Jingmen Haoran Hotel

Yellow Crane Tower —— Meng Haoran's farewell on his way to Yangzhou

li po

My old friend resigned from the Yellow Crane Tower,

Fireworks fell in Yangzhou in March.

Lonely sails, distant shadows, blue sky,

Only the Yangtze River flows in the sky.

[Notes]

1. Yellow Crane Tower: Yellow Chicken located in Sheshan, Wuchang, Wuhan City, Hubei Province. It is said that there are immortals riding yellow cranes here, so it is called Yellow Crane Tower.

Meng Haoran: Li Bai's friend.

3. one: go.

4. Guangling: namely Yangzhou.

5. Old friend: old friend, here refers to Meng Haoran.

6. Fireworks: refers to gorgeous spring scenery.

7. Everyone: Disappear.

8. just look: just look.

9. Sky: the horizon.

[Brief analysis]

Li Bai is a poet who loves nature and likes to make friends. His book According to a Constant Habit in My Life covers almost the whole of China, leaving many works praising the beauty of nature and friendship. Farewell to Meng Haoran on the Yellow Crane Tower is a famous sentence that has been sung all the time. This poem, written by Li Baiqiang during his tour of Sichuan, describes the poet's infinite attachment to seeing his friends off and the magnificence of his motherland.

The opening sentence of the poem, "An old friend stayed in the Yellow Crane Tower in the West", closely follows the theme and points out the place of farewell and his relationship with the person who was sent away. The word "old friend" illustrates the profound friendship between the two poets. "Yellow Crane Tower" is a world-famous scenic spot, a place where poets hang out and meet, and also a legendary place where immortals ascend to heaven by crane. Now two elegant poets say goodbye here, which is more poetic and romantic. The second sentence, "Fireworks will descend in Yangzhou in March", followed by the first sentence. Write down the time of seeing off and the place where the person who was sent will go. "Yangzhou" is a metropolis in the southeast, which has been prosperous since ancient times. "March" is a season of beautiful spring and blooming flowers. The poet decorated "March" with "fireworks", which not only vividly wrote the gorgeous face of Yangchun, but also reminded people of the prosperous and peaceful scene of Yangzhou with flowers and embroidered curtains. The place where Meng Haoran is going is really a good place and the time is right. Li Bai naturally envies his friend's trip very much. The beautiful and vivid poem "Fireworks in March in Yangzhou" expresses the poet's inner happiness and yearning. However, Li Bai is also an emotional poet. When a friend sails, the feeling of parting arises spontaneously. From Li Taibai's poems, we can see that there are many poems between Li Bai and Meng Haoran. In a letter to Meng Haoran, Li Bai wrote: "Master, I sincerely salute you. Your reputation has risen to the sky. In the rosy youth, you gave up the importance of hats and chariots and chose pine trees and clouds; Now, whitehead. " It can be seen how much Li Bai admires Meng Haoran and how deep their friendship is.

The third and fourth sentences of the poem are exactly the farewell feelings of Li Bai when he bid farewell to his poetry friends. "Lonely sails sail in the blue sky, and only the Yangtze River flows in the sky." On the surface, these two poems are all about scenery, but in fact they have distinct poet images. "Lonely Sail" does not mean that there is only one sailboat on the vast Yangtze River, but that all the poet's attention and feelings are focused on the sailboat that his friends are riding. The poet saw off at the edge of the Yellow Crane Tower, watching his friend's boat hang sail, drifting away, getting smaller and smaller, getting blurred, leaving only a little shadow, and finally disappearing at the junction of water and sky, while the poet still stood for a long time, watching the river flow to the sky, as if entrusting his affection to the river, accompanying the accompanying boat and sending his friend to his destination. What a profound friendship these two poems express, but the word "friendship" can't be found in them. The poet skillfully pinned his deep affection for parting on the dynamic description of natural scenery, and completely integrated his feelings with the scenery, which really made him memorable.

In addition, in the rhyme of poetry, the poet also ingeniously chose the melodious rhyme of the three tones of "Lou", "Zhou" and "Liu", and recited it in a lingering way. This is very consistent with the distant scene of solitary sails, the river flowing to the sky and the poet's longing and affectionate expression. In addition, the language is beautiful and natural, and the artistic conception is rich and open. This poem really makes people like it more and more. No wonder it has been sung through the ages.

A Qing poet Shen Deqian commented on the artistic features of Li Taibai's seven-character quatrains in Tang Poems: "The seven-character quatrains are close to feelings, and more importantly, they are hidden. Just looking at the prospect, there is an implication in speaking, which makes people stay away from it, too white and awkward. " Li Taibai's four wonders are really unique in poetry.

