I also want to know some information about Lu Xun.

Lu Xun's youth height 1, 6 1cm. He was an important writer in China in the 20th century, a leader of the New Culture Movement, a supporter and disseminator of the left-wing cultural movement, and a pioneer of modern literature in China. People's Republic of China (PRC) was rated as a modern writer, thinker, revolutionary and democratic fighter. Lu Xun's works, including essays, short stories, reviews, essays and translations, have had a far-reaching impact on China literature after the May 4th Movement, and are known as the leaders of the cultural revolutions in soul of china and China. Born in a poor feudal family. Youth was influenced by the theory of evolution, Nietzsche's superman philosophy, Tolstoy and the philanthropic thought of sixteen nights. 1902 went to Japan to study medicine. He first studied medicine at Sendai Medical College. After returning home, he saw the situation in China at that time, abandoned medicine and followed literature, and tried to change the national spirit with literature and art. From 1905 to 1907, he participated in revolutionary activities and published papers such as Moro Poetry and Cultural Bias. During this period, I was ordered by my mother to return to China to get married, and my wife Zhu An. 1909 Co-translated the Collection of Foreign Novels with his brother Zhou Zuoren to introduce foreign literature.

He returned to China in the same year and taught in Hangzhou and Shaoxing. After the Revolution of 1911, he served as a member of the Nanjing Provisional Government and the Ministry of Education of Beijing Government, and taught in Peking University and Women's Normal University. 19 18 in may, the diary of a madman, the first vernacular novel in the history of modern literature in China, was published for the first time under the pseudonym of Lu Xun, which laid the foundation stone of the new literature movement. He participated in the work of New Youth magazine around the May 4th Movement and became the leader of the May 4th New Culture Movement. From 19 18 to 1926, he successively created and published novels, vagrancy, essays, graves, essays, poems, weeds, essays, hot air, canopy and the continuation of canopy. Among them, the novella The True Story of Ah Q published in 192 1 February became an immortal masterpiece in the history of literature. 1in August, 926, he was wanted by the Beiyang warlord government for supporting the patriotic movement of Beijing students, and served as the head of the Chinese Department of Xiamen University. 1927 1 month, went to Guangzhou, the revolutionary center at that time, and served as the academic director of Sun Yat-sen University. 1927 10 arrived in Shanghai and began to live with his student Xu Guangping. 1928 and Xu Guangping became husband and wife. 1929, son Zhou Haiying was born. Since 1930, he has successively joined the China Freedom Movement League.

1In August, 934, he wrote in the article "Chinese Characters and Latinization": "Yes, Chinese characters are handed down from generation to generation, but our ancestors are older than Chinese characters, so we are even more handed down from generation to generation. Sacrifice us for Chinese characters or sacrifice Chinese characters for us? This is something that can be answered immediately as long as there are no crazy people. "

In 65438+February of the same year, he further said in the article "On New Characters": "Chinese characters are really the sharp weapon of ignorant policies ... Chinese characters are also a tuberculosis of the working people in China, and germs lurk in them. If we don't get rid of them first, they will only die. " [3]

The League of Chinese Left-wing Writers and the League for the Protection of Civil Rights in China resisted the dictatorship and political persecution of the Kuomintang government. From 1927 to 1936, he created most of the works and a large number of essays in the Collection of Historical Novels, which were included in Ji You, Sanxian, Erxin, Mobilizing from the South to the North, Pseudo-Free Book, Quasi-Romantic Talk and Lace.

Lu Xun Lu Xun's life has made great contributions to China's cultural undertakings: he led and supported literary groups such as the "unnamed society" and the "Chaohua society"; Editor-in-chief of literary periodicals such as National New Newspaper Supplement [B], Mangyuan, Yusi, Running, Germination and Translation; Enthusiastic care and active cultivation of young authors; Vigorously translate foreign progressive literary works and introduce famous paintings and woodcuts at home and abroad; Collect, study and sort out a large number of classical documents, compile A Brief History of Chinese Fiction, Outline of China Literature History, sort out Ji, compile Miscellaneous Notes on Old Books in Huiji County, Gougu Novels, Legends of Tang and Song Dynasties, Notes on Old Novels and so on.

