Energy-saving scheme of hotel air conditioning

July and August are the period with the largest electricity consumption in a year, because the dog days are coming, and it's hot and hot ~

Are your air conditioner, watermelon, ice cream and WiFi ready?

With a pinch of your finger, the electricity bill has soared in the past two months. However, hotel people who can do business have solved the problem of electricity consumption from the source and reduced energy consumption by half!

Want to know what to do? Please see the following sharing:

According to the statistics of the relevant national authorities, the peak load of air conditioning and refrigeration in urban power grid is about 1/3, which makes the power consumption in many areas highly tense and often blackouts.

It is estimated that by 2020, the peak load of refrigeration power in China will reach 65.438+0.8 billion kilowatts, which is equivalent to the full load power of 654.38+00 Three Gorges power stations.

It can be seen that simply building power facilities to meet the air-conditioning demand makes many power generation and transmission and distribution facilities idle for most of the year, which not only consumes a lot of national funds and energy resources, but also increases environmental pollution, and the future is bound to be unsustainable.

However, if energy consumption is reduced from the demand side, the ever-increasing building energy consumption will be reduced by half, and then gradually reach the energy consumption level of developed countries, the construction scale of energy facilities such as coal mines and power stations can be greatly reduced, which is the fundamental solution for the benefit of future generations.

Hotel buildings are big consumers of air-conditioning energy. In fact, how to save energy in hotel air conditioning does not depend entirely on the choice of air conditioning equipment and air conditioning forms, but is closely related to many details of energy consumption design.

Compared with similar hotels, the energy consumption of hotels managed by the author is about half of that. The main experience is to start from the source, from the aspects of civil engineering design and air conditioning energy-saving design of hotels, so that hotels can become healthy and comfortable energy-saving buildings from the beginning.

In the annual energy consumption of high-end hotels, the consumption of air conditioning, refrigeration and heating is about 50% ~ 60%, and the consumption of lighting is 20% ~ 30%. About 20% ~ 50% of the energy consumption of air conditioning, heating and refrigeration is consumed by the cold and heat of the external envelope, so let's start with the external walls, doors, windows and roofs of the hotel.

First, the design of hotel envelope structure

(1) glass curtain wall. Because the glass curtain wall is not double-layer or hollow glass, area ratio of window to wall is the largest, and the energy consumption of hotels using glass curtain wall is amazing. It is suggested that hotels generally do not use glass curtain wall.

(2) Point window. The exterior wall of the hotel, especially the upper guest room, should adopt the point window method, that is, the glass windows of the room must be embedded in the three walls under the load-bearing beam and on the left and right sides, and the glass should be coated glass, heat reflective glass, insulating glass and other products with good heat insulation and sound insulation effects.

No matter whether there is a strong demand or not, single-layer glass cannot be used in the external windows of any hotel.

(3) Exterior wall glass on the first floor. The exterior wall glass of the lobby on the first floor of most hotels in China is basically single-layer glass. Although the glass is thickened, the heat insulation effect is still poor. It is recommended to use insulating glass.

(4) External wall insulation. Generally, the external wall accounts for the largest proportion of the hotel's external envelope, and the heat loss caused by wall heat transfer accounts for a large proportion of the whole building's heat loss.

In areas with hot summer and cold winter, hot summer and warm winter, under the strong radiation of the sun in summer, the external surface temperature can reach above 60℃, so the thermal insulation of the wall is an important part of the energy saving of the surrounding building.

The hotel is a building that needs all-weather air conditioning, so it is necessary to do external wall insulation for the building during construction, and try to do internal and external wall insulation if possible; If the external wall of the building needs to be decorated with wall tiles, internal insulation must be done.

If only internal insulation or external insulation is used, better materials must be used to ensure the quality of the project. Pay attention to the external wall insulation layer must meet the requirements of water tightness, wind pressure resistance and weather resistance to temperature and humidity changes, so that the wall will not crack, and can resist possible external collisions, and can also be properly treated with adjacent parts (such as doors and windows, through-wall pipes, etc.). ) and decoration in corners and surfaces.

(5) Room partition wall and floor insulation. If the insulation performance of partition wall and floor in non-air-conditioned room and air-conditioned room is too poor, the temperature difference between partition wall and floor will reach 20℃, and the cold and heat losses will be great.

Taking certain insulation measures on the partition wall and floor will not increase the cost, but the daily operating expenses of the hotel will be greatly reduced in the future.

(6) Roof insulation. Although the proportion of the roof in the whole hotel envelope area is much lower than that of the external wall, it is the largest proportion in the outer envelope structure for the penthouse room, which is equivalent to being surrounded by outdoor climate on five sides.

Whether it is the severe snow erosion in winter in the cold and cold areas in the north or the strong solar radiation in the cold and warm areas in the south of China, if the thermal insulation performance of the roof is poor, it will have a serious impact on the indoor thermal environment of the top floor room and the energy consumption of hotel air conditioning.