A gift for Wang Lun.

li po

Li Bai will want to travel by boat,

Suddenly I heard singing on the shore.

Peach Blossom Lake is deep in thousands of feet,

Not as good as Wang Lun.

[Notes]

1. Wang Lun: Li Bai made generous friends in Taohuatan. This poem is dedicated to him.

2. Step on the song: while singing, beat the time with your feet.

3. Taohuatan: The name of the water pool is in the southwest of Jingxian County, Anhui Province.

[Brief analysis]

When Li Bai plays in Taohuatan, Jingxian County, he often visits Wang Lun, a villager. When he left, Wang Lun came to see me off, so Li Bai wrote this poem to leave. This poem expresses Li Bai's deep affection for Wang Lun, an ordinary villager.

The first two narratives: "Li Bai was about to leave by boat when he heard singing on the shore." Li Bai is going to leave by boat. Wang Lun came to see me off with a group of villagers. They walked arm in arm and sang. Considering "desire" and "sudden smell", he wrote the poet's surprise model. "Will and desire" is the time when the ship is ready to go; "Suddenly smell" means unexpected. Maybe Wang Lun gave a farewell dinner last night, which means something can't be delivered the next day. But now he has not only come, but also brought a group of villagers to see him off. Why not make the poet excited! What language is used to express it? The Peach Blossom Pond is nearby, so the poet has a handy hand to compare the depth of the Peach Blossom Pond with Wang Lun's affection for himself. "Peach Blossom Lake is deeper than thousands of feet, not as good as Wang Lun's love for me." Shen Deqian commented in Qing Dynasty: "It is a common saying that Wang Lun's love is better than thousands of feet's. The wonderful scene is just in a transition. " Indeed, the beauty of these two sentences is that the word "less than" connects two unrelated things. Taking thousands of feet Peach Blossom Pool as a reference, it is both vivid and intriguing to turn intangible friendship into tangible. The pool is "deep in thousands of feet", so how deep is Wang Lun's friendship?

Tang Ruxun in the Ming Dynasty said in the Interpretation of Tang Poems: "Lun, the ear of a village, how can it be near white?" It's time to make wine, and it's time to say goodbye to our ancestors. Our feelings are solid and extraordinary. It is too white, unreal and convenient, so it is eternal. "This comment is very appropriate.

Send a friend away

Lipper

To the north of the Great Wall is a blue mountain range, and to the east is a white waterline [1].

Here, you must leave me and drift away for hundreds of miles like loose grass.

Floating clouds are like wanderers, like wandering, and the sunset slowly goes down the mountain, which seems to be nostalgic.

We waved goodbye and my horse kept neighing.

To annotate ...

[1] Guo: Outer city.

[2] Others: Others.

[3] solitary crown; A kind of flying canopy, its roots are broken after withering, and it often flies with the wind. Wan Li levy: Take Wan Li Road.

[4] Rustle: A?vagho?a sound. Ben: respectively.

Make an appreciative comment

This is an affectionate farewell poem. The author expresses the meaning of farewell by describing the farewell environment and rendering the atmosphere.

The first couplet points out the place of farewell. The poet and his friends came to the city side by side and looked up. There was a touch of green hills across the north of the city and a bay of clear water gurgled around the east of the city. This is a scene, but full of emotion. The distant castle peak is out of reach, which leads to a trace of dismay and reveals the poet's helplessness in leaving at present; The flowing water around the city seems to be a symbol of continuous separation and gurgling. This couplet "Qingshan", "Baishui", "Northland" and "Dongcheng" are arranged neatly, and "green" and "white" set each other off, and the whole painting is beautiful. The word "horizontal" is used to write the stillness of the castle peak, and the word "around" is used to write the movement of white water, which is also quite accurate.

The following two sentences are about love. The poet described his friend's wandering life with a lonely canopy, saying: If you leave here, you will float thousands of miles away like loose grass dancing with the wind. These two sentences express the poet's deep concern for his friends, and they are written smoothly and naturally, with sincere feelings.

The tie "I will think of you in the clouds, so think of me in the sunset" shows the broad background of parting: a white cloud is floating away on the horizon, and a red sun is slowly falling to the horizon. At this point, this scene makes people more sad and painful to leave. These two sentences "floating clouds" to "sunset" and "wandering" to "old human feelings" are also neat and to the point. Poets not only write landscapes, but also skillfully use "floating clouds" to compare friends. He is like a floating cloud on the horizon, with uncertain whereabouts and everything. Who knows where he will drift? Infinite concern for natural overflow. And the red sun in the west ended so slowly, and I was reluctant to throw the last light into the white water of Qingshan, as if reluctant to leave abruptly. And this is the symbol of the poet's mood at the moment!

