What are the artistic features of Huizhou Opera?

Hui opera is good at eclecticism in performing arts. The performance has a large capacity and rich expressive force. It can express all kinds of complicated characters' emotions with various voices and shape stage characters with various performing techniques. His performances have a wide range of themes, including Eight Arrays, Flooding Seven Armies, Long Hudou, Meng Huo's Seven Snatches, etc., as well as life scenes such as kicking the ball, making lights and cursing chickens. His performance scenes are euphemistic and delicate, such as Sheng Dan's ostentation and extravagance dramas, Broken Bridge and Drunkenness, or popular ones, such as the martial arts dramas, Flag of Fire, Eight Waxes Hall and Heroic Righteousness. Its performance forms are also flexible and diverse, which can be divided and combined, big or small, and can be performed in single-fold dramas or even Taiwanese dramas.

The art of Anhui opera is characterized by simplicity, roughness, emphasis on ostentation and extravagance, good martial arts and strong flavor of life. The performance of Anhui Opera has always been based on solid foundation, comprehensive technology, neat lineup, excellent color and art, and a high degree of integration of song, dance, music and white. Actors are required to be literate and martial, and to be good at singing and fighting. That is to say, we should pay attention to the perfection of ostentation and extravagance and stage art, such as "thirty-six nets meet, ten pythons rely on ten or eight dahongpao" to show that the class club has a strong lineup, complete business and simple and rough performance. For example, in Badaling, there are as many as 10 to 14 single-bit walkers, as well as eight red pythons and four official uniforms. Actors sing and dance, accompanied by suona and gongs and drums, showing the momentum of thousands of troops. The actors' stage movements are strong and clear, and they are highly technical. That is, it pays attention to the sculptural beauty of the appearance of the characters and the stage pictures, and also attaches importance to the high platform and the martial arts performance of the high platform. In some plays, there are many stunts. For example, a series of characters performed by Guan Yu, Zhou Cang and Guan Ping appeared in Seven Armies Underwater, and Shi Wengong in Revenge with One Arrow wanted to turn over the Sanqi table, jumping on the platform like jumping, jumping, jumping swords, flying forks and somersaults. The performances of other characters in Anhui opera also have their own characteristics, and the absorption of folk martial arts such as "bare boxing" has become a unique move in martial arts. For example, in Dan Jiao's early performance, there were a lot of fingering because there were no sleeves. When Jing Jiao appeared, her hands were raised above her head, like a thousand kilograms, and her fingers were separated, which looked like Tiger Claw. He screamed and shook his head with "rolling his throat", supplemented by stamping his feet, to show the feelings of the characters when they were angry, which seemed rude and fierce. Anhui Opera has the characteristics of rough and magnificent movements in performance, which is due to inheriting the skills of Miao artists in Jingyang (now Jingdezhen), Anhui Province. In addition, there are many unique skills in Anhui opera, such as the top light in Rolling Lantern, the small step in Capture, the braid in Sanchakou, the rosary in Double Down the Mountain, the red fist in Moon Dragon Head and the three-sided change in Kouzi. Hui Kun has formed his own characteristics by performing seven captures, eight arrays, Badaling and heroic deeds.

The performance of Anhui opera pays attention to the majestic style of singing and dancing, while the martial arts of high platform and platform pay attention to the beauty of stage pictures, figures and sculptures. Dan Jiao's performance had a lot of wrist and finger movements because she didn't have sleeves in the early stage. The corner of the net appears with both hands above the head, as if lifting a thousand pounds, screaming with "rolling your throat" and stamping your feet.

music

The singing of Anhui opera is easy to understand and has a bright rhythm. Its multi-voice cavity mainly includes: bazi, Siping, Blowing cavity, and singing Kunyi cavity, Gaoqiang cavity, Huaqiang minor and Xipi. Later, anti-Huang Er, anti-Xipi, Huaxi Pi, Huapai and other new tunes were added to enrich the singing. Aria is a kind of couplets that are not strict, and Kunyi and Chuiqiang are the transitional forms from conjoined body to plate cavity. They are accompanied by flutes. They can sing long and short sentences, seven-character quatrains and cross sentences, which is more flexible. Paizi, Huang Er and Xipi all have a complete set of dishes, and the lyrics are all seven-character antithetical sentences, except Huilong and Duiban.

trade

The foot color business in Anhui opera has developed from four lines: birth, Dan, purity and ugliness, forming a fine division of labor. According to different accents, periods and places, the roles are divided differently.

