Please tell me the detailed road map of the Maritime Silk Road and the Land Silk Road.

The Silk Road is a trade and transportation route across Europe and Asia in history. China is the hometown of silk. In the trade through this route, silk is the most representative commodity exported by China. /kloc-In the second half of the 9th century, German geographer Richthofen called this land transportation route "Silk Road". Since then, historians at home and abroad have agreed with this statement, which is still in use today.

After Zhang Qian passed through the western regions, it officially opened the land passage from China to Europe and Africa. This road starts from Chang 'an, the capital of the Western Han Dynasty, passes through the Hexi Corridor, and then divides into two routes: one starts from Yangguan, passes through Shanshan, goes west along the northern foot of Kunlun Mountain, passes through shache, goes west through Qingji, leaves Dayuejia, goes to rest, goes west through the plough (jiān, now Alexandria, Egypt, annexed by the Roman Empire in 30 BC), or enters the body from the south of Da Yue. The other one goes out of Yumenguan, passes through the former Cheshi country, goes west along the southern foot of Tianshan Mountain, goes out of Shule, crosses Qingji in the west, crosses Daguan Bay, and reaches Kangju and Chae Yeon (nomadic in the northwest of Kangju in the Western Han Dynasty, that is, the grassland in the North Caspian Sea, and belongs to Kangju in the Eastern Han Dynasty).

Maritime?Silk?Road

The Maritime Silk Road refers to the maritime traffic route between China and other parts of the world. China's silk is not only exported to countries in Central Asia, West Asia, Africa and Europe through transcontinental land transportation lines, but also exported to countries all over the world through maritime transportation lines. Therefore, after German geographer Richthofen named the land traffic route across the east and west as the Silk Road, some scholars further extended it and named the maritime traffic route between the east and the west as the Maritime Silk Road. Later, China's famous ceramics were also sold to other countries through this maritime traffic route, and western incense medicines were also imported into China through this route, so some scholars called this maritime traffic route the Ceramic Road or the Fragrant Porcelain Road.

The Maritime Silk Road was formed in the period of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. Sailing westward from China, the South China Sea route is the main line of the Maritime Silk Road. At the same time, there is an East China Sea route from China to the Korean Peninsula and the Japanese archipelago, which occupies a secondary position in the Maritime Silk Road.

With regard to the South China Sea route of the Silk Road in Han Dynasty, Geography of Han Dynasty recorded the voyage that Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty sent envoys and businessmen to the sea for trade, saying that they started from Rinan (now central Vietnam) or Xuwen (now Guangdong) and Hepu (now Guangxi), went south along the east coast of Indo-China Peninsula, and arrived in Du Yuan (now Di City in southern Vietnam) for five months. After four months' voyage, it arrived in Lu Yi (now a Buddhist sect in Thailand) at the mouth of Chao Phraya River. After that, he went south along the east coast of Malay Peninsula and arrived in Li Zhan (now Bashu, Thailand) more than 20 days later. He abandoned the ship and landed here, crossed the isthmus, walked 10 for more than 0 days, and arrived in the capital Lu (now Dana Shalin, Myanmar). Then he boarded the ship and sailed west in the Indian Ocean. After more than two months, I arrived at Huang Zhiguo (now Kangchepland on the southeast coast of India). After returning home, I went down to Putrajaya (now Sri Lanka) from the south of the Yellow River, and then sailed directly to the east. Eight months later, I arrived in Malacca Strait, anchored in Pizong (now Pisan Island in western Singapore), and finally sailed for more than two months, from Pizong to Xianglin County in Rinan County (Chaqiao is located in the south of Weichuan County in Vietnam).

The Silk Road is a vivid and appropriate name. In the ancient world, only China was the first country to grow mulberry, raise silkworms and produce silk products. Archaeological discoveries in China in recent years show that silk production technology has developed to a fairly high level from Shang Dynasty to Warring States Period. China's silk products are still one of the most important products that China has dedicated to the people of the world. They spread widely, covering the contribution of China people to world civilization. Therefore, for many years, many researchers have tried to give this road another name, such as the jade road, the gem road, the Buddhist road, the ceramic road and so on. However, all of them can only reflect a certain part of the Silk Road. After all, they cannot replace the name "Silk Road".