Write the parting scene in the last two sentences. Poets and friends immediately waved goodbye and greeted frequently; The two horses seem to be connected with their master's heart and honk their horns from time to time. Although the poet didn't directly say his feelings of parting, the horse still couldn't bear the bitterness of parting and raised his mane and whined. What a shame!

This poem is written naturally and brightly, with warm feelings. The green mountains, clear water, fiery sunset and white clouds in the poem, together with Ma Changming at work, constitute a vivid picture, full of infinite warmth and touching feelings.

When sending Yuan Er to Anxi

Wang Wei

The morning rain in the Acropolis is light and dusty [1],

The guest rooms are green and willow.

I advise you to drink more wine,

People who leave Xiyangguan for no reason [2].

To annotate ...

[1] hair (easy): wet.

[2] Yangguan: Guanming. In the southwest of Dunhuang City, Gansu Province. It is named because it is located in the south of Yumen Pass.

Make an appreciative comment

Anxi and Anxi both protect the government. Zhi's address is in today's Kuqa County, Xinjiang.

This poem was written as a farewell and then composed by musicians. Its country name is Yangguan, also known as Weicheng. As a farewell song, it is widely circulated.

Our nation has been divided since ancient times. There are countless poems left over from past dynasties to bid farewell. Jiang Yan of the Southern Dynasties wrote a special "Biefu", which he said at the beginning. "Those are ecstasy, but don't." There are also many farewell songs, such as "folding willow" and "small folding willow" in Han Dynasty, "folding willow" in Xianghe Daqu and "folding willow in Mid-Autumn Festival" in Southern Dynasties.

The word "Weicheng" at the beginning of the poem points out the place where the poet bid farewell to Yuan Er. The "guest house" is naturally one of the places in the Acropolis and a specific place for farewell dinner. And said it was a spring morning with a light rain. "Yu Chao" in the first sentence is called spring rain because of the "six-color heart" in the second sentence. This kind of writing is called intertextuality. This can make the language more refined.

Write farewell words. The scenery written by poets often becomes sentient beings. One generation is sad, another generation is crying. This poem is written in the Spring Dynasty, and the words "Xiang light dust" mean that the two are not big, but the land is wet. Then he said, surround the willow trees that have just grown leaves around the guest house. After washing in the spring rain, it looks greener and greener. What is depicted here is a clean air. A prosperous spring morning. This way of writing. The atmosphere of "seeing off" seems to be out of harmony. However. The poet's heart armor has installed a word "no" Although there are good days and scenic spots. I have no intention of staying either. It covers other meanings on scenery and environment in the form of subconscious. This shows that subjective emotion plays a decisive role in a lyric poem.

The key word is "willow color". In ancient times, there was a custom of breaking willows to bid farewell. In the eastern suburb of Chang 'an City in Han Dynasty, there was a river called Bashui, and there was a bridge on the river called Baqiao. People bid farewell to relatives and friends on this bridge and had to break off the willow branches at the bridge head to give them to pedestrians. This is called farewell. From the Han and Wei Dynasties to the Sui and Tang Dynasties, this custom has been inherited to this day. So when the ancients saw the willow, they meant to leave. This different psychological reaction is the result of long-term cultural accumulation. Therefore, as a cultural symbol, one thing is written into the poem, which makes the poem have a very rich emotional meaning. The word "six-color heart" has a double meaning in the poem: it is not only a description of the season and climate, but also a psychological reflection of parting feelings. The word "six-color heart" is a conjunction of the first two sentences and the last two sentences.

The last two sentences directly wrote the feeling of parting, and all the feelings were poured into a glass of "wine". At this time, the host and guests may have a lot to say. As they are about to leave, their mood is complicated, and they don't know where to start at the moment. Therefore, drinking has become the best way to communicate feelings. Parting and drinking are always bitter, unlike reunion after a long separation. But this time, the family is particularly heavy. In the poem, the sentence "I advise you to drink more wine" shows the reluctance of the host and guest. Two people drink, one after another, and the host always feels as if he is not satisfied, and always advises the guests to have another drink. This common feeling is written here, which is particularly simple and profound to read, and closely echoes the fourth sentence "People have no reason to go out of Xiyangguan", which makes this glass of wine have a very heavy weight. That's the heart of an old friend. In the Tang Dynasty, due to the strong national strength and the unprecedented frequency of foreign exchanges, people often "went out to Yang Guan in the west", or went to missions or did business. When you leave Yangguan to the west, you are faced with exotic mountains and rivers, different customs and languages, and you have to set foot in a deserted desert, so you will feel infinite desolation when you leave Yangguan. Friends and relatives who came to bid farewell to Fujian naturally felt the same way. In this poem, Yuaner's mood can't be compared with the feeling of being separated from the motherland. At this time, the love of old friends is more precious than usual. The sentence "there is no reason for people to go out of Yangguan in the west" can be described as an exciting one.

