Ask Wang Jian about the specific history of Korea.

The following is the life story of Wang Jian ~

Jian (about 767-831) was born in Yingchuan (now Xuchang, Henan Province) in the middle of the year. Poor family, "joined the army for thirteen years", lived in the countryside, "worried about food and clothing all day long", and after forty years old, "white hair became an official" and sank into the next office, where he was called Wang Sima. He wrote a lot of Yuefu, sympathized with the sufferings of the people, and was as famous as Zhang Ji. He also wrote hundreds of palace poems, which, in addition to the traditional palace grievances, also described the palace scenery extensively, which is an important material for studying the palace life in the Tang Dynasty. He wrote some small words with a unique style. The original title of Joking Order was "Joking in the Palace". It can be seen that this was specially for the king to joke, but Wang Jian used it to write about the women's grievances in the palace: "The round fan, the round fan, and the beauty came to cover their faces. Jade face languishes for three years, who will discuss orchestral again? Chord tube, chord tube, spring grass Zhaoyang road is broken. " The last sentence is firm, and the feeling of watching is on the paper. Another example is "Three Stations in the South of the Yangtze River": "Little women by the pool in Yangzhou are long-term businessmen in the city. I haven't heard from you for three years, and I worship ghosts and pray for God. " It's a pure line drawing, not interesting.

poets in the Tang dynasty. His family declined, and he left home at an early age to live in the countryside of Weizhou. About 2 years old, I met Zhang Ji, studied under the teacher together, and began to write Yuefu poems. In the 13th year of Zhenyuan (797), he resigned from his family and went to Youzhou in the north and Jingzhou in the south, and wrote some poems on the frontier war and military life. After 13 years in the army (Bieyang School Book), he left the army and lived in Xianyang countryside, leading a life of "worrying about food and clothing all the time" (Thirteen original new houses). Around the eighth year of Yuanhe (813), Ren Zhaoying became a county official. In the first year of Changqing (821), he moved to Taifu Temple and became a secretary. When I was in Chang 'an, I had contacts with Zhang Ji, Han Yu, Bai Juyi, Liu Yuxi and Juyuan Yang. At the beginning of Daiwa, I moved to Taichang Temple again. About in the third year of Daiwa (829), he became Sima of Shaanxi Province. Known as Wang Sima. In the fifth year of Daiwa, he was the secretariat of Gwangju (the place where he ruled today is Huangchuan, Henan Province), and Jia Dao went to present poems. After that, the trace is unknown.

Wang Jian lived in poverty all his life, so he had the opportunity to get in touch with social reality, understand people's sufferings and write a lot of excellent Yuefu poems. His Yuefu poems are as famous as Zhang Ji's, which is called "Zhang Wang Yuefu" in the world. His poems have a wide range of themes, strong flavor of life, profound thoughts and clear love and hate. Such as Tian Jia Xing, Ci of Silkworm Gathering, Weaving at the Window, Brocade, Ci of Sting-promoting, Qufu, Shuifu Ballad, Hairen Ballad, etc., reflect the painful life of the working people who have been brutally exploited and oppressed, and express deep sympathy for the tragic situation of working women in particular; Two White Songs, Feathering in the Woods, Shooting at the Tiger, etc., reveal the dark social reality such as the dissolute monarch, the fierce power and the scuffle between the vassal regions; Gu Congjun, A Journey to Liaodong, Crossing the Liao River, and A Journey to Liangzhou, etc., criticized the frontier war that brought disaster to the broad masses of people, and at the same time condemned the incompetence of the frontier generals, who did not know how to recover their lost land, showing their progressive stance of opposing the militaristic tactics and lamenting the decline of the country. In addition, he also has some works, such as "The Divine Comedy" and "Family Stay", which describe rural customs and life pictures. "Farewell Song" and "Listening to Words in the Mirror" show women's yearning for their relatives who have traveled far away. "Wang Fu Shi" and "Jing Wei Ci" praised the faithful love and the fighting spirit of the oppressed. There are also a few works that reveal negative emotions such as impermanence of life, sighing for the old and hurting the poor.

Wang Jian's Yuefu poems are good at choosing typical characters, events and environments in life, summarizing them artistically, reflecting the reality centrally and vividly, and revealing contradictions. He seldom makes comments in his poems, but uses techniques such as comparison, line drawing, contrast and setting off to reproduce reality through confessions of various images or characters. Or highlight the theme with a heavy pen at the end and come to an abrupt end. The pen is concise and sharp, penetrating, and the tone is implicit, which is intended to be implicit. The genre is mostly seven-character songs, and the length is short. The language is popular, clear and concise, full of folk songs and proverbs. Rhyme is flat and even, often changing rhymes every two or four sentences, with short rhythm and strong agitation. These characteristics form the unique artistic style of Wang Jian's Yuefu poems.

