President Jiang Zi talks about Kong Yiji (including everyone's views)

Formal analysis and typical text processing can help us understand the text more deeply. After understanding the text, we can enter the level of righteousness, enter the level of major cultural themes and cultural motifs to analyze. In the process from typical to classic, the logic must be clear. Where is the value of Lu Xun? I haven't read many works of Lu Xun, but based on my understanding of China's traditional culture, I think the reason why Lu Xun wants to create such an image as Kong Yiji is to illustrate the cultural degradation with the fall of an intellectual. Lu Xun is criticizing our degraded culture in the most acerbic and calm way. However, this happens to be a boxing heart of our nation and our culture. I think this may be the most complicated spiritual world of Lu Xun. In other words, what is the purpose and value of Lu Xun's image of Kong Yiji? I think it can only be understood from this angle.

Kong Yiji is an intellectual, but he is a degenerate intellectual. China's culture is brilliant, but I'm sorry, at that particular time, China's culture presented a degenerate form. So Lu Xun wanted to burn it. From a classical point of view, the analysis of the whole article should revolve around this point.

Where can we see that Kong Yiji is an intellectual? Or an intellectual? From where, can you see that it is corrupt? When we say that Kong Yiji is still an intellectual, everything we say is external, that is, Kong Yiji is still an intellectual in external form and shell. However, the inner spirit of China intellectuals is gone, and there is nothing left. This is the image of Kong Yiji, and this is also the degeneration of China culture in that particular era. This is why Lu Xun criticized it. If I were to deal with this article, I would probably deal with it around this core point. From what places in the article we can see that Kong Yiji is still an intellectual; From what places and words in the text, do you think Kong Yiji is not an intellectual? From the text, these things can be seen from the surface of the text. At this point, pull it up again. What kind of image should intellectuals be in our traditional culture? What kind of mental state should it exist on the earth? This can help our children understand the image of Kong Yiji, a fallen intellectual, and then understand the degradation of the specific environment and culture in that particular era, so as to understand why Lu Xun and others want to hold high the banner of Mr. and Mr. Sai and return to Lu Xun himself in that era. I think understanding Lu Xun from a cultural perspective may be a key to understanding Lu Xun.

If Lu Xun's article is difficult, we can't regard it as a classic directly. We might as well regard it as a typical one first, and then pull it up as a classic.

Teacher Lily:

From the ridiculous, hateful and pathetic level, from the individual to the whole society, the full text is promoted step by step.

President Jiang Zi:

After reading more articles by Lu Xun, we will find that Lu Xun generally does not express his hatred and sorrow to a certain person or even to the society. I think the classic of Lu Xun's article is that it transcends the times. Lu Xun's classicality may be that it reveals the fate of all cultures themselves and the fate of all those splendid cultures in history. Culture is also alive. Those cultural heroes are just spokesmen of this culture. And all the once brilliant cultures are in the dust of history, without exception, they will disappear in a certain period. Then, this kind of profound sorrow, he is not sad for a certain person, a certain world or a certain era, but the kind of sorrow born from standing in the long river of human history and culture, which is a great sorrow, and his sorrow is very profound. Therefore, Lu Xun's sorrow is a great sorrow for the inevitable fate of culture. Ask what to do. However, at this point, Lu Xun may not have found a particularly good way.

Lu Xun had great sorrow at the level of China culture, and then he found a way out on the basis of this great sorrow. And Lu Xun's way out can be expressed in a philosophical way. It's just a pity that Lu Xun died earlier, and the road he gave was vague. Therefore, it is important to live well. In this way, the unfinished road can be completed. ...

Note: Personally, I think the article Kong Yiji can be discussed from a personal perspective, a social perspective and a cultural perspective. There are pros and cons, but there is no right or wrong. The key is the coach's preference and control ability.

Comments on Teacher Ya Jun's Kong Yiji and Conception of Challenge Sheet

Kong Yiji is "the only one standing and drinking and wearing a gown", which shows that Kong Yiji is different, different from ordinary people, has his own persistence and stubbornness, and is a different kind. Coupled with his ridiculous words and deeds, from today's point of view, Kong Yiji is a warrior with his own persistence, and an alien who is unwilling to go with the flow. Finally, he was interrupted and retired. Finally, he was "not very distinguished", which might be regarded as Kong Yiji's ego. For idealists, when they start to give up on themselves, that is, when they die.

The article is very classic and extremely difficult to handle. The teacher tried to bring the children into the text through five questions and get inspiration.