The basic trend of the Silk Road was formed in the Han Dynasty around AD. It starts from Chang 'an (Jin 'an), the capital of the Western Han Dynasty, or Luoyang, the capital of the Eastern Han Dynasty, passes through Longxi or Guyuan westbound to Jincheng (now Lanzhou), then passes through Wuwei, Zhangye, Jiuquan and Dunhuang counties in the Hexi Corridor, exits Yumenguan or Yangguan, and passes through Bailongdui to Loulan, Lop Nur. In the Han Dynasty, the Western Regions were divided into South Road and North Road, and the two roads diverged in Loulan. To the north, it passes through Quli (now Korla), Qiuci (now Kuqa) and Gu Mo (now Aksu) to Shule (now Kashgar). South Road starts from Shanshan (now Ruoqiang) and passes through Qiemo, Jingjue (now Minfeng Niya Site), Khotan (now Hotan), Pishan and shache to Shule. From Shule to the west, across Congling (now Pamir) to Dawan (now Fergana). From here, we can go west to Daxia (now Afghanistan), Sogdian (now Uzbekistan), Rest in Peace (now Iran), and as far as the plowshare in Daqin (the eastern part of the Roman Empire) (also known as Li Xuan, in Alexandria, Egypt). The other road runs from the southwest of Pishan, crossing the crossing (now Darier, Pakistan), passing through Cobin (now Kabul, Afghanistan) and Wuyishan (now Sistan), and heading southwest to Tiaozhi (now the head of Persian Gulf). If you go south from Bin to India (now Karachi, Pakistan), you can also reach Persia and Rome by sea. This is the basic trunk line of the Silk Road formed after Zhang Qian made two missions to the Western Regions in the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. In other words, the narrow Silk Road refers to the above-mentioned roads.

The Silk Road in history is not static. With the change of geographical environment and the evolution of political and religious situation, some new roads are constantly opened up, and some roads have changed or even been abandoned. For example, Bailongdui between Dunhuang and Lop Nur is a Ya Dan terrain, which often disorients travelers. In the early Eastern Han Dynasty, the northern Xiongnu on the Mongolian plateau was defeated and forced to move westward. After the Central Plains dynasty firmly occupied Yiwu (now Hami), it opened up a "new road to the north" from Dunhuang to Yiwu. From Yiwu via Gaochang (now Turpan) and Yanqi to Qiuci, it meets the former Silk Road North Road. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the north and the south of China were antagonistic, and the east and the west in the north were also harmonious. Under such circumstances, the exchanges between the Southern Dynasties, Song Dynasty, Qi Dynasty, Liang Dynasty and Chen Dynasty and the Western Regions were mostly along the Yangtze River to Yizhou (now Chengdu), then to Longhe (now Songpan) in the north, passing through Tuguhun Capital on the shore of Qinghai Lake, passing through Qaidam Basin to Dunhuang in the west, and meeting with the main road of the Silk Road. Or cross the Altun Mountain Pass to the west, enter the Shanshan area of the Western Region, and meet with Silu South Road. This road is called "Tugu Hundao" or "Henan Road", and today people also call it "Qinghai Road". From the Central Plains or the north of Hexi Corridor to the Mongolian Plateau, then to the northern foot of Tianshan Mountain in the west, across the Ili River to the broken leaves (near tokmak today), and into Central Asia. This road was later called "Beixin Road", which was very prosperous during the Mongol Khanate and the Yuan Dynasty.

Apart from the Silk Road on land, from the Han Dynasty, China people opened a waterway from Guangdong to India. After the Song Dynasty, with the further development of southern China and the shift of the economic center of gravity to the south, the sea routes from Guangzhou, Quanzhou, Hangzhou and other places became increasingly developed, going further and further, from Nanyang to the Arabian Sea and even as far as the east coast of Africa. People call these maritime trade routes "Maritime Silk Road".

Let me put it this way:

The Silk Road refers to the land passage opened by Zhang Qian in the Western Han Dynasty (202 -8 BC) from Chang 'an (Jin 'an) to Central Asia and West Asia via Gansu and Xinjiang, connecting Mediterranean countries (this road is also called "Northwest Silk Road" to distinguish it from the other two traffic routes later named "Silk Road"). Because silk products have the greatest influence on the goods transported to the west, it is named. Its basic trend was set in the Han Dynasty, including three routes: South Road, Middle Road and North Road.