The roles of Qingyang Opera are: Health (Zhengsheng), Dan (Zhengdan), Duan, Jing, Ugly, Foreign, Xiao Sheng, Fu Dan, Hua Dan, Tiedan and so on. There are four walk-on actors who also play miscellaneous roles.

When "Huizhou Class Four" entered Beijing, their lines of Huizhou Opera were: life, life, foreign culture, Dan, paste, husband, purity, end and ugliness.

There are 14 lines of roles in Huizhou Huiban period: Laosheng, Wushaosheng, Zheng Sheng, Xiao Sheng, Wushaosheng, Zheng Dan (Tsing Yi), Hua Dan, Wudan, Dahua (Bronze Hammer), Erhua (Shelf), Da Die Erhua (Wu Hualian), Sanhua (Ugly) and Wusanhua.

The roles of Huizhou Class in Zhejiang are: old students, foreigners, vice students, primary school students, Zheng Dan, Hua Dan, Zuo Dan, Lao Dan, Wu Xiaodan, Sanniangzi, Dahua, Erhua, Ugly (Xiaohua), Huasi, Za (a walk-on, a tiger and a dog, but also a pipe box).

Masayoshi

Health means seriousness and dignity. The leading men in the play are mostly middle-aged men, and the performances are mainly singers, but they also focus on doing kung fu and learning kung fu. For example, Guan Yu in Seven Swallowed Troops and Zhuge Liang in Eight Arrays.

Laosheng

Old pedants are divided into civil and military pedants, and most of them play middle-aged and elderly men. Performance requires equal emphasis on singing, reading, doing and dancing, and must also have a solid martial arts foundation and rely on kung fu. The roles played by the literary drama are Xu Ce, who holds the tripod view and manages the city; Xiao He, who pursues Han Xin; Qin Qiong, who is in the third gear; and Huang Zhong, who is in Dingjun Mountain.

Xiao Sheng

Xiao Sheng is divided into civil and military, and plays more young and middle-aged men. Singing requires the combination of true and false voices, and the singing is strong and beautiful; Body movements are elegant, elegant and charming, and master some martial arts skills such as badminton, hand holding and somersault. The roles of literary dramas are Zhou of the Mountain, the navy of Phoenix Mountain, and those with golden branches and jade leaves. The roles of martial arts include Zhou Yu in Linjiang Hui, Lu Bu in White Gate Tower and Hua Rong in Tao Hong.

Queen Ziwei

Big flowers, also known as nets, are divided into white, black, painted and red faces. Singing-based performance requires loud voice and strong explosive power; The workmanship is vigorous, dignified and imposing. The roles played include Bao Zheng, Xiang Yu of Yulingfu, Yan Song, Xu of Erjin Palace, Long Peng, Xia of Dingjun Mountain, Gu Chenghui and Guan Yu of Taiping Bridge.

Erhua

The second flower is clean, heavy work, tall and straight reading, beating, and some stunts. His roles include Lu in Reception and Drunk Mountain Gate. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Wu Laohei, Wang Shi and other famous two-character figures appeared.

Sanhua

Three flowers are ugly, and they are divided into civil and military. Play more humorous roles and ugly ones, and emphasize singing, reading, doing and playing in the performance. The roles played in literary dramas include Cheng in Nine Palaces and Liu Er in Borrowing Boots, while Yang in kowloon cup and Jiang Ping in Flowers are the roles played in martial dramas. Wang Po in "Scold Chicken" and the wet nurse in "Clever Marriage" are clowns.

Chinese New Year

Zheng Dan, also known as Tsing Yi, mainly plays a sedate and dignified young woman and a duet. Her singing skills are delicate, euphemistic and delicate, and she is good at expressing characters' feelings. Her body movements require simplicity and solemnity. His roles are Li Sanniang in Hunting Chu and Wang Baochuan in Double Turtle Kiln.

Hua dan

Hua Dan mostly plays innocent and lively young women, paying attention to work, emphasizing delicate and beautiful performances, and demanding beauty, rhyme and crispness in action. His roles include Bai Mudan who plays peony and Pan Jinlian who kills his sister-in-law. The word Hua Dan comes from Xia Tingzhi's Collection of Brothels in the Yuan Dynasty: "Anyone who is a prostitute, Hua Dan breaks his face with ink."