In order to improve the thermal insulation performance of the roof, attention should be paid to:

① Thermal insulation materials with small thermal conductivity and large thermal storage coefficient should be selected.

(2) According to the roof structure, environmental and climatic conditions, waterproof treatment methods and construction conditions, the thermal insulation materials should be selected appropriately.

(3) Determine the thickness of insulation layer reasonably, and pay attention to the arrangement of material layers, because different arrangement sequences also affect the thermal performance of the roof.

④ Insulation materials with high water absorption rate should not be selected.

(7) The air tightness of the external window. In order to resist the excessive penetration of outdoor air into the room in summer and winter, the air tightness of external windows has a great influence on the energy saving of hotel air conditioning.

From the opening mode, most of the casement windows made of various materials can meet the air tightness requirements, while about half of the sliding windows can not meet the air tightness standards due to their own structural disadvantages.

Therefore, if it is required to meet the air tightness requirements, the casement window can be guaranteed, while the sliding window should have higher requirements for manufacturing technology and related accessories. From the point of view of selecting the main profile, PVC plastic window is relatively airtight; The air tightness of color-coated steel windows is also good, but the thermal performance is poor.

(8) External entrances and exits on the first floor. The first floor of the hotel is the main passage for guests and employees to enter and leave, and it is also the place where the whole building is easily consumed by cold and heat. Therefore, there are as few entrances and exits as possible in the design, especially those that can directly convection, to avoid the formation of through flow, and all entrances and exits can be kept in a normally closed state.

(9) Revolving doors. Regardless of the scale and grade of the hotel, a revolving door should be set at the entrance of the lobby.

If economic conditions permit, it is best to set up an automatic revolving door with a diameter of 4.2m If funds are tight, you should also buy an automatic revolving door with a diameter of 3.6m This is really important for the insulation of the hotel lobby, and it is much better than setting a door bucket outside the door. Please remember that hotel investors, managers and designers.

Second, the hotel positioning design

The main orientation of the hotel should be the best orientation or close to the best orientation in the area, and try to avoid the east-west sunlight.

The design principle is:

In summer, we should pay attention to the layout of natural ventilation, reasonably determine the area and position of the opening part of the house, the installation and opening methods of doors and windows, and the structural measures of ventilation.

The author is not Mr. Feng Shui, but according to relevant data, it is found that the best orientation of hotels is facing south, not north, whether in cities in North China or Central China or in cities in the south.

Third, air conditioning pipe insulation

In order to reduce the cold and heat loss of air-conditioning pipes, the cold and hot water pipes and air-conditioning ducts that are most used for air-conditioning refrigeration and heating in hotel buildings should be insulated.

The most commonly used insulating materials are centrifugal glass wool and flexible foam rubber. The thickness of thermal insulation material is determined according to the diameters of water pipes and air pipes. If the pipe diameter is large, the insulation material is required to be thick.

Single cooling pipeline and flexible foam rubber-plastic cold-keeping pipeline should be based on the principle of no frost.

Fourth, the hotel room building height.

Hotel owners and architects should pay attention to the building height of guest rooms when doing architectural design. Five-star hotels can be 3.6m, four-star hotels can be 3.4m, and three-star or budget hotels can be 3. 1m, because the higher the building floor, the greater the energy consumption of air conditioning.

Five, the rational use of fresh air volume

Fresh air supply is the basic condition to ensure the hygiene requirements and comfort of guests. Because fresh air consumes a lot of energy, it must be used reasonably. Under the premise of not lowering the standard of guests' hygiene and comfort, reducing the fresh air volume as much as possible can achieve remarkable energy-saving effect.

On the contrary, if the outdoor air enthalpy is less than the indoor air enthalpy in the summer cooling period or transitional season, the fresh air volume can be increased, and even the natural cold source of outdoor air can be fully utilized, so as to reduce the running time of the refrigerator and achieve the purpose of energy saving.

In the transitional season, hotel rooms still need heating, but restaurants and dance halls often need refrigeration. At this time, the enthalpy of outdoor air is relatively low, so fresh air can be transported to restaurants and dance halls to cool down without using artificial cold sources.

Sixth, increase the water temperature in the refrigerator in summer.

According to the national air conditioning industry standard, the outlet water temperature of refrigeration unit should be between 7℃ and 9℃ in summer.

However, in the previous hotel management practice, the outlet water temperature of the refrigeration unit was controlled between 12 ~ 14℃ in summer, and the hotel saved considerable air-conditioning operation cost every year, but hotel guests did not complain about the air-conditioning quality.

What measures have we taken to ensure the standard of customer service?

(1) reasonably increase the cooling water quantity of the cooling tower. Design institutes generally calculate the cooling water quantity according to the design specifications of cooling towers, and the data obtained according to the calculation formula is multiplied by the safety factor 1. 1 ~ 1.2.

In fact, the cooling water quantity calculated in this way is often a waste of energy in actual operation, because it is calculated according to the outlet temperature of refrigeration unit between 7℃ and 9℃. If the outlet temperature is between 12℃ and 14℃, it can be achieved by setting a cooling tower with a larger cooling water volume.