19361June19 Shanghai died of tuberculosis, and tens of thousands of people in Shanghai spontaneously held public sacrifices and funerals and were buried in Hongqiao International Cemetery [4]. 1956, Lu Xun's body was buried in Hongkou Park, and Mao Zedong wrote an inscription for the reconstructed Lu Xun's tomb. Complete Works of Lu Xun (20 volumes) 1938 published. After the founding of New China, the translated works of Lu Xun have been compiled into Complete Works of Lu Xun (ten volumes), Translated Works of Lu Xun (ten volumes), Diary of Lu Xun (two volumes) and Letters from Lu Xun, and various ancient books edited by Lu Xun have also been reprinted. 198 1 year, The Complete Works of Lu Xun (16) was published. Luxun Museum and Memorial Hall have been established in Beijing, Shanghai, Shaoxing, Guangzhou and Xiamen. Dozens of novels, essays, poems and essays by Lu Xun were selected into Chinese textbooks for primary and secondary schools. The novels Blessing, The True Story of Ah Q and Medicine were adapted into movies.

Mr. Lu Xun cherishes time very much. He said; There is no genius. I just spend all other people's coffee time at work. And; Time is life, wasting other people's time for no reason is actually tantamount to killing people for money. [5]

Fold and edit the life experience of this paragraph

Fold the student days and before.

When Lu Xun was young, Lu Xun and Zhou Enlai had a common ancestor. His ancestor was Zhou Dunyi, the founder of Neo-Confucianism in the Northern Song Dynasty. Father Zhou Boyi is a scholar and mother Lu Rui.

1892, 1 1 years old, she studied in San Tan Yin Yue, a private school run by Shou in his hometown of Shaoxing.

1898, he left his hometown of San Tan Yin Yue at the age of 17, and entered the Jiangnan Naval Academy in Jinling, renamed Zhou Shuren.

1899 Transferred to Mining Road School affiliated to Jiangnan Lushi School, and forged a friendship with Chen Hengfei.

190 1 year.

1893 (19th year of Guangxu), my grandfather Zhou Fuqing came back and was dismissed from office for cheating in the imperial examination, while the Lu Xun brothers were placed in the home of his uncle Huangfuzhuang, who was more than 30 miles away from the city. Zhou Fuqing was sentenced to eight years in prison, so the Zhou family spent a lot of money every year to keep Zhou Fuqing alive. At the same time, his father zhou bo, the Herbal Garden, the Xianheng Hotel and the countryside around his grandmother's house became Lu Xun's two collections of novels, Scream, Hesitation and Essays, which had a far-reaching influence on Lu Xun.

Lu Xun and Zhou Zuoren have serious doubts about Chinese medicine. He was the first international student in Northeastern University and the only China international student in Sendai at that time. In Sendai, anatomy teacher Fujino Genkuro had the greatest influence on Lu Xun. In Zhou Zuoren's Youth of Lu Xun and Xu Shoushang's Impression of Lu Xun, both of them have quoted Lu Xun's academic achievements published by Xiao Lin Maoxiong, MD, a medical college classmate of Lu Xun:

Anatomy 59.3 points;

Histological score was 73.7;

Physiology 63.3 points;

83 points in ethics;

60 points in chemistry;

60 points in German;

60 points in physics.

During Lu Xun's stay in Japan, it can be seen that what Lu Xun did best in the exam was ethics belonging to social science. The results of natural science and medical subjects are relatively average, except for the anatomy subject held by Fujino. The total score is like Lu Xun's self-report in "Mr. Fujino": "In 100 students, I am in the middle, but I am not behind." Some students in this class think it is "the topic of last year's anatomy experiment, which was marked on Mr. Fujino's handout. I knew it in advance, so I can have such a result." 1994, Watanabe found that the score was miscalculated: physiology scored 60 points last semester and 75 points next semester, with an average of 65 points in a single academic year, not 63.3 points, with a total of 65.8 points in the academic year and an average of 83 points in ethics.

Lu Xun later wrote Mr. Fujino, and attached great importance to this work. 1935, Iwabo Bookstore in Japan wanted to translate the Selected Works of Lu Xun into Japanese. He asked his students who edited the Selected Works to add field intervention: "I don't think there are any articles to put in. There is only the article "Mr. Fujino", please translate and supplement it. " Behind Lu Xun, Fujino also published the article "Remembering Zhou Shuren Jun", recalling Lu Xun's study abroad life.

