The position and function of ancient Greek and Roman civilization in western culture (more than 3000 words)

European culture has a long history. The culture of ancient Greece and Rome laid the foundation stone of ancient European civilization, and with the pure rational spirit of ancient Greece and the practical rational spirit of ancient Rome as the carrier, it created distinctive civilization achievements. This part briefly introduces the relationship between ancient Greek physical geography and ancient Greek culture, the political reform of ancient Rome and the formation of ancient Roman legal spirit. It is worth noting that students should further analyze the ancient Greek culture represented by Socrates, Plato and Aristotle, and have a good understanding of ancient Roman architecture, sculpture and art.

It has always been recognized in history that the Middle Ages were the dark ages of human civilization. Indeed, in the long Middle Ages, European culture developed slowly and was full of barbarism. However, as an important stage of European civilization, the Middle Ages played a very important role in European culture, especially during this period, the prosperity and unity of Christianity in Europe profoundly affected the process of human civilization. We need to have a cautious attitude and dialectical thinking about Christianity, especially about Christianity and the Renaissance.

Renaissance is actually not the "revival" of ancient western culture, but the germination and prosperity of modern capitalist culture. This is a glorious era in human history. It is an era that needs giants and produces giants. Whether it is art, philosophy, literature, astronomy, politics or other fields, it is an era in which people come forth in large numbers, as if the energy of human civilization and progress bred in the Middle Ages suddenly broke out. Learn this section. It is suggested that students can properly dabble in and understand the works of major figures in this period, such as Shakespeare's culture, Galileo's astronomy and physics, Leonardo da Vinci's painting art, MacFoley's politics, etc., in order to increase their perceptual knowledge of this period's culture.

The enlightenment era of western modern culture is an era of agitation of western modern thoughts. During this period, the development of capitalism generally rose. Western thinkers held high the banner of rationalism and set off the second stage of humanism. At the same time, thinkers represented by Montaigne and Montesquieu played an irreplaceable role in breaking through the fog of feudalism and medieval Christianity and pushing forward the wheel of human civilization. It is suggested that students can understand the enlightenment culture in connection with the development of modern British and American society when studying this part.

Humanism and scientism are two torrents of modern western culture. Modern western humanism is the inheritance and development of ancient western humanism, and at the same time gives her new connotation of the times. Modern western humanism criticizes the supremacy theory of scientism, fiercely criticizes rationalism and positively affirms irrationality. Their concern and discussion on human existence can inspire us. It is suggested that students can learn the original works of Sartre, Heidegger and others appropriately when studying this section, so as to enhance their theoretical reserves.

Most scientific achievements in modern society were invented in the 20th century, from 65438 to 2009. After the 20th century, scientism has become an important philosophical and social trend of thought in modern western countries, showing great power. The first generation of positivism, the second generation of positivism and logical positivism are the core of this trend of thought. It is suggested that students can further understand the western ideology and culture in this period by combining works such as history of science, philosophy of science and dialectics of nature.