Wudan

Wu Dan played many heroic female generals, Xia, Xian and Banshee. Emphasize martial arts and slapping, and emphasize agility; Pay attention to singing and workmanship, and show the upright temperament in the charm. His roles include Mu in Broken Flood State and Sun Erniang in Cross Slope.

Lao Dan

Lao Dan plays many elderly women with different identities. Sing kung fu, pay attention to expression in performance, and keep a steady pace. Lao Dan's performance is characterized by singing and reading in his own voice, but he is not as flat, straight and stiff as the old students, but as circuitous as Tsing Yi. His roles are She Taijun in Shiro Visiting Mother and Chundengmu in Mu Yangjuan.

musical instrument

Hu Hui

Accompaniment instruments are mostly flute and suona. Hu Hui, also called Hook, is a wooden pole and stringed instrument. The inner diameter of the piano barrel is two fingers. Use the short bow method and the rubbing and sliding finger method, which has a unique flavor. Another musical instrument, called "Pioneer", is also called "shoulder pole" and "Shrimp beard". Trumpet-shaped, five feet long, made of copper, divided into three sections, retractable, used for playing generals, giving gifts and playing ghosts. Percussion instruments include Dan Pigu, Tooth Plate, Drum, Cloud Drum, Gong Hui, Big Clam, Small Gong, Small Clam and Cloud Gong.

theatrical/stage costume

Clothing type

The traditional costumes of Anhui opera include pythons, recliners, pleats, helmets, boots, shoes and other accessories, also known as costumes, commonly known as costumes, and the crown of characters is called helmets. In the past, Huizhou was divided into Jianghu clothes, indoor clothes, private clothes and official clothes. Playing shoes is divided into boots and shoes, and boots are divided into thick soles, thin soles and square heads. As early as the Song and Yuan Dynasties, there were already rules and regulations about clothing, such as "dressing", "plain clothes", "Taoist clothes" and "blue clothes". In the late Ming Dynasty, due to the continuous updating of repertoire and the improvement of performing arts, song and dance were further integrated, the division of labor among actors was more specific, the economic conditions of the troupe were improved, and the stage art developed in an all-round way. Although the traditional costumes of Anhui Opera were formed in the Qing Dynasty, their specifications and styles were basically based on the costumes of the Ming Dynasty, and they were combined and beautified with the typical costumes of Tang, Song, Yuan and Qing Dynasties.

Clothing color

The costumes of Anhui opera have strong nationality and costume. It fully utilizes and embodies the principles of China's traditional chromatics and craft painting in its design. Clothing colors are divided into five categories, namely, red, yellow, blue (green), white and black. Its official clothes and pleats are blue instead of green, pythons, lying dragons are green instead of blue, and embroidery is mostly dragon patterns with thick lines. Later, influenced by other operas, it changed.

Types of traditional Chinese opera facial makeup

In the facial makeup of Anhui opera, "grass face" is a general facial makeup, and the rest are special facial makeup, which is meaningful. For example, Bao Zheng drew a pink meat bun on his forehead, because it is said that when he was a child, he was framed by an evil sister-in-law and pushed into a dry well. Zhang Fei drew a big peach on his forehead, symbolizing "Taoyuan sworn", and Wei Yan drew three anti-bones on his Tang Yin, indicating rebellion and so on.

The name of Qu's work (Qu) is composed of

Anhui operas are mostly martial arts dramas, with suona and gongs and drums, which are magnificent. With flute and small suona as the main accompaniment instruments, there are three vocal structures: Qupai, Banbian plus Qupai and Banbian. The plectrum is played with dates, accompanied by plucked instruments at first, and changed to suona, flute and emblem Hu after combining with blowing cavity. In addition to Er Quan accompanied by suona, Er Quan is mainly decorated with Hu Hui, which is divided into men's and women's palaces, with guide plates, original plates, Huilong plates, crying plates, scattered plates and flowing water. Xipi thought that the main accompaniment instruments were Wen, Wu guide board, scattered board, rocking board, 26 (also known as slow stack), running water (also known as tight stack), original board, stacked board, crying board and so on. , divided into men's and women's palaces, there are Xipi and Anti-Xipi.

There are also many kinds of musical instruments in Anhui Opera. Qingyang Opera and Huizhou Opera each have a set of classic gongs and drums. Percussion music is deep and vigorous, often muffled by cymbals, producing unique effects.