Bai Juyi's poem "Drinking": "Don't refuse to get drunk when you meet, listen to the fourth sound of" Yangguan "." Note: "the fourth sound,' advise you to drink one more glass of wine and go out of Yangguan for no reason'." This shows the touching power of this poem. It is precisely because this poem tells the inner feelings of everyone who has seen off at the customs that it has been strongly sung by many people and has become a widely sung song.

Farewell through Jingmen

Lipper

Sail from Jingmen Ferry, and soon you will be with southerners.

At the end of the mountain range and the beginning of the plain, the river winds through the wilderness.

The moon rises like a mirror, and the sea clouds twinkle like palaces.

The water brings you the feeling of home and makes your boat travel 300 miles.

Li Bai's poem "Farewell to Friends at Jingmen Ferry" has always attracted the attention of the poetic circles, not only because the second couplet is written with extraordinary momentum and majestic atmosphere, but also because the whole poem is full of an unparalleled romantic mood. From beginning to end, it gives people a thrilling aesthetic enjoyment, without the usual sadness and sadness of farewell poems. You even read the whole poem, and you don't know who left and who sent it, but the title of the poem clearly says "Farewell"! I only saw "and the water has taken you home and led you three hundred miles" at the end of the poem. So, is the poet Li Bai saying goodbye? Isn't this the swan song of the ages? We take this question to carefully understand the poet's thoughts and techniques when he wrote this poem.

The first couplet "sail to Jingmen ferry, and soon you will be with southerners." The mountain named Jingmen is on the south bank of the Yangtze River in the northwest of Yidu County, Hubei Province. Across the river from Huya Mountain on the north bank, the situation is dangerous, and it has always been called "the throat of Shu and Chu". Chu State and present Hubei belonged to Chu State in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Li Bai wrote this poem when he was young, when he left Sichuan by boat. At this time, Li Bai was only twenty-four years old, which was the first time he left his hometown of Sichuan. The trip to Jingmen is nothing compared with his later life travel, but it is the first time in his life that he has walked so far, and it is also by boat and water, so the journey is particularly long, especially long. At the foot of Jingmen Mountain, the mountains and rivers of his hometown in central Sichuan are no longer in sight. Whether geographically or psychologically, he feels that he is far away from his hometown. So the first two words of this poem are "crossing the distance". He felt that he had come to a completely strange place with his hometown. From Shu to Chu, psychologically, he regarded Jingmen Mountain as the last symbol of his hometown. After crossing this mountain, I left my hometown, so it is called. These five words and two groups of words in the first sentence really show that although Li Bai's poems are full of lofty sentiments, once he writes metrical poems, he also pays great attention to the use of words and meter.

The second couplet began to describe the mountains and rivers of Chu, "The mountains stop at the primitive, and the rivers meander in the wilderness." The great river flows to Jingmen Mountain, and the terrain is gradually gentle, and the horizon is broadened. It is a vast and boundless Yuan Ye. Li Baigang came out of the Three Gorges, which is sandwiched between the mountains on both sides of the river. With the river boat moving eastward, the mountains in the middle of Shu behind him have gone further and further. In front of us is the endless Jianghan Plain. The Yangtze River pours down from the Three Gorges, with a great drop. At this point, it gradually calmed down and flowed to this vast new world. This couplet is the most famous sentence written by Li Bai about scenery. Generally speaking, Li Bai's famous sentences are full of lofty sentiments, such as "Five flowers and horses, autumn, handing over to the boy for good wine, and I will share a song of eternal regret with you" ("Into the wine"), "Oh, how can I solemnly bow and scrape to the dignitaries, and no one will suffer a loss to see the truth" ("Dreaming of seeing the sky off"), all of which are full of strong personality and yearning. However, this couplet is purely about scenery, which is similar to Du Fu's "Stars from the clearing, the moon running on the river" ("One Night Travel") and quite imposing. It is the most colorful movement in Tang poetry and has been compared by many critics. We know that Li Bai's spiritual world is most easily moved and infected by landscape. When he suddenly faced the "Ye Ping" and "Great Wasteland" in Chu, which were completely different from Bashan and Shushu River he had been familiar with for more than 20 years, he not only opened his eyes, but also felt an invisible tremor and his heart was full of joy. He can't wait to jump up with Dajiang, with a young and romantic heart and a feeling of making contributions. And "River Wind Across the Wilderness" is a long-term vision, with vast chutian and far-reaching realm, which declares that the poet is already looking forward to a brand-new life course when he is about to enter the Chu River. In order to realize his ideal, he can't help but desire to show his talents. In fact, this couplet is not only a landscape painting, but also an outstanding figure with lofty aspirations. Facing a new life and entering a new world, what a true confession!