The Silk Road in a broad sense refers to the long-distance commercial, trade and cultural exchange routes that have been formed since ancient times and spread all over Eurasia, even including North Africa and East Africa. In addition to the above routes, it also includes the Maritime Silk Road, which was formed in the Southern and Northern Dynasties and played a great role in the late Ming Dynasty, and the Southern Silk Road, which appeared at the same time as the Northwest Silk Road and replaced the Northwest Silk Road as a communication channel on the road at the end of Yuan Dynasty.

The word "die Seidenstrasse" originated from China published by German geographer ferdinand von richthofen in 1877, sometimes referred to as the Silk Road for short.

Although the Silk Road is the product of the economic and trade development promoted by countries along the route, many people think that Zhang Qian in China has opened a new era of Sino-foreign exchanges twice. And successfully opened the last bead curtain between East and West. Since then, this route has been stepped out of the "national highway", and ambassadors and businessmen from all countries have poured in along the road opened by Zhang Qian. From princes and nobles to beggars and prisoners, the most famous is that Ban Chao once again passed through the Western Regions and Xuanzang to learn from India. They all left footprints on this road. This east-west passage closely links the Central Plains and the Western Regions with Arabia and the Persian Gulf. After centuries of continuous efforts, the Silk Road has extended westward to the Mediterranean Sea. Broadly speaking, the eastern section of the Silk Road reached South Korea and Japan, and the western section reached France and the Netherlands. Italy and Egypt can also be reached by sea, becoming the road of friendship for economic and cultural exchanges between Asia, Europe and Africa.

The great navigator Zheng He (137 1- 1435) is a world-famous China navigator. During the twenty-eight years from the third year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty (1405) to the eighth year of Xuande (1433), he led a huge fleet, went to sea for seven times, traveled to more than 30 countries in Asia and Africa, reached Mambasa (now Mombasa, Kenya), the farthest point south of the fourth latitude in East Africa, and trekked more than 70,000 nautical miles, which was equivalent to Zheng He's smooth sailing career in China. At the same time, it also stimulated the development of shipbuilding industry in China, improved people's navigation technology, enriched people's geographical knowledge, and wrote an extremely glorious page in China's overseas traffic history and world navigation history.

The time of Zheng He's seven voyages to the Western Ocean: the first time, in May of the third year of Yongle (1405), "China official Zheng He went to the Western Ocean"; In September of five years (1407), Ren Zi, "eunuch Zheng He sent western countries back to Chen Zuyi, pirates, etc." . The second time, Yongle returned to China in five years and was ordered to go to the Western Ocean shortly after, and Yongle returned to China in seven years (1409). Then he was ordered to send envoys for the third time, and went to B( 14 1 1) in June of the ninth year of Yongle to "repay Zheng He, the official in charge, and present Alexander, the captured king of Ceylon Mountain, and his family". The fourth time, according to the records of Ming Taizu Chengzu (86 years), in Yongle 10 (14 12), "Bing Shen sent eunuch Zheng He and others to give things like Vitex negundo, Java and silk to other countries." In fact, Zheng He was stationed in Shiyang Street, Changle County, and built Nanshan Palace in Changle as a place for loyal ministers to pray for news. In the second year (14 13), Sanfeng Pagoda Temple in Nanshan, Changle was rebuilt. In April, "People who went out of Shaanxi and sought to be translated back to the language to help communicate were taught by xi 'an Shi Yang Grand Mosque. "Until this winter, Zheng Hecai led sailors to countries such as Hulu Hume. In the 13th year of Yongle (14 15), in July, "Zheng He and other countries returned to the west for the fourth time. In September, Yin Yan and Zheng Hexian won Su Men's first stabbing thief and Su Gan's stabbing, which means they left. "For the fifth time, on May 6, Yongle 15 (14 17), Zheng He burned incense and held a memorial ceremony in the holy tomb of Lingshan, Islam in Quanzhou. Soon after, he ordered the sailors to sail to the western ocean. In the seventeenth year of Yongle (14 19), in the afternoon of July, the "returning to the West" was rewarded by Cheng Zu. The sixth time, in the nineteenth year of Yongle (142 1), he ascended the throne in the first month, "Zheng He and others made their sixth mission to the western countries"; In August of the 20th year of Yongle (1422), Ren Yin said: "Zheng He, an official of China, sent various countries to return to Li, and Siam, Suman, Adan and other countries learned that they sent envoys to pay tribute. "The seventh time, Xuande five years (1430), Wu Yin," sent eunuchs Zheng He and others to various countries ". At this time, Zheng He was in his prime. After the imperial edict of Xuanzong was issued, Zheng He did not go immediately. In the first month of the following year (143 1), Fan Tong Deeds Monument was published in Tianfei Palace, Liujiagang, Taicang. 1 1 month, published "Tian Fei Monument" and "Stay in Portsmouth until the north wind starts to shine" in Nanshan Temple, Changle. It was not until this year's1February 9 that he led the fleet out of Wuhumen and officially set sail. In the eighth year of Xuande (1433), the 63-year-old man "returned to seventeen countries on behalf of Khrushchev". Soon, about the tenth year of Xuande (1435), he passed away silently in Nanjing at the age of 65.

