What are the specification requirements for barrier-free room design?

Brief introduction: design details of floor anti-skid, sanitary equipment, toilet and auxiliary facilities. Barrier-free room, 1 Time sequence of national laws and regulations on barrier-free buildings. Barrier-free buildings are also called buildings convenient for the disabled. It has been nearly 40 years since countries all over the world formulated design specifications for barrier-free buildings. American Standards Institute issued "AmericanStandardSpecifications", and in 1968, the United States issued ArchitecturalBarriersAct (excluding Australia, Belgium, France, Federal Republic of Germany and Italy).

Design details of floor anti-skid, sanitary equipment, toilet and auxiliary facilities in barrier-free rooms.

1 Time sequence of formulating barrier-free building regulations in various countries

Barrier-free buildings are also called buildings convenient for the disabled. With the extensive development of the cause of the disabled in many countries over the years, the design specifications of barrier-free buildings have been developed in countries all over the world for nearly 40 years.

In June, 196 1, 10, American Standards Institute issued "American Standard Specification for Barrier-free Buildings and Facilities for Disabled People". 1968, the United States promulgated the Building Obstacles Act.

1967, the British Standards Institute has formulated the Code of Practice for British Standards (access for the disabled in buildings). 1970, Britain promulgated the Chronic Diseases and Disabled Persons Act.

1972, eight countries including Australia, Belgium, France, the Federal Republic of Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom signed the Architectural Design Considering the Needs of Disabled People.

1974, the United Nations held an "expert meeting on barrier-free design" and made relevant resolutions. 198 1 is the International Year of Disabled Persons.

1982, Japan completed the "Architectural Design Standards Considering the Use of Disabled Persons".

In April, 1984, Taiwan Province province, China, promulgated the Facilities Specification for Public Facilities, Buildings, Activity Places and Facilities for the Disabled.

1989 In September, China Ministry of Construction, Ministry of Civil Affairs and Disabled Persons' Federation promulgated Code for Design of Urban Roads and Buildings Convenient for Disabled Persons (JGJ50? 88) (Trial).

2。 The special points mainly involve the following contents.

(1) Anti-skid materials should be used for ground protection to prevent disabled people from falling and being injured. Another example is to install a door guard on the toilet door to prevent the wheelchair pedal from damaging the door.

(2) The layout is as follows: The toilet is located on the roadside, with convenient access. For example, the installation position and height of sanitary ware should be reasonable, and there should be space on both sides of the toilet for wheelchairs to enter and exit.

(3) When installing handrails around sanitary ware, the handrails should be positioned correctly and connected firmly.

(4) Convenience: For example, the faucet switch can be operated conveniently by foot pedal, long handle and induction.

(5) call for help. For example, there should be a panic button in the toilet.

(6) Description: If the relevant rooms should be clearly marked, in particular, guide plates and guide signs should be set up to facilitate the blind to find them. For another example, a sign (such as "in use") that can reflect the use status of the toilet should be set on the toilet door.

(7) Smooth. For example, the height difference between indoor and outdoor ground in the bathroom shall not be greater than 20mm, which is convenient for disabled people and disabled vehicles to pass smoothly.

(8) The width and other dimensions of the door leaf shall not be less than 0.8m to facilitate the passage of disabled vehicles. There should be one in the toilet.

1.50m× 1.50m wheelchair swing space.

3。 1 Ground anti-skid

Many disabled people have unstable centers of gravity, and the possibility of slipping and injury is higher than that of normal people. Therefore, the anti-skid requirements of the ground are mentioned in the existing specifications. For example, article 3.9. 1 of China's Code for Design of Urban Roads and Buildings Convenient for Disabled People (JGJ50-88) stipulates that the ground of indoor and outdoor roads and ramps should be flat, and the ground should be made of non-slippery and non-loose surface materials. The meaning of anti-skid floor and other anti-skid measures need to be discussed in depth.

The first is the relationship between ground water accumulation and anti-skid. When there is water on the ground, it is obviously easy to slip, especially because the crutch head of the disabled is mostly made of polymer materials such as rubber, and the contact area with the ground is small and has a certain inclination angle, so it is easier to slip when supported on the wet ground. Therefore, the ground should be kept as dry as possible, which requires strengthening the wiping of the ground.

