What are the characteristics of Gorky’s childhood?

When Alyosha (Gorky in childhood) was very young, his father fell ill and died, and his mother took him back to his grandparents' house.

The arrival of Alyosha's mother caused a fight between his uncle Mikhail and his brother-in-law Yakov. They were afraid that their mother would come to ask for dowry, so they broke up and broke into a fight. Alyosha initially realized the atmosphere of mutual hatred permeating his grandfather's house. The uncle teased the old tailor Grigory and asked his nephew to put a hot thimble in Grigory's hand. Unexpectedly, the grandfather accidentally put it on, and the grandfather whipped his grandson. Alyosha was severely beaten by his grandfather for putting the tablecloth in the dye bucket. During the beating, everyone was gloating about his misfortune. Even his mother was afraid of grandpa and did not dare to stop him. Only grandma protected Alyosha. Liao Sha.

After beating Alyosha, his grandfather came to see him and told him about the time when he was a tracker on the banks of the Volga River when he was young. Alyosha felt that his grandfather had grown up quickly like a cloud. , transformed from a skinny little old man into a strong man in a fairy tale. After being beaten, Alyosha met the young man Gypsy, who became Alyosha's best friend. Every time Alyosha was beaten, he always stretched out his arms to block him. Every Saturday, he took Alyosha to play various games. He is good at dancing and dreams of having a good voice. Alyosha loved him very much, but he was forced by his two uncles to carry a load-bearing oak cross to the cemetery. After tripping in the middle, he was crushed by the cross and died of excessive blood loss.

After the death of Gypsy, Alyosha became even more attached to his grandmother. Before going to bed, he played a joke on his grandma, who told him the story of God and the little devil. Grandma is Alyosha’s favorite person.

“Before grandma arrived, I seemed to be sleeping, as if hiding in the darkness. Her appearance woke me up and made me see the light. She connected everything around me and weaved it all into Colorful lace pattern. She quickly became my lifelong friend, the most caring person to me, and the most precious person to me because of her selfless love for the world. This kind of love makes me feel fulfilled and gives me strength in difficult years."

Grandma knows countless stories, poems, legends, and fairy tales, and Alyosha can listen to them all. Bewildered. One night, there was a sudden fire at home. The family was panicked, but grandma was very brave. She covered her head with an empty bag and a horse quilt on her body. She rushed into the fire without fear and took out a bucket. A large bottle filled with sulfate, and calmly directed others to put out the fire. After the fire, she endured great pain to deliver the baby.

As soon as spring began, the uncles separated their families. Grandpa bought himself a new house, and Alyosha still lived with his grandparents. This was a slow-paced day, and the only people Alyosha came into contact with were his grandparents. Grandma told him about her life experience. My grandmother was also an orphan, and her mother was impoverished and disabled. In order to survive, my grandmother wandered around and begged with her mother, and later relied on my grandmother's lace weaving to make a living. Grandpa also talked about getting along with French soldiers when he was a child. During this time, my grandfather began to teach Alyosha how to read. Grandpa's old illness relapsed and he beat his grandmother. Alyosha felt unbearable.

The peaceful days were soon broken. The two uncles teamed up to make trouble at their grandparents' house in order to divide their property. Especially the uncle Mikhail, who made trouble when he was drunk and stayed around the house all night. Going around, bringing in helpers to pull out the marlin bushes and sour chestnut trees, trash the bathrooms, break the glass. Once he smashed the door with a thick wooden root, my grandfather gathered two tenants and the wife of the hotel owner to deal with him. In order to help his son, his grandmother's arm was broken by his uncle. Alyosha hated his uncle extremely.

What followed was another monotonous day. Grandma prayed every day, and Grandpa prayed every day. Alyosha believed that his grandmother’s God was kind and compassionate, but his grandfather’s God was distant and intimidating. Alyosha liked his grandmother's God but hated his grandfather's God. He deliberately caught his grandfather's mistakes in praying to tease him. During this period, Alyosha often fought with children on the street because he could not tolerate the pranks these children made. At this time, Grigori, an old craftsman who had worked for his grandfather all his life, was fired by his uncle because of his blindness and became a beggar. Alyosha felt embarrassed about this.

Grandpa suddenly sold his original house and bought a house elsewhere. Alyosha met many people here. There was a tenant nicknamed "The Busty Guy", Uncle Peter who disguised himself as a coachman and robbed the church, and the three children of Ovsyaniko's family. Alyosha established friendship with all of them, but his relationship with "The Good Guy" was the closest.

"Good thing" is a pharmacist who is busy doing experiments all day long. He has a thorough understanding of life. He often guides Alyosha to observe the details of life and teaches him the principles of life.

“In my opinion, there is nothing noteworthy in the yard. But with his gentle push or a few words of guidance, everything I see is different, as if these things are all different. It has a unique meaning, so it left a particularly deep impression on me." But the "good guy" was eventually driven away by his grandfather because he was not understood by the people around him. Alyosha was very angry but had no choice.

In the midst of boredom, my mother came back. After staying in several cities for a long time and giving birth to a child, she was desperate and returned to her grandfather's house. She began to teach Alyosha how to read and asked him to recite many poems. My grandfather forced my mother to remarry, and my mother resisted desperately. My grandfather was extremely angry and turned his anger on my grandmother. He beat her severely and inserted hairpins deeply into her scalp. Alyosha avenged his grandmother and cut into pieces his grandfather’s favorite saint.

