What are the short answers about the nature of the planned work?

The nature of planning work can be summarized into five main aspects, namely, purpose, priority, universality, efficiency and innovation.

1, use

Each plan and its derivative plans are designed to promote the overall goals of enterprises or various groups and the realization of goals in a certain period. Planning is the main functional activity that can clearly show the basic characteristics of management.

2. Excellence

Compared with other management functions, planning is the first. The reason why planning work is put in the first place is not only because it takes precedence over other management functions from the perspective of management process, but also because planning work is the only management function put into practice in some occasions. The planner's results may lead to a decision that there is no need for subsequent organization, leadership and control.

For example, a study on whether to build a new factory, if the conclusion is that the new factory is not economical, then there is no preparation, organization, leadership and control of a new problem.

3. General

Although the characteristics and scope of planning work vary with the authority of supervisors at all levels, it is a function of supervisors at all levels. All supervisors, whether general managers or team leaders, should be engaged in planning work. It is often said that the main task of a supervisor is decision-making, and decision-making itself is the core of planning work.

If the decision-making power of supervisors is too strict, it will bind their hands and feet and make them unable to deal with the problems that should be handled by them freely. Over time, they will lose the function and responsibility of planning their work and form the habit of relying on their superiors. In this way, they also lost the basic characteristics of supervisors.

4. Efficiency

The task of planning work is not only to ensure the realization of the goal, but also to choose the best resource allocation scheme from many schemes in order to make rational use of resources and improve efficiency. Expressed in popular language, it means both "doing the right thing" and "doing the right thing". Obviously, the task of planning is consistent with the goal pursued by economics.

5. Creativity

Planning is always a creative management process, which is based on new problems to be solved, possible new changes and new opportunities. Planning is somewhat similar to the design of a product or project. It is the design of management activities. Just as the success of a new product lies in innovation, a successful plan also depends on innovation.

Extended data

The procedures of any planned work, that is, the work steps, are similar, including the following contents in turn: evaluating opportunities; Set goals; Determine the preconditions for the planned work; Draw up an alternative plan; Comment on various options; Select the scheme; Make auxiliary plans; Digitize the plan through budget.

(1) Evaluate the opportunity. Opportunity assessment should be carried out before the actual planning work begins. Although it is not a part of the plan, it is the real starting point of the planning work.

Its contents include: make a preliminary analysis of the possible changes and predicted opportunities in the future, form a judgment, and find your position according to your own strengths and weaknesses; Know your ability to take advantage of opportunities; The main uncertain factors are given, and their possibility and influence degree are analyzed; On the basis of repeated consideration, we are determined to foster strengths and avoid weaknesses.

(2) determine the goal. The first step of planning work is to determine the planning objectives of the Group and its subordinate units on the basis of evaluating opportunities. In this step, it is necessary to explain the basic principles and objectives to be achieved, explain the tasks of formulating strategies, policies, rules, procedures, planning and budgets, and point out the key points of work.

(3) Determine the preconditions. The second step of planning work is to determine some key pre-planning conditions and make designers understand these conditions. The so-called premise of planning work is the assumption of planners, in other words, the expected environment when planning is implemented. The more detailed and thorough the person in charge of planning is about the planning premise, and if it can be applied consistently, the planning work will be coordinated.

(4) Formulate alternative plans. The third step of planning is to investigate and imagine alternative action plans. Usually, the most conspicuous scheme is not necessarily the best scheme. A little modification and deduction of the past scheme will not get the best scheme. This step needs to be creative.

In addition, the more schemes, the better. Even if we can use mathematical methods and computer means, we should limit the number of candidate schemes in order to focus on the analysis of a few most promising schemes.

(5) Evaluate various alternatives. The fourth step of planning is to weigh various factors according to the premise and objectives, compare the advantages and disadvantages of various schemes and evaluate them. Evaluation is essentially a kind of value judgment. On the one hand, it depends on the standards adopted by the evaluator; On the other hand, it depends on the weight given by the evaluator's various standards.

Obviously, the quality of determining objectives and planning preconditions directly affects the evaluation of the program. In terms of evaluation methods, matrix evaluation method, analytic hierarchy process and multi-objective evaluation method, which are mature in operational research, can be used.

(6) Select the scheme. The fifth step of the planning work is to select the scheme. This is a key step based on the first four steps, and it is also the substantive stage of decision-making-the selection stage. Sometimes you may find two ideal solutions at the same time. In this case, we must decide which scheme to adopt first, and refine and improve the other scheme as a backup scheme.

(7) Drawing up derivative plans. A derivative plan is a sub-plan extracted from the master plan. The master plan should be guaranteed by the birth plan, and the derivative plan is the basis of the master plan.

(8) preparation of the budget. The final step of the plan is to convert the plan into a budget and digitize it. Budget is essentially a resource allocation plan. When the budget work is done well, it can be a tool to summarize and balance various plans, and it can also be an important standard to measure the progress of the plan. The latter point will be discussed in detail in the sixth part of this book.