First, the article says, "Kong Yiji is so happy, but without him, others will live like this." Why does Kong Yiji make people happy? Such a happy person, why not, others will live like this?

To answer this question, we must first sort out the text and then summarize it. Nothing more than Kong Yiji's portrait, appearance, manners, language, actions and deeds make people feel relaxed and happy. We can't just find out these pleasures, but also analyze why they make people happy, or which of these aspects touches the laughing nerves of the spectators. With these analyses, the second question of this question can be answered well. Kong Yiji is a joke, Kong Yiji is a drama, and Kong Yiji is an absurd idealist who insists and disillusions himself. As a spectator, when the play stops or the play is over, it is natural to live his ordinary life as usual.

Second, when Kong Yiji made his last appearance, he said, "But this time, he didn't know much about it. He just said,' Don't make fun of it' ". Why is Kong Yiji "not very understanding"?

This problem involves comparison before and after. If you say "not very clear" here, the front is naturally "very clear". Find out problems, discuss and communicate. Conclusion: Idealists can't support their ideals with actions and then perform absurd plays. His leg is broken, his ideal is shattered, he no longer insists, and his death is not far away.

Thirdly, the article tells the story of Kong Yiji from the perspective of "I". What would Kong Yiji do if he were asked to tell his own story? Please retell Kong Yiji's story from Kong Yiji's perspective, and you can add or delete some plots.

4. Do you think it is better to tell the story of Kong Yiji from the angle of "I" or Kong Yiji from the angle of Kong Yiji himself? Please put forward your opinion and talk about your reasons.

These two questions are one question, the third question is practice, and the fourth question is theoretical generalization. This is mainly a question of narrative perspective. The first person is true, the second person is kind and the third person is objective. Generally speaking, it can be understood this way. From the perspective of "I", it is the first person; From Kong Yiji's own point of view, he is also the first person, so what's the difference between being the first person? "I" may be objective in reality, and it is Kong Yiji in the eyes of spectators; Kong Yiji himself may have true feelings, which is an analysis of Kong Yiji's self-nature. So what kind of perspective is good? It's not important, it's important to think about this problem.

Attached (from the Internet, titled "Kong Yiji's First Person Narrative Perspective"):

When it comes to Kong Yiji, people's minds will immediately see a poor but penniless feudal intellectual full of "what is it?" . Mr. Lu Xun vividly portrayed such a pedantic intellectual with a few strokes, while the image of Kong Yiji, which is deeply rooted in people's hearts, was presented to readers through a little boy with few "scenes". We can't help asking, why did Lu Xun choose such a character as the clue of the whole article, and why did he look at the people around him with a boy's eyes?

Before answering this question, let's take a look at Kong Yiji's position in Lu Xun's eyes. Xiao Hong, a female writer, once asked Lu Xun, "Which work does Mr. Rainbow like best?" Mr. Wang answered "Kong Yiji". Lu Xun is compiling China New Literature Department? In the second collection of novels, Kong Yiji and other novels "expressed the achievements of the' literary revolution', which was considered as' profound expression and special format' at that time, which quite excited some young readers". 1 among Lu Xun's many works, why do you only prefer Kong Yiji? With such questions, let's re-read and understand the people of that era. "The key to vision is the uniqueness of perspective" 2. The narrative perspective of this paper is a boy of 12 years old, who narrates in the first person "I" tone. What's strange about this design? Let's follow the waiter to Xianheng Hotel. At the beginning, the article introduced us to the background and layout of the hotel, as well as the strict grading of the people who drink in the future. Then, I wrote down my experience of coming here. I look stupid and clumsy, and I can only do "a boring job specializing in warm wine" At that time, "the shopkeeper looked at lost face, and the customers were not angry, which made people lively; Only Kong Yiji can still laugh when he arrives at the store, so I remember. " . We can see that the "little buddy", that is, the narrator "I", remembers Kong Yiji and what happened 20 years ago because Kong Yiji brought us "happiness". Because I was in a humble position 20 years ago, there was an element of expectation for Kong Yiji in my mind at that time, because I could get a spiritual comfort from people's pastimes in Kong Yiji, and I didn't even meet Kong Yiji in a cold narrative tone. Not 20 years ago, not now. Twenty years ago, the young "I" laughed at Kong Yiji with others and took Kong Yiji as the object of our jokes and ridicule. On the one hand, the "short coat gang", "me" and "Kong Yiji" are all poor people at the bottom, but in such an environment, Kong Yiji still lives at the bottom. For example, "I", a waiter despised by the shopkeeper, was left helpless just because of "the great feelings of recommending the head" and looked at Kong Yiji with contemptuous eyes, such as "I think, are beggars like me?" It can be seen that when I was young, I was assimilated and infected by the strict feudal hierarchy and the indifferent people around me, and became as numb and cold as the "short coat gang" without any feelings. A 12-year-old child has long been deeply aware of the rules of the game in that deformed society: deference to "customers who are good at dancing with long sleeves" may not bring satisfactory results, while deception to "short sleeves" may be achieved, and people like Kong Yiji may be unscrupulously ridiculed. "I" agreed with such a feudal hierarchy and such a social order, and did not raise any questions. At this time, at the age of twelve, I am no longer a simple "good-natured" child. It can be seen from the "little buddy" that "this man-eating feudal ethics" really doesn't even let go of a child. You can see the benefits of this writing here. On the one hand, as a narrator, I tell Kong Yiji's experiences and stories. On the other hand, I am also an observed person, and I once again spy out the morbidness and numbness of that society from my numbness and indifference. This "I" is not only a bystander, but also a participant in the event, an observer of society and a person observed by others through it. After all, isn't the degeneration and numbness of a twelve-year-old child more telling than any fact?