Zheng He's tomb is located at the southern foot of Niushou Mountain, 300 meters long from north to south, 60 meters wide from east to west and about 8 meters high. The tomb was built in Islamic style. The whole mausoleum is in the shape of "Hui", and the steps in front of the tomb have four groups, seven floors and twenty-eight levels, which means that Zheng He visited more than forty countries and regions for seven times, which lasted for twenty-eight years. Zheng He's tomb is commonly called "Horse Tomb" by local people. Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, their descendants have lived next to each other from generation to generation, and have come here regularly to offer sacrifices without interruption.

Responder: baiig- Magic Apprentice Level 1 1-9 18:45.

Zhenghe Park was founded in 1953, formerly known as Taiping Park. On May 3rd 1985, it was renamed Zhenghe Park to commemorate the 80th anniversary of Zheng He's voyage to the West.

Zhenghe Park is located on the east side of the middle section of Taiping South Road in baixia district, covering an area of 2.2 hectares, with a building area of 2 100 square meter. There are antique double-support pavilions, elegant cloisters and quadrangle-style Zheng He Memorial Hall in the park.

The great navigator Zheng He (137 1- 1435) is a world-famous China navigator. During the twenty-eight years from the third year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty (1405) to the eighth year of Xuande (1433), he led a huge fleet, went to sea for seven times, traveled to more than 30 countries in Asia and Africa, reached Mambasa (now Mombasa, Kenya), the farthest point south of the fourth latitude in East Africa, and trekked more than 70,000 nautical miles, which was equivalent to Zheng He's smooth sailing career in China. At the same time, it also stimulated the development of shipbuilding industry in China, improved people's navigation technology, enriched people's geographical knowledge, and wrote an extremely glorious page in China's overseas traffic history and world navigation history.