Wang Jian is also famous for Gong Ci. His hundreds of Gong Ci poems break through the stereotype of predecessors' description of palace grievances, and broadly describe the palaces, towers, ceremonies and festivals in the palace palace, as well as the pleasure and hunting of kings, the singing and dancing of geisha musicians, the life of ladies-in-waiting and all kinds of trivial things in the palace palace palace, which are like pictures of customs, and are important materials for studying the palace life in the Tang Dynasty. Ouyang Xiu's Poems on June 1 once pointed out that its content "said many things forbidden in the Tang Palace, which were not contained in historical novels". The description in the poem is also lifelike, so it is widely spread and quite imitated. Wei Qingzhi's Poet Jade Scrap quoted the Old Postscript of Tang Wang Jian Gong Ci, saying that later generations "although there were several people who benefited from this style, they were built as their ancestors". Wang Jian's five or seven words are close to the body, and some of his works, such as banishment, traveling and parting, and living in seclusion, can also be "moved by the real life experience, which is beyond the reach of Taoist priests" (Biography of Talented Talents in Tang Dynasty). However, these poems are often mixed with negative and decadent ideas and lack obvious artistic characteristics. His quatrains are fresh and graceful, and can be recited. He also wrote three poems such as "Three in the Palace" and "Three in the South of the Yangtze River", and was one of the important writers of literati ci in the middle Tang Dynasty.

Wang Jian's works, such as Records of Arts and Cultures in the New Tang Dynasty, Records of Reading in County Zhai, Solving Problems in Records in Zhi Zhai, etc., all have 1 volumes, and Chongwen Zongmu has 2 volumes. There are 1 volumes of Wang Jian's Poems, which were published in the Southern Song Dynasty by Chen Jieyuan. In 1959, the Shanghai editor of Zhonghua Book Company took this as the base copy, and made up and printed it with reference to other publications. Wang Jian's Poems, 8 volumes, Ming Ji Gu Ge engraving. "Wang Jianshi" 8 volumes, "Tang Six Masters Collection" this. Wang Sima Collection, 8 volumes, published by Hu Jiezhi in Qing Dynasty. Wang Jian's Poems, 1 volumes, The Complete Works of 1 Famous Tang Poems. "Gong Ci" is a volume, with a single engraving and an annotated version of Ming Gu Qi Jing. For deeds, see Chronicle of Tang Poetry and Tang Caizi.

2.

Wang Jian (847-918) was the founder of the former Shu State during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms. Great ancestor of the former Shu Dynasty. Word light diagram. Chen Zhou Xiangcheng (now Shenqiu, Henan Province) was a native of Wuyang, Xuzhou (now Wuyang West, Henan Province). When I was young, I made a living by slaughtering cattle, stealing donkeys and selling smuggled salt, and then I joined the Zhongwu Army (governing Xuzhou, now Xuchang, Henan). Nuo zong fled to Chengdu to avoid the front of the Huang Chao uprising army, and Jincon Wudutou led his troops into Shu, and was named as the escort Wudu, under the command of eunuch Tian Lingzi. Lingzi recognized him as an adopted son. Later, it was divided into the Shence Army. Eunuch Yang Fuguong took charge of the imperial army, suspected Wang Jian, and made it the secretariat of Bizhou (a profitable state). Wang Jian recruited the chiefs of Xidong, organized a team of 8 people, gradually expanded the territory and occupied the western and southern States of Chengdu. In the second year of Dashun (891), Chengdu was captured. In the fourth year of Ganning (897), he broke Zizhou (Dongchuan Province) and occupied the land of East and West Sichuan. Day after day (92) took Shannan West Road. In three years, the Tang Dynasty conferred the title of King Shu of Wang Jianwei. There is Hanzhong in the north of Wang Jian and Three Gorges in the east, and the foundation of the separatist regime in Shu is solid. In the first year of Kaiping in Houliang (97), he was proclaimed emperor in Chengdu, with the title of Shu, which was called Qian Shu in history. In the second year of Wu Cheng (99), Wang Jian awarded Yongchang Calendar. In the first year of Tianhan (917), the country name was changed to Han. The following year, the compound number was Shu. At that time, there was a war in the Central Plains, and most of the scribes ran to Shu. Wang Jianmin was ignorant of books and liked to talk with the scribes. After the establishment of pre-Shu, there was no large-scale war, and the people were able to continue their production.

Third,

Three thousand miles of rivers and mountains, Emperor Gao Taizu-Wang Jian

At the beginning of the ninth century, the royal power of Silla Dynasty, which had been established for more than 9 years, declined. With the decline of the Tang Dynasty after the Anshi Rebellion, Silla's rule also fell into crisis.