Work, especially the ground in public areas such as walkways, should be cleaned by staff in time. On the other hand, for the bathroom floor, it is impossible to wipe it often because of functional requirements. In order to reduce the water accumulation on the floor (it is generally believed that the more water accumulated, the more unfavorable it is for anti-skid), measures such as increasing floor drain and drainage ditch should be taken to increase the drainage capacity of the floor and ensure that there is no water accumulation on the floor. In particular, in order to facilitate the disabled to enter and leave the bathroom, we should eliminate the height difference between the bathroom and the dressing room, strengthen the drainage of the dressing room, and prevent the water from the bathroom from flowing into the dressing room.

Secondly, the relationship between the appearance of ground materials and anti-skid. Disabled people often have weak legs and unstable center of gravity, and are more likely to fall than normal people. Experience has proved that the appearance of ground materials has obvious influence on the anti-skid psychology of disabled people. Hard and bright ground is easy to cause the nervous psychology of disabled people, affect the coordination of the body, and may lead to loss of balance and fall. Therefore, it is necessary to realize that non-slip floor tiles suitable for ordinary people are not necessarily suitable for disabled people. When choosing a floor material, we should not only consider its friction coefficient, but also comprehensively consider factors such as softness, hardness, elasticity and color, with dark color, no reflection, strong texture and moderate elasticity as appropriate.

Again, what if I slip? Normal people are unlikely to fall in buildings, and the impact after falling is generally small, so it is easy to get up again quickly, so the consequences of falling are less considered in architectural design. For the disabled, it is not easy to fall, and once you fall, the consequences are often very serious, so we should fully consider the consequences of falling. Carpets are suitable for floors in corridors and guest rooms. It is impossible to lay a carpet on the bathroom floor. According to the survey, the Shanghai Disabled People's Activity Center, which is currently under construction, refers to the experience of Japanese architecture, and lays a layer of foam material on the bathroom floor, which has good anti-slip, anti-fall and thermal insulation properties. Considering that disabled people often bathe on the bathroom floor, it is worth learning to lay foam materials with good thermal insulation on the floor, and at the same time, it is necessary to ensure that there is no water on the floor. 3.2 Relevant sanitary equipment

Pedal faucet switch, which can be easily operated by people with upper limb disabilities, is recommended by Japanese code (building safety design for the disabled and the elderly). However, when the pedal switch was used in Beijing International Rehabilitation Center and other buildings built in 1980s, the actual effect was not satisfactory, mainly due to the serious garbage and stains in the pedal switch and its vicinity, high failure rate and easy damage. Therefore, simple foot switches are rarely used at present. The pedal switch newly introduced by Japan INAX Company has been greatly improved: the lower part of the washbasin is closed, only the pedal of the pedal switch is exposed, and the area of the pedal is reduced, only about the size of the front foot, which is easy to clean and not easy to be damaged. The long-handled faucet is simple to operate and reasonable in selection.

The induction faucet produces water when the user's hand approaches the bottom of the faucet, and stops the water after the hand leaves, which is convenient for the disabled to use, but it increases the cost of the automatic control system. Thermostatic faucet can effectively control cold and hot water and keep the outlet water temperature at the temperature set by users. The operation is simple, and it has been gradually popularized. It is very suitable for sanitary equipment that provides hot water for the disabled.

After the water tank of the ordinary toilet flushes, the supplementary water directly enters the water tank, while the top-filled toilet cleverly diverts the upward water flow at the water inlet valve of the water tank, leads it out from the top plate of the water tank through the pipeline, then falls into the concave top plate of the water tank after turning, and flows into the water tank from the small hole of the top plate. After each use and flushing, the toilet can be washed with the pumped water (the washed water enters the water tank again), so it is convenient for users and saves water. Because there is no need to use washbasin after going to the toilet, the overhead toilet can also be set in a small space alone, which can make the layout of the bathroom more flexible. The seat height of the toilet should be close to the height of the wheelchair seat surface, which is beneficial for the disabled to move from the wheelchair to the toilet and for those who have difficulty walking to stand up.