The time of Zheng He's seven voyages to the Western Ocean: the first time, in May of the third year of Yongle (1405), "China official Zheng He went to the Western Ocean"; In September of five years (1407), Ren Zi, "eunuch Zheng He sent western countries back to Chen Zuyi, pirates, etc." . The second time, Yongle returned to China in five years and was ordered to go to the Western Ocean shortly after, and Yongle returned to China in seven years (1409). Then he was ordered to send envoys for the third time, and went to B( 14 1 1) in June of the ninth year of Yongle to "repay Zheng He, the official in charge, and present Alexander, the captured king of Ceylon Mountain, and his family". The fourth time, according to the records of Ming Taizu Chengzu (86 years), in Yongle 10 (14 12), "Bing Shen sent eunuch Zheng He and others to give things like Vitex negundo, Java and silk to other countries." In fact, Zheng He was stationed in Shiyang Street, Changle County, and built Nanshan Palace in Changle as a place for loyal ministers to pray for news. In the second year (14 13), Sanfeng Pagoda Temple in Nanshan, Changle was rebuilt. In April, "People who went out of Shaanxi and sought to be translated back to the language to help communicate were taught by xi 'an Shi Yang Grand Mosque. "Until this winter, Zheng Hecai led sailors to countries such as Hulu Hume. In the 13th year of Yongle (14 15), in July, "Zheng He and other countries returned to the west for the fourth time. In September, Yin Yan and Zheng Hexian won Su Men's first stabbing thief and Su Gan's stabbing, which means they left. "For the fifth time, on May 6, Yongle 15 (14 17), Zheng He burned incense and held a memorial ceremony in the holy tomb of Lingshan, Islam in Quanzhou. Soon after, he ordered the sailors to sail to the western ocean. In the seventeenth year of Yongle (14 19), in the afternoon of July, the "returning to the West" was rewarded by Cheng Zu. The sixth time, in the nineteenth year of Yongle (142 1), he ascended the throne in the first month, "Zheng He and others made their sixth mission to the western countries"; In August of the 20th year of Yongle (1422), Ren Yin said: "Zheng He, an official of China, sent various countries to return to Li, and Siam, Suman, Adan and other countries learned that they sent envoys to pay tribute. "The seventh time, Xuande five years (1430), Wu Yin," sent eunuchs Zheng He and others to various countries ". At this time, Zheng He was in his prime. After the imperial edict of Xuanzong was issued, Zheng He did not go immediately. In the first month of the following year (143 1), Fan Tong Deeds Monument was published in Tianfei Palace, Liujiagang, Taicang. 1 1 month, published "Tian Fei Monument" and "Stay in Portsmouth until the north wind starts to shine" in Nanshan Temple, Changle. It was not until this year's1February 9 that he led the fleet out of Wuhumen and officially set sail. In the eighth year of Xuande (1433), the 63-year-old man "returned to seventeen countries on behalf of Khrushchev". Soon, about the tenth year of Xuande (1435), he passed away silently in Nanjing at the age of 65.

Zheng He's tomb is located at the southern foot of Niushou Mountain, 300 meters long from north to south, 60 meters wide from east to west and about 8 meters high. The tomb was built in Islamic style. The whole mausoleum is in the shape of "Hui", and the steps in front of the tomb have four groups, seven floors and twenty-eight levels, which means that Zheng He visited more than forty countries and regions for seven times, which lasted for twenty-eight years. Zheng He's tomb is commonly called "Horse Tomb" by local people. Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, their descendants have lived next to each other from generation to generation, and have come here regularly to offer sacrifices without interruption.

Responder: baiig- Magic Apprentice Level 1 1-9 18:45.

Silk Road:

The Silk Road is a trade and transportation route across Europe and Asia in history. China is the hometown of silk. In the trade through this route, silk is the most representative commodity exported by China. /kloc-In the second half of the 9th century, German geographer Richthofen called this land transportation route "Silk Road". Since then, historians at home and abroad have agreed with this statement, which is still in use today.

After Zhang Qian passed through the western regions, it officially opened the land passage from China to Europe and Africa. This road starts from Chang 'an, the capital of the Western Han Dynasty, passes through the Hexi Corridor, and then divides into two routes: one starts from Yangguan, passes through Shanshan, goes west along the northern foot of Kunlun Mountain, passes through shache, goes west through Qingji, leaves Dayuejia, goes to rest, goes west through the plough (jiān, now Alexandria, Egypt, annexed by the Roman Empire in 30 BC), or enters the body from the south of Da Yue. The other one goes out of Yumenguan, passes through the former Cheshi country, goes west along the southern foot of Tianshan Mountain, goes out of Shule, crosses Qingji in the west, crosses Daguan Bay, and reaches Kangju and Chae Yeon (nomadic in the northwest of Kangju in the Western Han Dynasty, that is, the grassland in the North Caspian Sea, and belongs to Kangju in the Eastern Han Dynasty).

Maritime?Silk?Road

The Maritime Silk Road refers to the maritime traffic route between China and other parts of the world. China's silk is not only exported to countries in Central Asia, West Asia, Africa and Europe through transcontinental land transportation lines, but also exported to countries all over the world through maritime transportation lines. Therefore, after German geographer Richthofen named the land traffic route across the east and west as the Silk Road, some scholars further extended it and named the maritime traffic route between the east and the west as the Maritime Silk Road. Later, China's famous ceramics were also sold to other countries through this maritime traffic route, and western incense medicines were also imported into China through this route, so some scholars also called this maritime traffic route the Ceramic Road or the Fragrant Porcelain Road.