After studying in medical school for a year, Lu Xun dropped out of school. He himself mentioned it in the article "Mr. Fujino", claiming that he was arrested and shot by the Japanese because of a documentary about the Russo-Japanese War in which the Japanese were detectives for the Russians. He likes the stimulation of the Japanese on the spot, and thinks that "the first thing to save the country and the people is to save the heart", so he gave up medicine and devoted himself to literature, hoping to use literature to transform the "national inferiority" of the Japanese. According to Nagata Keisuke's monograph "Qiu Jin: A Biography of a Woman Warrior", before returning to China in 1905, Qiu Jin denounced Lu Xun, Xu Shoushang and others who opposed returning to China at a memorial service in Chen Tianhua, and pulled out a Japanese knife he carried with him and rapped out: "Surrender to Manchuria, sell friends for glory. Bully the Han people and eat me. "

1March, 906, your mother ordered her to return to China to marry Zhu An. This autumn, Lu Xun and his second brother Zhou Zuoren went to Japan to study literature and art in Tokyo.

1907, planned to start a new life magazine, but failed due to financial problems. 1908 studied under Zhang Taiyan, joined the Guangfu Association (Zhou Zuoren thought he didn't), and translated some short stories of Eastern Europe and Russia with his second brother Zhou Zuoren, which is a famous collection of foreign novels, but the sales volume is average.

Entrusted Osamu Dazai to write a novel "Farewell" describing Lu Xun's study abroad, which was published in 1945.

Lu Xun was deeply influenced by the theory of evolution and loved reading original books, especially translated novels. His school days and previous experiences became the main source of materials for his book Flowers in the Morning.

Go back to work

Lu Xun (second from right) 1909, 28-year-old Lu Xun returned from Japan, and served as a teacher of physiology and chemistry in Zhejiang Normal School (now Hangzhou Senior High School), a teacher and supervisor in Shaoxing Middle School, and the president of Shaoxing Normal School (now Shaoxing University of Arts and Sciences). 19 1 1 wrote his first novel homesickness (in classical Chinese).

19 12 years, 3 1 year-old Lu Xun was invited by Cai Yuanpei to work in the Ministry of Education of the Republic of China. After Yuan Shikai became president, he moved to Beijing with the government and served as the head of the Social Education Department 1 Section of the Ministry of Education. At this time, he experienced a period of depressed thoughts, was disappointed with social reform, was fascinated by the collection and research of inscriptions, and edited Xie Cheng's Hou and Ji. Influenced by money, she rejoined the New Culture Movement and became a professor at Beijing Women's Teachers College and a part-time lecturer in Peking University. (Note: Lu Xun was a part-time lecturer at Peking University at that time, not an employee of Peking University. Because at that time, President Cai Yuanpei decided to take a post at Peking University, and Lu Xun was a data scribe of the Ministry of Education. People who write the history of Peking University often make mistakes here and regard Lu Xun as an employee of Peking University. )

19 18, 37-year-old Zhou Shuren first published the diary of a madman, the first short vernacular novel written in modern style in the history of modern literature in China, under the pseudonym of "Lu Xun" in China New Youth magazine. 192 1 65438+February, he also vividly created the image of Ah Q and published the novella The True Story of Ah Q. From 65438 to 0924, Lu Xun, Zhou Zuoren, Qian, Lin Yutang and others founded a weekly magazine, Yu Si.

1924, Nobel Prize in Literature-winning Indian poet Tagore visited the Forbidden City, and Beijing arranged for Lu Xun to meet with Tagore and take a group photo. At that time, the domestic evaluation of Tagore's visit to China tended to be polarized, and Lu Xun evaluated it as "making a bottle of perfume".