Stage attribute

The props of Anhui opera have their own characteristics, such as paper bricks, paper eighteen arhats, and three clothes.

Genre art

Huizhou Opera School

Huizhou opera has developed into various schools because of the promotion of Huizhou class. For example, Wu Opera in Zhejiang and Gan Opera in Jiangxi are almost all lineages of Hui Opera. The main voice of Yunnan Yunju Opera and Guangdong Cantonese Opera is "Huang Er", which mainly comes from Huizhou Opera and absorbs its martial arts. The "North-South Tune" in xiang opera of Hunan Province is the "Huang Er Xipi" in Huizhou Tune, and the Guangxi Guiju Opera is also dominated by "Huang Er Xipi", and the blowing tune is called "Anqing Tune". In Anhui Province, there are different schools of Huizhou Opera, such as Jiangnan, Jiangbei and Huizhou. Jiangnan Huizhou Opera is good at singing, with simple timbre and full of charm, while Jiangbei Huizhou Opera is good at martial arts, with some somersaults and stalls, which are rare in other operas.

Hui Opera, one of the local operas in Anhui, China, was originally named "Hui Tune" and "Huang Er Tune", which originated in the Ming Dynasty and was named after 1949.

There are 1404 traditional plays of Anhui opera, and 753 files are preserved. Its content ranges from disputes between countries, palace relocation of major events, immortals and ghosts to stories of folk life. The music and singing of Anhui Opera are beautiful and complete. It can be divided into Qingyang, Siping, Huikun, Chui, Tizi, Huang Er, Xipi and coloratura minor. Blowing cavity, plectrum and leather spring are the main acoustic cavities. The melody is soft and euphemistic, the plectrum is loud and passionate, the leather spring is popular and smooth, and the performing arts of Huizhou Opera are colorful and exquisite. Literary drama is characterized by its ability to sing and dance, euphemistic and delicate, while martial arts drama is rough and fiery, with profound kung fu, good at falling from a high platform and shocking the audience. Life drama attracts audiences with its strong local flavor, wit, humor and language. The stage pictures are colorful and have the beauty of sculpture.

On May 20th, 2006, Anhui Opera was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.

Hui opera is good at eclecticism in performing arts. The performance has a large capacity and rich expressive force. It can express all kinds of complicated characters' emotions with various voices and shape stage characters with various performing techniques. His performances cover a wide range of subjects, including Eight Arrays, Flooded Seven Armies, Long Hudou and Meng Huo's Seven Robberies, as well as life dramas such as kicking the ball, making lights and cursing chickens. His performance scenes are euphemistic and delicate, such as Sheng Dan's ostentation and extravagance dramas, Broken Bridge and Drunkenness, or popular ones, such as the martial arts dramas, Flag of Fire, Eight Waxes Hall and Heroic Righteousness. Its performance forms are also flexible and diverse, which can be divided and combined, big or small, and can be performed in single-fold dramas or even Taiwanese dramas.

The art of Anhui opera is characterized by simplicity, roughness, emphasis on ostentation and extravagance, good martial arts and strong flavor of life. The performance of Anhui Opera has always been based on solid foundation, comprehensive technology, neat lineup, excellent color and art, and a high degree of integration of song, dance, music and white. Actors are required to be literate and martial, and to be good at singing and fighting. That is to say, we should pay attention to the perfection of ostentation and extravagance and stage art, such as "thirty-six nets meet, ten pythons rely on ten or eight dahongpao" to show that the class club has a strong lineup, complete business and simple and rough performance. For example, in Badaling, there are as many as 10 to 14 single-bit walkers, as well as eight red pythons and four official uniforms. Actors sing and dance, accompanied by suona and gongs and drums, showing the momentum of thousands of troops. The actors' stage movements are strong and clear, and they are highly technical. That is, it pays attention to the sculptural beauty of the appearance of the characters and the stage pictures, and also attaches importance to the high platform and the martial arts performance of the high platform. In some plays, there are many stunts. For example, a series of characters performed by Guan Yu, Zhou Cang and Guan Ping appeared in Seven Armies Underwater, and Shi Wengong in Revenge with One Arrow wanted to turn over the Sanqi table, jumping on the platform like jumping, jumping, jumping swords, flying forks and somersaults. The performances of other characters in Anhui opera also have their own characteristics, and the absorption of folk martial arts such as "bare boxing" has become a unique move in martial arts. For example, in Dan Jiao's early performance, there were a lot of fingering because there were no sleeves. When Jing Jiao appeared, her hands were raised above her head, like a thousand kilograms, and her fingers were separated, which looked like Tiger Claw. He screamed and shook his head with "rolling his throat", supplemented by stamping his feet, to show the feelings of the characters when they were angry, which seemed rude and fierce. Anhui Opera has the characteristics of rough and magnificent movements in performance, which is due to inheriting the skills of Miao artists in Jingyang (now Jingdezhen), Anhui Province. In addition, there are many unique skills in Anhui opera, such as the top light in Rolling Lantern, the small step in Capture, the braid in Sanchakou, the rosary in Double Down the Mountain, the red fist in Moon Dragon Head and the three-sided change in Kouzi. Hui Kun has formed his own characteristics by performing seven captures, eight arrays, Badaling and heroic deeds.