The third section "The bright moon is like a mirror, the sea clouds are like a palace" is still a landscape painting, but it is a combination of distance and reality. Flying mirror, flying mirror in the sky. According to Sima Qian's statement in Historical Records, the sea tower is a "mirage" and is now called a "mirage". At the foot of Jingmen Mountain, the river flows slowly and night falls. On the calm river, you can see the shadow of a bright moon floating in the waves. The bright moon and the river appear in the pen at the same time, both of which are Li Bai's favorite scenery to enter poetry. For example, on the way out of Sichuan, I wrote a poem "The Moon Song of Emei Mountain", and there is also a poetic description of "Emei Mountain falls on the flat Qiang River in half a month", and the astronomical phenomena and characters are converted and borrowed. For example, in Looking at Lushan Waterfall, it is suspected that the Milky Way has set for nine days. Here, the feeling of the moon shadow in the river is not as straightforward as the Emei Mountain Moon Song, but a bold anthropomorphic association. This night, the moon is not at ease to stay alone in the lonely Guanghan Palace. She descended from the sky to the earth, jumped into the river and floated to the surface, just like a. After Li Bai wrote a soft night scene, he was still unfinished, and with a stroke of his hand, he outlined a gorgeous day with "sea clouds flashing like a palace". After the moon sets, the dawn comes, and the sky is full of colorful clouds, ups and downs and changes. Mirage-like wonders appear from time to time. It can be concluded that Li Bai, who just left Sichuan, has not seen a real mirage at this time, but he boldly used this kind of scenery that only appears in the desert to describe the unpredictable scene between Jingchu and Heaven. Among them, the most important information is that Li Bai's mentality of being suddenly enlightened and eager to try after coming out of the gorge. It is impossible to enjoy the "flying mirror" or "sea building" in the Three Gorges with high mountains and high waters. Now, whether it is night or sunny, you can "look up to the sky", set off the smoothness of the river with the bright moon shadow as a mirror, and set off the vastness of the river with endless cloud towers. This link is up and down, far and near. The joy and cheers of seeing the endless plains are gathered together, and people can appreciate the mystery of nature and the pulse of the poet's youthful vitality. Scenery is lyrical, and things are self-expression. From the four poems about seeing friends off at Jingmen Ferry, can you say that young Li Taibai has become an expert in integrating feelings into the landscape?

The last couplet of the poem is also wonderful, "and the water brings you a feeling of home, rowing your boat for three hundred miles." While Li Ran was immersed in the magical scenery of Jingchu, the silent river outside the ship somehow triggered his homesickness. Li Bai grew up in Shu, and since he was five years old, he has visited the famous mountains in Shu. In his early years, he studied in Daitian Mountain, Jiangyou County, then traveled to Emei and lived in seclusion in Qingcheng. He has deep feelings for every grass and tree in Shu. Now, he left Sichuan by boat, and now he is far from his hometown. It is inevitable that he is reluctant to go, and this nostalgia for his hometown has nowhere to vent. Therefore, looking for food in the river is better than no place. He didn't say that he missed his hometown, but that he was careful with himself and was escorted by Wan Li all the way from his hometown. This seemingly ruthless but affectionate writing makes the whole poem look particularly dignified and subtle at the end. In Selected Poems of Tang and Song Dynasties, Wang Fuzhi said that this kind of connecting sentence "seems foreign in Chinese, but full of thoughts." In today's words, it means endless words. However, until the end of the poem, there is not a word about a friend's "farewell". It seems that this poem is not a farewell to friends, but the poet himself said goodbye to his hometown when he was far away from it. Therefore, Shen Deqian, a poet in A Qing, said in the Collection of Tang Poems that "there is no other meaning in the poem, and the word' don't' in the title can be deleted." Saying goodbye to one's hometown in this way, there is really no one but Li Bai.