Lu Xun * * * 14 was appointed as a civil servant of the Republic of China, with the rank recommended, the Ministry of Education as the organ and the Ministry of Social Education as the unit (the director is Xia Cengyou), and served as the director and assistant director of 1, and Dr. Xuan. The main achievements are as follows: as the representative of the Ministry of Education of the National Language Unification Association, he coordinated the formulation of phonetic symbols (with Ma Yuzao, Zhu Xizu, Xu Shoushang and Qian Daosun, he proposed and wrote "Unified pronunciation, but improved anti-tangent, so two-syllable simplified characters are the most suitable"); Cooperate with Qian Daosun and Xu Shoushang to design the national emblem of the Republic of China, and write the Description of the Painting of the National Emblem of the State Council (see Complete Works of Lu Xun, 2005 edition); And designed the school emblem of Peking University at that time, which was the artistic font of the word "Peking University"; In charge of library and information service: in charge of Shi Jing Library (later Beijing Library, now National Library of China), etc. Until he was dismissed by Zhang, then Minister of Education. Therefore, Lu Xun filed an administrative lawsuit with the Zheng Ping Society of the Republic of China and won the case. He can be reinstated according to law, but he chose to leave the government system. Yi Peiji, a good friend, signed an order to reinstate Zhou Shuren, who is also the president of Beijing Women's Normal University. 1926 after the March 18th tragedy broke out, Yi Peiji and others were wanted by Duan, the temporary ruling party of the Republic of China (note: Lu Xun was not wanted). During the restructuring of Cai Yuanpei's Ministry of Education into a college, Lu Xun was hired by Cai Yuanpei as a "special writer" of the college with a monthly salary of 300 yuan. After the college was owned by the Ministry of Education, the salary was renamed as "Ministry of Education Preparation Fee" and still paid monthly. From 65438 to 0932, Lu Xun no longer served as a "special compiler" of the Ministry of Education.

Folding in Xiamen and Guangzhou

1In August, 926, Lu Xun was wanted by the Beiyang government for supporting the patriotic movement of Beijing students and protesting the March 18th massacre (note: Lu Xun was not wanted, and there was something wrong with "just gathering and dispersing" [source request]), so he went to Xiamen University as a professor of liberal arts. A few months later, 1927+65438, 46-year-old Lu Xun left Xiamen. 19 arrived in Guangzhou on June 8, and accompanied by Sun Fuyuan and Xu Guangping, he moved to Sun Yat-sen University in the morning to live with his 29-year-old student Xu Guangping. At that time, Zhu Jiahua, president of Sun Yat-sen University, invited Lu Xun to the school. Lu Xun's diary: 65438+1October 26th, "Let's go to the evening for dinner first"; /kloc-February (New Year's Eve), Xiang Gong invited Lu Xun to dinner in the evening. Soon after, Gu Jiegang was hired to come to school. Only six years after graduating from Peking University, Gu became a research professor. Lu Xun was not convinced, claiming that he would leave as long as he came. On February 18 and 19, he went to Hong Kong to give two speeches, Silent China and Old Tune Has Been Singing, in the YMCA Auditorium in Sheung Wan.

Folding old people in Shanghai

Lu Xun 1927 10, Lu Xun resigned from Sun Yat-sen University and came to Shanghai. /kloc-for 0/0 years, he has been living in the cross-border road-building area in the northern part of the Shanghai Concession (the so-called "semi-concession" refers to Lu Xun Park in the northern part of Hongkou District today), where there is a special political environment to protect his writing and many of his Japanese friends from persecution. 1930, successively joined China Freedom Movement League, Left-wing Writers League and China Civil Rights Protection League. However, there are many ideological conflicts between Lu Xun and the leaders of the Left League, so some people think that he is a freelance writer. From 1927 to 1936, Lu Xun created many unforgettable essays and a large number of ideological essays to translate and introduce foreign progressive literary works.

During his stay in Shanghai, Lu Xun had contacts with Soong Ching Ling and Chen Geng. There is a contradiction between the literary group hosted by Lu Xun and the literary group hosted by Guo Moruo and Yu Dafu. Lu Xun trained young people to reward literature, including Rou Shi, Bai Mang, Xiao Jun and Xiao Hong. And Zhang Chunqiao, whose alias is Dick, had a quarrel. Starting from 193 1, Lu Xun vigorously advocated woodcut prints, and began the history of China prints. 1933, Lu Xun wrote "In Memory of Forgetting" in memory of five members of the "Left-wing League" killed by the Kuomintang, including Rou Shi and Hu Yepin. Li Zeng, China's propaganda minister, wrote to Lu Xun, hoping that he could scold Chiang Kai-shek by his real name. Lu Xun refused to say, "the article is easy to write ... but you can't live in Shanghai." 1936 65438+1October19 Lu Xun died of tuberculosis in Shanghai at the age of 55. The news of his death attracted the attention of China. Tens of thousands of people spontaneously held an unprecedented grand funeral for him as a literary figure, and representatives of the people covered his coffin with a white flag with the words "soul of china", which caused a sensation. For the first time, there were *** 12 coffin bearers who were divided into two rows. The first two are Ba Jin and Lu Digen, followed by Hu Feng and Bai Cao. Huang Yuan, Zhang Tianyi; Jin Yi, Yao Ke; Zhou Wen Wu langxi; Xiao Jun (Tian Jun), Li Liewen. Buried in Shanghai Hongqiao International Cemetery. From 65438 to 0956, Lu Xun's tomb was relocated in Hongkou Park, Shanghai.