The performance of Anhui opera pays attention to the majestic style of singing and dancing, while the martial arts of high platform and platform pay attention to the beauty of stage pictures, figures and sculptures. Dan Jiao's performance had a lot of wrist and finger movements because she didn't have sleeves in the early stage. The corner of the net appears with both hands above the head, as if lifting a thousand pounds, screaming with "rolling your throat" and stamping your feet.

music

The singing of Anhui opera is easy to understand and has a bright rhythm. Its multi-voice cavity mainly includes: bazi, Siping, Blowing cavity, and singing Kunyi cavity, Gaoqiang cavity, Huaqiang minor and Xipi. Later, anti-Huang Er, anti-Xipi, Huaxi Pi, Huapai and other new tunes were added to enrich the singing. Aria is a kind of couplets that are not strict, and Kunyi and Chuiqiang are the transitional forms from conjoined body to plate cavity. They are accompanied by flutes. They can sing long and short sentences, seven-character quatrains and cross sentences, which is more flexible. Paizi, Huang Er and Xipi all have a complete set of dishes, and the lyrics are all seven-character antithetical sentences, except Huilong and Duiban.

trade

The foot color business in Anhui opera has developed from four lines: birth, Dan, purity and ugliness, forming a fine division of labor. According to different accents, periods and places, the roles are divided differently.

The roles of Qingyang Opera are: Health (Zhengsheng), Dan (Zhengdan), Duan, Jing, Ugly, Foreign, Xiao Sheng, Fu Dan, Hua Dan, Tiedan and so on. There are four walk-on actors who also play miscellaneous roles.

When "Huizhou Class Four" entered Beijing, their lines of Huizhou Opera were: life, life, foreign culture, Dan, paste, husband, purity, end and ugliness.

There are 14 lines of roles in Huizhou Huiban period: Laosheng, Wushaosheng, Zheng Sheng, Xiao Sheng, Wushaosheng, Zheng Dan (Tsing Yi), Hua Dan, Wudan, Dahua (Bronze Hammer), Erhua (Shelf), Da Die Erhua (Wu Hualian), Sanhua (Ugly) and Wusanhua.

The roles of Huizhou Class in Zhejiang are: old students, foreigners, vice students, primary school students, Zheng Dan, Hua Dan, Zuo Dan, Lao Dan, Wu Xiaodan, Sanniangzi, Dahua, Erhua, Ugly (Xiaohua), Huasi, Za (a walk-on, a tiger and a dog, but also a pipe box).

Masayoshi

Health means seriousness and dignity. The leading men in the play are mostly middle-aged men, and the performances are mainly singers, but they also focus on doing kung fu and learning kung fu. For example, Guan Yu in Seven Swallowed Troops and Zhuge Liang in Eight Arrays.

Laosheng

Old pedants are divided into civil and military pedants, and most of them play middle-aged and elderly men. Performance requires equal emphasis on singing, reading, doing and dancing, and must also have a solid martial arts foundation and rely on kung fu. The roles played by the literary drama are Xu Ce, who holds the tripod view and manages the city; Xiao He, who pursues Han Xin; Qin Qiong, who is in the third gear; and Huang Zhong, who is in Dingjun Mountain.