(2) Reasonably increase the air volume of the fan coil unit. If the outlet water temperature of the refrigeration unit is between 12℃ and 14℃ in summer, and the comfort of the guests is not reduced, then it is impossible to calculate the required air volume of the fan coil according to the room area according to the relevant design specifications, but the safety factor of air volume should be appropriately increased.

In addition, in order to ensure the room air conditioning effect, the hotel is not allowed to use 12P low static pressure fan coil units, and must use at least 50P high static pressure fan coil units.

(3) Reasonably increase the air volume of the fan coil units located in the gables and top floor rooms of the hotel. Because these rooms account for the largest proportion of the outer envelope, their thermal insulation performance is relatively poor, so designers can not calculate the air volume of fan coil units according to the air volume formula of ordinary rooms.

In order to realize that the outlet water temperature of the refrigeration unit is between 12 ~ 14℃ in summer, guests will not complain, so it is necessary to increase the air volume of the fan coil on the basis of the air volume of ordinary rooms.

(4) Clean the fan coil regularly. Once the fan coil unit is not running smoothly or blocked, it will greatly affect the cooling and heating effect. Therefore, the hotel must regularly clean the water supply pipe and return pipe of the fan coil, especially the fan coil at the end of the air conditioner is extremely blocked, so it is necessary to focus on checking and cleaning the fan coil in this area.

Seven, kitchen, laundry exhaust system

According to the author's long-term tracking of hotel information, the ventilation and cooling effect of kitchens and laundry rooms in most hotels is not very good at present, which is generally reflected in the unbearable hot weather in summer, the heatstroke of chefs in front of the kitchen from time to time, and the laundry workers in front of the ironing machine often sweat profusely.

Therefore, some state-owned hotels, especially those managed by foreign hotel groups, have also installed central air conditioning in their kitchens and laundry rooms.

Although the working environment of the kitchen and laundry room has been completely improved, the energy consumption of hotel air conditioning is very large due to the particularity of the work in these two areas, so it is unwise to use central air conditioning in the kitchen and laundry room.

In fact, in addition to the cold dish room, the exhaust system can also be used to solve the high temperature problem in the kitchen and laundry room.

Generally, kitchens are located near restaurants and banquet halls. In order to prevent the hot air and smell of the kitchen from infiltrating into the dining room and banquet hall, it is required to keep the kitchen under negative pressure, which requires increasing the exhaust air volume of the kitchen.

In particular, local exhaust devices are designed in stoves, dishwashers, pastry rooms and rough machining areas, so that the generated hot air can be discharged from the kitchen in time, and the cold air from adjacent restaurants and banquet halls can penetrate into the kitchen by positive pressure. Because the load in the kitchen changes, a speed control switch should be installed on the exhaust device.

The exhaust system of the laundry room is to eliminate the hot and humid air in the laundry room and eliminate the sultry feeling of the laundry workers. As for the exhaust fan, it is recommended to use a low-noise oblique fan.

A laundry room with a well-designed exhaust system will not have a bad working environment.

Eight, laundry and boiler room waste heat recovery

In order to completely solve the problem of heat reduction in laundry room and boiler room, waste heat recovery devices can be designed in these two areas, and the recovered waste heat can be used for sanitary hot water in hotels, which can not only solve the environmental temperature of laundry room and boiler room, prolong the service life of equipment, but also save energy consumption of air conditioners and boilers.

Nine, the most economical use of air conditioning

Besides the detailed energy-saving design of air conditioning system and related parts, how to save air conditioning as much as possible for all hotel employees is the most important factor to save energy.

For example, the split air conditioner in the elevator room should be started and stopped flexibly according to the change of climate and temperature when it is used frequently in summer, and it should not be kept around the clock.

The start-stop time of air-conditioning host should be adjusted in time according to the activities of guests in various functional areas of the hotel and the indoor and outdoor temperatures. It is particularly important to note that the refrigerator may not be turned on immediately when it is hot outdoors, and the boiler heating may not be turned on immediately when it is cold outdoors.

Employees can turn off the air conditioner half an hour before cleaning the guest room or restaurant; Turn off the air conditioner half an hour before going to work in the office area.

As long as the hotel calls on employees to carry forward the spirit of ownership and summarizes the ideas of saving air-conditioning energy consumption according to the characteristics of their own departments, the air-conditioning cost will be greatly reduced.

The above points are just my accumulated experience in building and managing hotels over the years. Please try to see if they are suitable for the hotel where the readers are located. (This article is slightly abridged)

-The end-

About the author: Xin Chen, columnist of Swan Club. Member of Jiangsu Branch of Chinese Writers Association. From 1998 to 20 16, he served as the general manager of several high-star hotels. 20 16, general consultant of Fang Ting (hongkong) hotel management company, hotel consultant of Hunan, Sichuan, Jiangsu and other provinces. Published 18 translations and monographs.