Alyosha was sent to school by his mother, but soon he was forced to stay home due to chickenpox. Worried about her mother's marriage, her grandmother started drinking and told Alyosha about the past events between her father and mother. Soon, my mother fell in love with a surveying student and insisted on marrying him. Alyosha didn't like his stepfather and his new grandmother, and he didn't want his mother to remarry, but there was nothing he could do. After his mother remarried, Alyosha continued to live with his grandparents. He began to grow up and gained his own self-confidence. Alyosha returned to school, but the teacher did not like him, and only the bishop appreciated him. He was beaten by his mother for taking a ruble to buy a fairy tale book. The stepfather was very bad to his mother and kicked her. Alyosha fought hard with his stepfather and was sent back to his grandfather's house.

My grandfather went bankrupt, and Alyosha and his grandmother depended on each other. After passing the third-grade exam, he stopped going to school and began to support himself. He made many friends, and they helped each other, picking up rags and tearing wood together. In August, my mother passed away. Grandpa said that Alyosha was not a medal and should not hang around his neck all the time. So Alyosha went to the world and went out to make a living.

"Childhood" is the first part of Gorky's autobiographical novel trilogy. As early as the 1890s, Gorky had the idea of ????writing a biographical work. Between 1908 and 1910, Lenin visited Gorky as a guest in his apartment on the island of Capri, Italy. Gorky told him more than once about his childhood and teenage life. Once, Lenin said to Gorky: "You should write everything out, old friend, you must write it down! All of this is of great educational significance, excellent!" Gorky said: "One day in the future, I will write it..." Soon, he fulfilled this promise.

The author Gorky also repeatedly stated in "Childhood": "Whenever I recall the depressing, dirty and barbaric life in Russia, I often ask myself: Is it necessary to write about such ugly behavior? I answer myself every time with full confidence: It is necessary! Because this is the living and ugly reality of life. This reality still exists. To change this reality, we must start from people’s memories and hearts. To eliminate its influence from the heavy and dirty life, we must have a thorough understanding of this reality."

"There is a more positive reason why I describe this kind of ugly behavior in real life: although these ugly behaviors. It is disgusting and depresses us; although they kill countless beautiful souls, the Russian soul is still so healthy and young, and is overcoming and finally able to overcome this ugly behavior. "Our life is very wonderful.

Although there is fertile soil for breeding all kinds of shameless scum in our lives, this soil will eventually grow outstanding, healthy and creative forces, kindness and Humane things, they continue to inspire us with the eternal hope of building a bright and humane new life.” This aspect shows Gorky’s aesthetic principles: writers do not have to avoid any scandal in life, but the purpose is to awaken people’s attention. So as to completely eliminate it, and firmly believe that human society has a self-regulating mechanism of truth, goodness and beauty.

On the other hand, it also shows that the purpose of Gorky writing about his tragic childhood experience is not to show people how worthy of sympathy and pity he is, nor is it simply to recall his childhood life, but to use his own childhood experience Personal experience tells readers that no matter how bad the environment is, how difficult life is. There are always some kind and beautiful people. As long as they have a positive heart, they can cultivate a healthy and upright mind in a dirty environment.

Therefore, we say that the ideological content of the book is positive rather than decadent. ?[5]?

In this book, Gorky truly described his difficult childhood, reflected some typical characteristics of social life at that time, and especially painted a picture of the customs and humanities of the Russian petty bourgeoisie. Real and vivid pictures. It not only reveals those "leaden scandals", but also depicts many outstanding ordinary characters around the author, among which the image of the grandmother is one of the most glorious and poetic images in Russian literature. It was these ordinary people who gave the young Gorky a good influence, enabling him to develop a character that did not bow to ugly phenomena, and trained him to become a strong and kind person.

"Childhood" is a novel based on the author's own childhood experience. It is a historical picture of Russian society at the end of the 19th century. From it, we can see the author's childhood and adolescence in a dark society. The struggle to find the light. The novel reproduces the social environment in which the Russian people lived during the rule of Tsarist Russia in the 19th century. The novel describes the suffering experienced by the author in his childhood, which was also a common phenomenon in society at that time.

Golky was born on March 16, 1868 in a carpenter family in the town of Nizhny Novgorod on the Volga River. His father died when he was 4 years old, and he spent his childhood with his mother at his maternal grandfather's house. At the age of 10, Gorky began to make a living independently. He has worked as an apprentice, porter, janitor, baker, etc., and has personally experienced the suffering of the lower class people. During this period, he studied hard and began to explore the truth about transforming society. In 1884, he joined the Populist Party group, read the works of the Populists and Marx, and actively participated in revolutionary activities.

In 1905, Gorky joined the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party. In 1906, Gorky was entrusted by Lenin to go from Finland to the United States to carry out revolutionary activities, and published his novel "Mother" in the United States. Later settled in Capri, Italy. In 1913, Gorky returned from Italy and engaged in proletarian cultural organization work, presiding over the literary column of "Pravda".

After the October Revolution in 1917, along with the chaos, destruction, anarchist trends and various violent incidents that emerged in the revolution, conflicts arose between Gorky, Lenin and the new regime. In October 1921, due to illness and differences with the Bolshevik regime, Gorky went abroad to recuperate. In 1928, Gorky returned to the Soviet Union. Under Stalin's arrangement, he made two long-distance sightseeing trips in Russia and decided to return to his country to settle down. In 1934, he was elected chairman of the Writers Association.

After returning to the country, Gorky served as a banner of the Soviet cultural circle and did a lot of work for the cultural construction of the Soviet Union. However, various problems that emerged in the Soviet Union in the 1930s kept him at a certain distance from Stalin and real politics.