Xiao Sheng

Xiao Sheng is divided into civil and military, and plays more young and middle-aged men. Singing requires the combination of true and false voices, and the singing is strong and beautiful; Body movements are elegant, elegant and charming, and master some martial arts skills such as badminton, hand holding and somersault. The roles of literary dramas are Zhou of the Mountain, the navy of Phoenix Mountain, and those with golden branches and jade leaves. The roles of martial arts include Zhou Yu in Linjiang Hui, Lu Bu in White Gate Tower and Hua Rong in Tao Hong.

Queen Ziwei

Big flowers, also known as nets, are divided into white, black, painted and red faces. Singing-based performance requires loud voice and strong explosive power; The workmanship is vigorous, dignified and imposing. The roles played include Bao Zheng, Xiang Yu of Yulingfu, Yan Song, Xu of Erjin Palace, Long Peng, Xia of Dingjun Mountain, Gu Chenghui and Guan Yu of Taiping Bridge.

Erhua

The second flower is clean, heavy work, tall and straight reading, beating, and some stunts. His roles include Lu in Reception and Drunk Mountain Gate. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Wu Laohei, Wang Shi and other famous two-character figures appeared.

Sanhua

Three flowers are ugly, and they are divided into civil and military. Play more humorous roles and ugly ones, and emphasize singing, reading, doing and playing in the performance. The roles played in literary dramas include Cheng in Nine Palaces and Liu Er in Borrowing Boots, while Yang in kowloon cup and Jiang Ping in Flowers are the roles played in martial dramas. Wang Po in "Scold Chicken" and the wet nurse in "Clever Marriage" are clowns.

Chinese New Year

Zheng Dan, also known as Tsing Yi, mainly plays a sedate and dignified young woman and a duet. Her singing skills are delicate, euphemistic and delicate, and she is good at expressing characters' feelings. Her body movements require simplicity and solemnity. His roles are Li Sanniang in Hunting Chu and Wang Baochuan in Double Turtle Kiln.

Hua dan

Hua Dan mostly plays innocent and lively young women, paying attention to work, emphasizing delicate and beautiful performances, and demanding beauty, rhyme and crispness in action. His roles include Bai Mudan who plays peony and Pan Jinlian who kills his sister-in-law. The word Hua Dan comes from Xia Tingzhi's Collection of Brothels in the Yuan Dynasty: "Anyone who is a prostitute, Hua Dan breaks his face with ink."

Wudan

Wu Dan played many heroic female generals, Xia, Xian and Banshee. Emphasize martial arts and slapping, and emphasize agility; Pay attention to singing and workmanship, and show the upright temperament in the charm. His roles include Mu in Broken Flood State and Sun Erniang in Cross Slope.

Lao Dan

Lao Dan plays many elderly women with different identities. Sing kung fu, pay attention to expression in performance, and keep a steady pace. Lao Dan's performance is characterized by singing and reading in his own voice, but he is not as flat, straight and stiff as the old students, but as circuitous as Tsing Yi. His roles are She Taijun in Shiro Visiting Mother and Chundengmu in Mu Yangjuan.

musical instrument

Hu Hui

Accompaniment instruments are mostly flute and suona. Hu Hui, also called Hook, is a wooden pole and stringed instrument. The inner diameter of the piano barrel is two fingers. Use the short bow method and the rubbing and sliding finger method, which has a unique flavor. Another musical instrument, called "Pioneer", is also called "shoulder pole" and "Shrimp beard". Trumpet-shaped, five feet long, made of copper, divided into three sections, retractable, used for playing generals, giving gifts and playing ghosts. Percussion instruments include Dan Pigu, Tooth Plate, Drum, Cloud Drum, Gong Hui, Big Clam, Small Gong, Small Clam and Cloud Gong.

theatrical/stage costume

Clothing type

The traditional costumes of Anhui opera include pythons, recliners, pleats, helmets, boots, shoes and other accessories, also known as costumes, commonly known as costumes, and the crown of characters is called helmets. In the past, Huizhou was divided into Jianghu clothes, indoor clothes, private clothes and official clothes. Playing shoes is divided into boots and shoes, and boots are divided into thick soles, thin soles and square heads. As early as the Song and Yuan Dynasties, there were already rules and regulations about clothing, such as "dressing", "plain clothes", "Taoist clothes" and "blue clothes". In the late Ming Dynasty, due to the continuous updating of repertoire and the improvement of performing arts, song and dance were further integrated, the division of labor among actors was more specific, the economic conditions of the troupe were improved, and the stage art developed in an all-round way. Although the traditional costumes of Anhui Opera were formed in the Qing Dynasty, their specifications and styles were basically based on the costumes of the Ming Dynasty, and they were combined and beautified with the typical costumes of Tang, Song, Yuan and Qing Dynasties.