There are seven articles in Lu Xun's will. The first few articles explain that the funeral should be simple. The fifth article tells Zhou Haiying, a young child, "If you have no talent, you can live a small life and never be a short writer or artist". The sixth article is not to take what others promised seriously. The last article is not to get close to people who "hurt others' teeth, but oppose revenge and advocate tolerance". "

There are also some controversies about the death of Lu Xun. Zhou Haiying, Lu Xun's son, once wrote an article suspecting that his trusted Japanese doctor Sudo 530 had deliberately misdiagnosed him, which led to his premature death without normal treatment. It was later confirmed that Lu Xun's real cause of death should be severe pneumothorax induced by tuberculosis and emphysema. After Mr. Lu Xun's death, many people came to visit him, including students and workers ..... Lu Xun fought with a pen all his life and was known as the' soul of china'. Mao Zedong called him the greatest writer, thinker and revolutionary, and the commander-in-chief of China's Cultural Revolution.

Fold and edit the main works of this paragraph

Lu Xun's works have a wide range of themes, diverse and flexible forms, distinctive and unique styles and humorous language. During his 55-year life, his genre of works involves novels, essays, essays, poems and so on. The Complete Works of Lu Xun has 20 volumes, with more than ten thousand words of 10 handed down from generation to generation. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, many of his works were selected into Chinese textbooks for primary and secondary schools, which had a far-reaching impact on the language and literature of New China.

Folding novel

"Diary of a Madman" Lu Xun started with novel creation. 19 18 The Diary of a Madman, published in New Youth magazine, is the pioneering work of China's modern vernacular novels and has far-reaching influence. Later, Lu Xun published several short stories in succession, and later compiled two short story collections, Scream and Wandering, which were published in 1923 and 1926 respectively. With the change of social situation, Lu Xun gradually gave up his planned novel creation and turned to essay writing. Lu Xun's later novels were accepted as New Stories. Lu Xun's novels are few in number, but of great significance, with many famous works. His early novels often have no bizarre twists and turns, but focus on the life of the bottom people in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, pay attention to the description of details, and can vividly depict characters and explore subtle psychological changes bit by bit. It mainly shows the numbness and ignorance of the bottom people and the hardships of life. "My materials are mostly taken from the unfortunate people in the sick society, which is intended to expose the suffering of the disease and attract the attention of treatment." The later works use historical allusions to map real life, with calm and rich style and free and easy humor, which is quite different from the previous works.

Representative works include The True Story of Ah Q, Blessing, Kong Yiji, Hometown and so on. The protagonists of the novel, Ah Q, Sister Xianglin, Kong Yiji and Runtu, are well known to women and children in Chinese mainland. It is generally believed that the work representing Lu Xun's highest literary achievement is a collection of prose poems, Weeds.

Lu Xun 1933 "Forgotten Memorial (Manuscript)" written in memory of "Five Martyrs of the Left-wing League"

The work "Social Drama" was selected as the second volume of People's Education Edition and the first semester text of Su Education Edition; "Young Runtu" was selected as the primary school textbook of People's Education Publishing House.

Folding essay

Lu Xun created a flexible essay form based on theory and carried it forward. His prose is numerous, with a wide range of subjects, vivid images, sharp arguments and changeable writing style. Mao Zedong called them "daggers" and "throwing guns" (daggers and throwing guns originated from the "essay crisis" in Lu Xun's Ji Nan Qu and Bei Qu), which profoundly revealed all aspects of China society at that time. Representative works include Two Hearts, Gai Hua Collection, Continued Coverage Collection, Hot Wind, Sanxian Collection, etc.