Silla experienced the "Gongfu Rebellion". In 88 AD, Jinzhou, the center of Silla Dynasty, ushered in a prosperous period of "no grass house in the city" and finally declined helplessly. In 887 AD, the fifty-first generation of the True Saint Queen ascended the throne. At this time, the central government's control over the localities was already very weak.

The reasons for the decline of the Tang Dynasty are very similar. Starting with the uprising of Yuan Zong and Ai Nu, the peasant riots reached a climax again. Local aristocratic forces in various places took the opportunity to claim to be generals and casters, and set up independent power institutions by force. The Silla royal family was constantly eroded, and finally it was only equivalent to a local regime centered on Jinzhou.

In the law of the jungle merger war, Zhen Xuan and Gong Zi stood out, cutting off other forces and sharing the world with Silla. Zhen Xuan, a farmer from Shangzhou, started as a soldier. At first, he was just a pawn, but later he was promoted to general by Silla court because of his accumulated meritorious military service. He gathered strength in the southwest coastal area of the Korean Peninsula to prepare for dispatch troops. In the sixth year of the True Saint King (AD 892), Zhen Xuan took advantage of the peasant uprising and gathered a group of outlaws to attack Wuzhenzhou (Gwangju, Jeollanam-do). Later, according to the Shanzhou (Jeollabuk-do), she stood on her own two feet. At first, she was known as "Silla ruled and commanded the military forces in the west, and held festivals in the state of Quanwugong, and carried out state-wide stabbings and ambassadors, including Zhongcheng and Zhuguo." Claiming to revive Baekje destroyed by Silla, the country was named Baekje, which was called Houekje in history.

Bow-born, at the beginning of the army's independence in 899 AD, claimed to be from Silla royal family, and was the illegitimate son of King Xiankang. In the fifth year of King Xiao Gong (AD 91), the Bow clan abandoned orthodoxy and established its capital in Kaesong as the king, claiming to revive Koguryo, which was named after Koguryo in history. In 94, the country name was changed to Mo Zhen, and Yuan was established alone. In 95 AD, the capital was moved to Tieyuan (Tieyuan County, gangwon), and the country name was changed to Taifeng. Then he launched a fierce offensive against Silla and sent troops to the north, and even attacked Baekje from the south by sea. At that time, he was invincible and unstoppable. But the rule of the bow clan has no flavor of benevolent governance. Because he hated Silla, he tried to kill all Silla people. Bow people use Buddhism to maintain their own rule. He calls himself Maitreya Buddha, wearing a gold plaque and a square robe, taking his eldest son as a green light bodhisattva and Ji Zi as a divine light bodhisattva. He once described more than 2 volumes of "Buddhist Scriptures", all of which were fallacies and heresies that sang praises for himself. A monk, Shi Cong, criticized what the Bow clan had taught him as "heresy about tales of mystery". When the Bow clan heard about it, he immediately arrested Shi Cong and beat him to death with an iron cone. Like all tyrants in the world, Bow people are suspicious of their subordinates, and many people have been killed because of his unwarranted suspicion. In order to shock people's psychology, the Bow Clan claimed that he had the divine power to gain insight into other people's inner world, and as a result, his subordinates were afraid of themselves. Bow's perverse behavior finally led to his downfall, which made his confidant general Wang Jian onto the historical stage of North Korea.

Wang Jianzi, born in Songyue County (Gyeonggi Province), was born in Ganfu, Tang Xizong for four years (AD 877). Wang Jian served as the Lord of Songyue and the prefect of Tieyuan under the command of the Bow clan, and became the most effective general of the Bow clan because of his meritorious military service. He commanded the water army in the southwest waters and his strength gradually increased. There are different opinions about the origin of Wang Jian in historical records, and there are many omissions. The book "Korean lineage" records many legends about Wang's ancestors circulated in the Korean era. This book is a little cloud, the first name of Taizu Wang Jian is Hu Jing, and he calls himself General of Sacred Bone. Kang Zhong was born in the tiger scene, and Kang Zhong had a son, who was gifted with kindness and learned to cultivate in different mountains. Baoyu's daughter, with the surname of Tang Gui, was born as Emperor Jian, who lived in a long-distance headland temple in her later years and often read Buddhist scriptures. Being the son of Emperor Jian is called Longjian, that is, the ancestor and the father of Taizu. At that time, there was a road in Tongli Mountain, and we met our ancestors as old friends. We went to Guling Mountain to study the veins of mountains and rivers, looked up at astronomy, looked down at geography, and built a new place in Songyue. It was predicted that the three Koreas would be unified and the British Lord would be born. However, this statement is actually from Jin Kuanyi's Annals of Annals, which was written by Emperor Yizong of Korea, and it is a fake work of later generations. According to Song Jingzhi, Jin Yongfu and Jin Kuanyi were all courtiers. Kuan Yi wrote Annals and Records, which Yongfu adopted. His son also said that Kuan Yi visited and collected all the furniture and livestock documents, and later Min Shui wrote "Chronological Compendium", also because of Kuan Yi's theory. Li Qixian, the only one, used the "Clan Records of Sheng Yuan Lu" to denounce its fallacy. Qi Xian's generation of famous Confucian scholars, do not have nothing to see but talk about the lineage of the current monarch? A Record of the Emperor Taizu was written by Huang Zhouliang, a literary scholar in Zhengtang. Zhou Liangshi's great-grandfather Sun Xianzong's dynasty. Taizu's current affairs are in the eyes and ears, and they are posthumously presented, according to the facts. Taking Zhenhe as the match of the country, I thought that there was no word in the three generations, and Kuan Yi was a micro-official in Sejong's time, and went to Taizu for more than 26 years. Can I give up the record at that time and believe in the evil books produced by future generations? (Song Jing Zhi, Volume 7)