The Maritime Silk Road was formed in the period of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. Sailing westward from China, the South China Sea route is the main line of the Maritime Silk Road. At the same time, there is an East China Sea route from China to the Korean Peninsula and the Japanese archipelago, which occupies a secondary position in the Maritime Silk Road.

With regard to the South China Sea route of the Silk Road in Han Dynasty, Geography of Han Dynasty recorded the voyage that Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty sent envoys and businessmen to the sea for trade, saying that they started from Rinan (now central Vietnam) or Xuwen (now Guangdong) and Hepu (now Guangxi), went south along the east coast of Indo-China Peninsula, and arrived in Du Yuan (now Di City in southern Vietnam) in five months. After four months' voyage, it arrived in Lu Yi (now a Buddhist sect in Thailand) at the mouth of Chao Phraya River. After that, he went south along the east coast of Malay Peninsula and arrived in Li Zhan (now Bashu, Thailand) more than 20 days later. He abandoned the ship and landed here, crossed the isthmus, walked 10 for more than 0 days, and arrived in the capital Lu (now Dana Shalin, Myanmar). Then he boarded the ship and sailed west in the Indian Ocean. After more than two months, I arrived at Huang Zhiguo (now Kangchepland on the southeast coast of India). After returning home, I went down to Putrajaya (now Sri Lanka) from the south of the Yellow River, and then sailed directly to the east. Eight months later, I arrived in Malacca Strait, anchored in Pizong (now Pisan Island in western Singapore), and finally sailed for more than two months, from Pizong to Xianglin County in Rinan County (Chaqiao is located in the south of Weichuan County in Vietnam).

The Silk Road is a vivid and appropriate name. In the ancient world, only China was the first country to grow mulberry, raise silkworms and produce silk products. Archaeological discoveries in China in recent years show that silk production technology has developed to a fairly high level from Shang Dynasty to Warring States Period. China's silk products are still one of the most important products that China has dedicated to the people of the world. They spread widely, covering the contribution of China people to world civilization. Therefore, over the years, many researchers have tried to give this road another name, such as the jade road, the gem road, the Buddhist road, the ceramic road and so on. However, all of them can only reflect a certain part of the Silk Road. After all, they cannot replace the name "Silk Road".

The basic trend of the Silk Road was formed in the Han Dynasty around AD. It starts from Chang 'an (Jin 'an), the capital of the Western Han Dynasty, or Luoyang, the capital of the Eastern Han Dynasty, passes through Longxi or Guyuan westbound to Jincheng (now Lanzhou), then passes through Wuwei, Zhangye, Jiuquan and Dunhuang counties in the Hexi Corridor, exits Yumenguan or Yangguan, and passes through Bailongdui to Loulan, Lop Nur. In the Han Dynasty, the Western Regions were divided into South Road and North Road, and the two roads diverged in Loulan. To the north, it passes through Quli (now Korla), Qiuci (now Kuqa) and Gu Mo (now Aksu) to Shule (now Kashgar). South Road starts from Shanshan (now Ruoqiang) and passes through Qiemo, Jingjue (now Minfeng Niya Site), Khotan (now Hotan), Pishan and shache to Shule. From Shule to the west, across Congling (now Pamir) to Dawan (now Fergana). From here, we can go west to Daxia (now Afghanistan), Sogdian (now Uzbekistan), Rest in Peace (now Iran), and as far as the plowshare in Daqin (the eastern part of the Roman Empire) (also known as Li Xuan, in Alexandria, Egypt). The other road runs from the southwest of Pishan, crossing the crossing (now Darier, Pakistan), passing through Cobin (now Kabul, Afghanistan) and Wuyishan (now Sistan), and heading southwest to Tiaozhi (now the head of Persian Gulf). If you go south from Bin to India (now Karachi, Pakistan), you can also reach Persia and Rome by sea. This is the basic trunk line of the Silk Road formed after Zhang Qian made two missions to the Western Regions in the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. In other words, the narrow Silk Road refers to the above-mentioned roads.