The water tank of the toilet is dew-proof, and the inner wall of the water tank is lined, which makes the inside and outside of the water tank

The water temperature and air temperature are relatively isolated, and the outer wall of the water tank is not easy to condense, which will not bring trouble to the disabled to use the toilet. This toilet with automatic flushing and drying function can help severely disabled people and upper limb disabled people to automatically flush and dry their lower bodies with warm water and warm air after defecation. Attention should be paid to controlling water temperature and air temperature to avoid scalding. The existing specifications do not involve the contents of toilet gaskets. According to the relevant investigation, the damage rate of the toilet gasket for the disabled is high. The reason is that when some people with leg disabilities move from wheelchairs to the toilet, the human body has a falling process, and the impact on the toilet is too great, which damages the gasket of the toilet. Therefore, it is advisable to choose an impact-resistant gasket that is not easy to break.

Urinals are divided into vertical and suspended types. At present, the standard stipulates that the installation height of hanging urinals in residential and public buildings is 600mm from the ground. Considering the convenience of the disabled, the installation height should be appropriately reduced, such as changing from 600mm to 450mm, and setting up a vertical urinal.

The basin of the washbasin should be thin so that the wheelchair armrest can enter the lower space of the washbasin. ? 3.3 Auxiliary facilities

The existing specifications only mention setting safety handrails at appropriate positions around toilet sanitary ware. For example, the handrails around the urinal are arranged as follows: in order to prevent the body from shaking left and right, the left and right handrails can be arranged at the waist height; In order to prevent the body from leaning forward, a front armrest can be set at the chest height. In addition, in the dressing room and shower room, considering the difficulties that disabled people may encounter when changing clothes and taking a shower, handrails should be set at the edges of locker and some shower stations, and the connection between handrails and walls must be firm. The material of handrails is not specified in the specification. Handrails on the market are generally made of stainless steel, which is beneficial to prevent water corrosion. Developed countries also carry out anti-skid treatment on the surface of handrails. On the other hand, considering the injuries caused by people with disabilities accidentally slipping, the materials used to make handrails should be moderate in hardness, elasticity and friction resistance. For a better grip, the handrails should be slightly thinner. The existing specifications do not mention folding chairs against the wall. According to experts from China Disabled Persons' Federation, when people with disabilities change clothes standing, their physical stability will be obviously affected, and they are generally willing to sit and change clothes. In the dressing room of ordinary public toilets, a long chair is placed parallel to the locker. Because public toilets for the disabled need wheelchairs to get in and out, it is not suitable to place long chairs, so folding chairs against the wall can be used instead. The folding chair against the wall is set at the edge of the locker. The folding chair is vertically attached to the wall at ordinary times and is flat when in use. Different from ordinary folding chairs against the wall, the folding chairs for the disabled should not be controlled by springs, but by mechanical rods with stable folding process, so that the folding chairs will not impact users when rotating.

One end of the bathtub should be provided with a platform with the same height and width as the bathtub, with a length of 300~500mm, so as to facilitate the disabled to enter the bathtub from the wheelchair.

For the convenience of the disabled, the specification requires that the height difference between the bathroom floor and the guest room floor should not be greater than 20mm, and relevant experts further suggest canceling the height difference between the bathroom floor and the guest room floor. But this kind of flat land will cause the water in the bathroom to overflow into the guest room. In order to solve this problem, in addition to the conventional measures such as floor drain in the bathroom, a drainage trough can be added on the ground at the junction of the bathroom and the guest room, and a grate can be laid on the upper part. The grate can be as wide as the door, and the gap of the grate should be narrow, so as not to affect the passage of disabled wheels or the touch of disabled crutches.

There are several points to note:

There is a cat's eye in the lower part of the gate.

Low door lock

The bedside is equipped with an emergency call button.

If possible, set the curtain switch button at the bedside.

This bed is shorter than the average bed.

Arc design of furniture with rounded corners.

There are disabled toilets in the lobby of five-star hotels, which can be used for reference.

In the bathroom, in addition to the traditional urinal, the mirror is not vertically hung on the wall, but obliquely hung at a 30-degree angle with the wall, which is convenient for the disabled to look in the mirror.

The doors of all rooms used by the disabled are widened from 78 cm to 85 cm. The person in charge said that because some disabled people use electric wheelchairs, they are wider than ordinary wheelchairs, and this width can facilitate the free entry and exit of electric wheelchairs. The wardrobe in the room is equipped with gas masks, flashlights, etc. In case of danger and special circumstances, disabled people can take it conveniently. At the same time, the bathtub in the bathroom is set low, and it is equipped with a special chair for the bathroom to facilitate the disabled to take a bath. According to reports, Hong Kong and Macao Center is the first barrier-free hotel in Asia.

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