This first-person narrative method is "entrusting the narrative to a fictional character, who narrates in the first person himself". But why is such a fictional person a little guy? Why not "The Boss", "The Jacket Gang" and "Kong Yiji"? Because "any one of them is a single independent perspective", they all have their own limitations. The advantage of being a "small partner" is that he can use his position to get close to anyone the author wants him to get close to and spy out their psychological world and mental outlook, thus reflecting the psychological state of people from all walks of life at that time in an all-round and multi-angle way, and it is more natural. For example, although "I" is a little boy despised by "the shopkeeper", it is also the closest person to the shopkeeper in the text. Therefore, it is possible for me to easily understand the inside story of the hotel's "water shortage" and the difference between it and "short coat gang" and "long coat guest", and truly and objectively show readers the face of a mercenary profiteer. If such content is described by "short coat gang" or "long coat guest", then from their perspective, it must be one-sided and emotional. At this time, only this "little buddy" who has no interest with anyone will make people feel true and credible. On the other hand, it is precisely because of my professional convenience that I can know exactly that "at the end of the year, the shopkeeper took off his pink board and said,' Kong Yiji still owes nineteen dollars'" and "The following year's Dragon Boat Festival, he said" truly reflected the shopkeeper's mentality of caring only about money and being indifferent to Kong Yiji's life and death. It is because of my special status that I can clearly know the specific details of Kong Yiji's teasing every time, which makes people feel more real. Therefore, in this first-person narrative, "there are many narrators in the works who know the secondary characters or bystanders in the story, so this narrative is often objective." "4" also reflects "the depravity of the upper class and the misfortune of the lower class". five

Lu Xun's sharp brushwork and unique perspective truly show us that the beating of Ding, a cruel "man-eating" society, is only the fuse of Kong Yiji's death, and people's numbness and indifference are the real cause of Kong Yiji's death.

1 "Two episodes of Jiejiege essays? Preface to Two Novels of China New Literature Department

2 Feng Jicai's Lu Xun's Merits and Losses and Harvest, No.2, 2000.

3 George? On Du Yamei's Novels, On French Writers' Literature, p. 106.

4' Literary Theory Course' Page 252 Tong Qingbing, editor-in-chief of Higher Education Press

5 "Excerpts from the series? Preface of short stories in English

5. Now, is there still "Kong Yiji"?

Let Kong Yiji come into reality. In fact, who's dream has never had a "Kong Yiji" moment on the road? The master juren in the original text is, to some extent, the degenerate form of successful Kong Yiji; To some extent, the sages and ministers in our history are positive forms of successful Kong Yiji. What should we do when the ideal conflicts with reality? What did Kong Yiji do? To some extent, Kong Yiji is an idealist who tries to reconcile with reality. He is eager to maintain his dignity. He never owes money for drinks. He stood up and drank in his robe. In fact, he has tried his best to keep his ideal. He always appears in pubs, he makes himself appear in the crowd, he is eager to be integrated with others, and he is trying to reconcile with reality. What about us? We have our own dreams, we hope that our dreams can come true, and we hope that we can be accepted by everyone. What if it is not accepted by everyone? In the era of Kong Yiji, in the era of monism, not being accepted means death; Now, things are different. This is a diversified world with different values and lifestyles. Stick to yourself, stick to the person who works hard for his dream, and always find his own kind. I firmly believe that.