetable market in the late 1980s. At that time, in various vegetable stalls, some vendors were selling cassettes (tape recorders), radio components and various scattered electronic products. But who would have thought that IT was this "guerrilla" small business that made the IT industry in 12 1 street prosperous in the future.

In the early 1990s, the electronic products in Yunnan, especially the computer industry related to high technology, just started, and the market for large-scale electronic products was still a blank spot. Perhaps it is the "enlightenment" function of vendors on Yuanxi Road. Among those who sell cassettes, electronic components and tape recorders, some people began to sell personal computer products, and this street really touched the world information technology wave.

Because there are many colleges and universities around, there is no shortage of sales of electronic and IT products here, which leads to an "IT gold rush". Then this heat wave broke through Yuanxi Road and quickly spread to 12 1 street, and quickly occupied the shops on both sides of the street. During this period, 2 1 Street, which is different from the primary electronic product business model of Yuanxi Road, has become a gathering place for many IT businesses. In the next few years, the IT market turnover of 12 1 Street jumped to 2 billion yuan, becoming the leading IT market in Yunnan.

After nearly 20 years of development, at present, more than 90% of the IT business in Kunming is concentrated in the area of 2 1 1 Avenue, including Yuanxi Road, and radiates to the upstream warehousing and downstream electronic product maintenance. IT has become the core area of Kunming IT industry development.

In Kunming and even the whole Yunnan region, "buying IT products will lead to" one two one "has become a conditioned reflex of IT consumption. The prosperity of business atmosphere in 2 1 street can be seen.

12 1 Street Sorrow

However, it is unavoidable that when modern new Kunming enters a special period of upgrading and land exchange, the unique 12 1 street, except for its historical endowment, seems to have drifted away.

Walking through 2 1 street, the new rapid transit system in 1 year sends a signal of modern prosperity; Yunnan University and Yunnan Normal University are quiet and elegant. On both sides of the street, computer sales, computer maintenance, electronic products wholesale and retail signs are almost seamlessly connected, wrapping 12 1 street.

When Zhengyi Road, a commercial and residential area in Kunming, was revived as an old street in Kunming, and Luosi Bay began to transform into a central business district, the IT industry operation format of 12 1 street was still in a primitive and extensive state.

In fact, invisible pressure is approaching. With the promulgation of the new Kunming city blueprint, developing the pioneering area of urban economy, building the creative comprehensive industrial zone in western China and building the central intellectual zone have become the short-term goals of urban development. Faced with such a long-term vision, Kunming, the "cradle" of the IT market, should face up to the "near worries" in the future.

Xu Guangyuan, a professor and doctoral supervisor at School of Economics of Yunnan University, almost witnessed the growth and prosperity of 2 1 street, but at the same time he was worried about its future development direction. On the one hand, almost all the businesses here are trading companies, playing the role of porters, and their business scope only stays in the initial stage of extensive IT industry such as sales and maintenance. Therefore, there are few private brands, which can only play a supporting role in the national information product market, and there is still a long way to go from the development of independent industrialization; Secondly, due to the lack of unified management and industry guidance in the whole market, the operation is inevitably scattered.

In Xu Guangyuan's view, although the development of IT industry in Yunnan lags behind the whole country, it has the advantages of low labor cost and great consumption growth potential. The development of information industry, the arrival of information consumption era, the overall start of the construction of "Digital Kunming" in Kunming, and the wide popularization and application of information technology in the whole society have all brought historic opportunities for Yunnan IT industry to lay a solid foundation, promote the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure and achieve greater development. Taking the ASEAN market as an example, Yunnan has excellent geographical advantages in both transportation and logistics. Therefore, Yunnan should give full play to its regional advantages, accumulate technical and industrial energy, face Southeast Asia while serving the local area, and form a regional competitive advantage by promoting e-commerce and e-government.

Therefore, Xu Guangyuan believes that 2 1 Street has become a brand of Kunming IT market due to its special location advantages and the accumulation of IT market development in the past 20 years. If such a brand can't make a creative breakthrough in industry and business model, IT will not only limit the development of the existing market, but also hurt the integration and upgrading of Kunming IT industry.

Start a breakthrough battle

Fortunately, the battle for "breakthrough" has started.

Only by crossing the trajectory of two landmark projects in the concept map of Central Intelligence District in Wuhua District of Lianhuachi District can we deeply feel that 21st Street is actually regaining the majestic charm of Kunming IT industry development.

As a renovation project of Lianhuachi Village in China, Zhiyuan Urban Complex Project, which won the title of "Typical Famous Brand of Urbanization Operation of Property Market" not long ago, will plan to use a super-large business district of 200,000 square meters to build an international IT commercial aircraft carrier facing the whole province and radiating Southeast Asia.

According to the development plan, in 20 10, a "Zhongguancun" in Yunnan will appear beside the lotus pond and become a large-scale, intensive and specialized IT industrial city in western China. Relying on the advantages of neighboring universities and IT industry formed over the years, the industrial city will integrate residence, high technology, software development, product display and commercial circulation, become an IT base and channel based in Kunming and serving Yunnan, and become a smart city.

On both sides of Minyuan Road facing 2 1 Street, the huge poster of "Kunming International IT Aircraft Carrier Brilliance" of Zhiyuan Urban Complex Project indicates the future of 2 1 Street.

Facing Zhiyuan Complex, Sujiatang Urban Village Reconstruction Project will also provide many entrepreneurial talents with entrepreneurial bases such as advertising, art, software development, design, animation and new media.

It can be predicted that in the near future, Lianhuachi area will be built into a new space with distinctive characteristics of central intelligent area. And 12 1 street will usher in a new round of revival.

Jump into the "Zhiyuan City Complex" and overlook the 21 ST Street-this is the latest rhythm of a city.