Clothing color

The costumes of Anhui opera have strong nationality and costume. It fully utilizes and embodies the principles of China's traditional chromatics and craft painting in its design. Clothing colors are divided into five categories, namely, red, yellow, blue (green), white and black. Its official clothes and pleats are blue instead of green, pythons, lying dragons are green instead of blue, and embroidery is mostly dragon patterns with thick lines. Later, influenced by other operas, it changed.

Types of traditional Chinese opera facial makeup

In the facial makeup of Anhui opera, "grass face" is a general facial makeup, and the rest are special facial makeup, which is meaningful. For example, Bao Zheng drew a pink meat bun on his forehead, because it is said that when he was a child, he was framed by an evil sister-in-law and pushed into a dry well. Zhang Fei drew a big peach on his forehead, symbolizing "Taoyuan sworn", and Wei Yan drew three anti-bones on his Tang Yin, indicating rebellion and so on.

The name of Qu's work (Qu) is composed of

Anhui operas are mostly martial arts dramas, with suona and gongs and drums, which are magnificent. With flute and small suona as the main accompaniment instruments, there are three vocal structures: Qupai, Banbian plus Qupai and Banbian. The plectrum is played with dates, accompanied by plucked instruments at first, and changed to suona, flute and emblem Hu after combining with blowing cavity. In addition to Er Quan accompanied by suona, Er Quan is mainly decorated with Hu Hui, which is divided into men's and women's palaces, with guide plates, original plates, Huilong plates, crying plates, scattered plates and flowing water. Xipi thought that the main accompaniment instruments were Wen, Wu guide board, scattered board, rocking board, 26 (also known as slow stack), running water (also known as tight stack), original board, stacked board, crying board and so on. , divided into men's and women's palaces, there are Xipi and Anti-Xipi.

There are also many kinds of musical instruments in Anhui Opera. Qingyang Opera and Huizhou Opera each have a set of classic gongs and drums. Percussion music is deep and vigorous, often muffled by cymbals, producing unique effects.

Stage attribute

The props of Anhui opera have their own characteristics, such as paper bricks, paper eighteen arhats, and three clothes.

Genre art

Huizhou Opera School

Huizhou opera has developed into various schools because of the promotion of Huizhou class. For example, Wu Opera in Zhejiang and Gan Opera in Jiangxi are almost all lineages of Hui Opera. The main voice of Yunnan Yunju Opera and Guangdong Cantonese Opera is "Huang Er", which mainly comes from Huizhou Opera and absorbs its martial arts. The "North-South Tune" in xiang opera of Hunan Province is the "Huang Er Xipi" in Huizhou Tune, and the Guangxi Guiju Opera is also dominated by "Huang Er Xipi", and the blowing tune is called "Anqing Tune". In Anhui Province, there are different schools of Huizhou Opera, such as Jiangnan, Jiangbei and Huizhou. Jiangnan Huizhou Opera is good at singing, with simple timbre and full of charm, while Jiangbei Huizhou Opera is good at martial arts, with some somersaults and stalls, which are rare in other operas.

Hui Opera, one of the local operas in Anhui, China, was originally named "Hui Tune" and "Huang Er Tune", which originated in the Ming Dynasty and was named after 1949.

There are 1404 traditional plays of Anhui opera, and 753 files are preserved. Its content ranges from disputes between countries, palace relocation of major events, immortals and ghosts to stories of folk life. The music and singing of Anhui Opera are beautiful and complete. It can be divided into Qingyang, Siping, Huikun, Chui, Tizi, Huang Er, Xipi and coloratura minor. Blowing cavity, plectrum and leather spring are the main acoustic cavities. The melody is soft and euphemistic, the plectrum is loud and passionate, the leather spring is popular and smooth, and the performing arts of Huizhou Opera are colorful and exquisite. Literary drama is characterized by its ability to sing and dance, euphemistic and delicate, while martial arts drama is rough and fiery, with profound kung fu, good at falling from a high platform and shocking the audience. Life drama attracts audiences with its strong local flavor, wit, humor and language. The stage pictures are colorful and have the beauty of sculpture.

On May 20th, 2006, Anhui Opera was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.