According to the research of modern scholars, Wang originated from Licheng Port in the lower reaches of Licheng River to the west of Kaesong. In the 8th and 9th centuries, it was a hub of land and water transportation and a metropolis where merchants gathered, which was the starting point for the Korean Peninsula trade to Chinese mainland. Now it is estimated that Wang was originally a giant businessman who started from trade, and then gradually grew into a powerful strongman in Kaesong. Wang Jian's father, Wang Longjian, took control of Kaesong and took it as a stronghold. In 896, Wang Long and his son, Wang Jian, joined the Bow clan, and since then, Wang Jian has become the right-hand man of the Bow clan. In the second year of the new King Luo Jingming (AD 918), the subordinate officers of the Bow clan started an uprising, and Wang Jian's confidant riders Hong Ru, Pei Xuanqing, Shen Chongqian and Park Zhiqian expelled the Bow clan to support King Wang Jianwei (Bow clan was killed on the way to his death). "Dong Guo Tong Jian" Volume 12 and "Korean History? In the second year of Emperor Taizu's reign, he moved the capital to Songyue County, promoted the county to Kaizhou, and founded the Palace Que. Wang Jian also claimed to be Goguryeo's successor, with the title of Korea and the title of Tiancai. At this point, the situation of the last three countries on the Korean peninsula was formally formed. Korea and post-Baekje quickly fell into confrontation and war.

in 92 (the third year of Korea's natural gift), Wang Jian first sent a joint message to King Jingming of Silla, and hired an envoy to Silla. In the same year, Zhen Xuan captured Daye City in the west of Silla and marched into Jinli City at the southern end of Korea, and Silla asked Wang Jian for help. Then began a 16-year war of reunification. At the beginning of the war, the two sides won and lost each other and formed a distance. Both sides actively sought assistance from the outside world. In 922 AD, Baekje sent an envoy to Japan, hoping that Japan would join the war on the peninsula, but Japan refused. So Zhen Xuan went to the later Tang Dynasty again, in exchange for "holding the festival as the commander-in-chief of the whole state of Wu and other States, stabbing the whole state, making Haidong's west command the military and horses, and other things, and Baekje Wang's food city was 2,5 households, and the proofreader Qiu was also awarded Baekje." In addition, the Bowman sent envoys to wuyue as early as 9 AD when he just became king (in fact, in 896 AD, he sent envoys to Qian Liu, our time in eastern Zhejiang, which was not king at that time). However, the post-Baekje diplomatic activities did not help it gain an advantage in the war. (At that time, the strength of the Central Plains Dynasty itself was very limited, and the so-called titles were just a dead letter, while the strength of the separatist regime in the south of the Yangtze River was even weaker. )

In 926 AD, an unprecedented decisive battle was launched between Korea and Baekje. After September, Baekje went straight to Jinzhou, and in October, the city fell. When the city fell, King Ai of Jing and his concubines were visiting the Baoshi Pavilion and having a water banquet, all of which were won by Baekje soldiers. Wang Jian personally led the troops to aid, and he was defeated. Wang Jian was only spared. King Jing Ai committed suicide. Although Zhen Xuan won, he paid a considerable price, so in December Zhen Xuan offered a truce to Wang Jian. Wang Jian agreed in March of the following year. Zhen Xuan used a few months to step up preparations for the whole army and get a break. In May, it will start fighting again in the north of Gyeongsangbuk-do and the south of Chungcheongbuk-do. After 929 AD, Baekje made rapid progress in Gyeongsangbuk-do. In the same year, Zhen Xuan once again asked Japan for help and was rejected.

Korea began to fight back in 93, the year when Wang Jian defeated Baekje in Guchang County. In 933 AD, Wang Jian sent an envoy to the later Tang Dynasty to be hired, and was named King of Korea. In the same year, Wang Jian abandoned the self-reliance title "Tianjian" and began to adopt the title "Changxing" given by the later Tang Dynasty. Get it.