The Silk Road in history is not static. With the change of geographical environment and the evolution of political and religious situation, some new roads are constantly opened up, and some roads have changed or even been abandoned. For example, Bailongdui between Dunhuang and Lop Nur is a Ya Dan terrain, which often disorients travelers. In the early Eastern Han Dynasty, the northern Xiongnu on the Mongolian plateau was defeated and forced to move westward. After the Central Plains dynasty firmly occupied Yiwu (now Hami), it opened up a "new road to the north" from Dunhuang to Yiwu. From Yiwu via Gaochang (now Turpan) and Yanqi to Qiuci, it meets the former Silk Road North Road. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the north and the south of China were antagonistic, and the east and the west in the north were also harmonious. Under such circumstances, the communication between Southern Dynasties, Song Dynasty, Qi Dynasty, Liang Dynasty and Chen Dynasty and the Western Regions was mostly along the Yangtze River to Yizhou (now Chengdu), then to Longhe (now Songpan) in the north, passing through Tuguhun Capital on the shore of Qinghai Lake, passing through Qaidam Basin to Dunhuang in the west, and meeting with the main road of the Silk Road. Or cross the Altun Mountain Pass to the west, enter the Shanshan area of the Western Region, and meet with Silu South Road. This road is called "Tugu Hundao" or "Henan Road", and today people also call it "Qinghai Road". From the Central Plains or the north of Hexi Corridor to the Mongolian Plateau, then to the northern foot of Tianshan Mountain in the west, across the Ili River to the broken leaves (near tokmak today), and into Central Asia. This road was later called "Beixin Road", which was very prosperous during the Mongol Khanate and the Yuan Dynasty.

Apart from the Silk Road on land, from the Han Dynasty, China people opened a waterway from Guangdong to India. After the Song Dynasty, with the further development of southern China and the shift of the economic center of gravity to the south, the sea routes from Guangzhou, Quanzhou, Hangzhou and other places have become increasingly developed, going further and further, from Nanyang to the Arabian Sea, and even as far as the east coast of Africa. People call these maritime trade routes "Maritime Silk Road".

Let me put it this way:

The Silk Road refers to the land passage opened by Zhang Qian in the Western Han Dynasty (202 -8 BC) from Chang 'an (Jin 'an) to Central Asia and West Asia via Gansu and Xinjiang, connecting Mediterranean countries (this road is also called "Northwest Silk Road" to distinguish it from the other two traffic routes later named "Silk Road"). Because silk products have the greatest influence on the goods transported to the west, it is named. Its basic trend was set in the Han Dynasty, including three routes: South Road, Middle Road and North Road.

The Silk Road in a broad sense refers to the long-distance commercial, trade and cultural exchange routes that have been formed since ancient times and spread all over Eurasia, even including North Africa and East Africa. In addition to the above routes, it also includes the Maritime Silk Road, which was formed in the Southern and Northern Dynasties and played a great role in the late Ming Dynasty, and the Southern Silk Road, which appeared at the same time as the Northwest Silk Road and replaced the Northwest Silk Road as a communication channel on the road at the end of Yuan Dynasty.

The word "die Seidenstrasse" originated from China published by German geographer ferdinand von richthofen in 1877, sometimes referred to as the Silk Road for short.

Although the Silk Road is the product of the economic and trade development promoted by countries along the route, many people think that Zhang Qian in China has opened a new era of Sino-foreign exchanges twice. And successfully opened the last bead curtain between East and West. Since then, this route has been stepped out of the "national highway", and ambassadors and businessmen from all countries have poured in along the road opened by Zhang Qian. From princes and nobles to beggars and prisoners, the most famous is that Ban Chao once again passed through the Western Regions and Xuanzang to learn from India. They all left footprints on this road. This east-west passage closely links the Central Plains and the Western Regions with Arabia and the Persian Gulf. After centuries of continuous efforts, the Silk Road has extended westward to the Mediterranean Sea. Broadly speaking, the eastern section of the Silk Road reached South Korea and Japan, and the western section reached France and the Netherlands. Italy and Egypt can also reach by sea, becoming economic and cultural exchanges between Asia, Europe and Africa.