What are the historical places of interest in Henan Province?

1) Important ancient cultural sites 1. Nanzhao Man: The fossils of Homo hominin discovered in Nanzhao County, Nanyang, Henan Province prove that humans lived in Henan about 500,000 to 600,000 years ago. 2. Xuchang Man: An ancient human fossil dating back about 100,000 years was discovered in Xuchang, Henan in 2007. Its discovery, combined with other sites, provides certain evidence that the Chinese did not originate in Africa. 3. Jiahu Site: About 9,000 years ago, it is located in Wuyang, Henan. Several of the world’s earliest civilization achievements, including the world’s earliest musical instruments, the world’s earliest wine, and the world’s earliest written-like deed symbols, were discovered here. , a sensation in the world, and is considered to be "the first threshold for mankind to move from ignorance to civilization." 4. Peiligang Culture: About 8,000 years ago, it was named after it was discovered in Peiligang Village, Xinzheng, Henan. It is one of the sources of Chinese civilization. 5. Taihao Mausoleum: About 7,000 years ago, it is located in Huaiyang County, Zhoukou, Henan Province. It is the mausoleum of Taihao Fuxi, the first of the Three Emperors, and the first of the 18 famous mausoleums in China. It was first built in the Spring and Autumn Period and expanded. In the Tang and Song Dynasties, it was perfected in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and emperors of all dynasties performed imperial sacrifices 51 times. Huaiyang was called "Wanqiu" in ancient times. It was the capital and resting place of Fuxi and the capital of Shennong. It is considered the birthplace of Chinese surname culture, farming culture and dragon totem. It is the ancestral home of the Huaxia and Dongyi peoples. *The same holy place. 6. Yangshao Culture: About 5,000 to 7,000 years ago, named after its discovery in Yangshao Village, Sanmenxia, ??Henan. This is the most widespread and typical ancient culture of the same period. The archaeological excavation of Yangshao Village is also the beginning of modern Chinese archeology. 7. Hometown of the Yellow Emperor: Xinzheng, Henan is recognized by domestic historians as the place where Emperor Xuanyuan, the first of the Five Emperors, was born, founded his business and established his capital. Since the Spring and Autumn Period, Chinese people have begun to worship the Yellow Emperor, the founder of humanity, at Xuanyuan Qiu in Xinzheng, and this continues to this day. The "Ancestor Worship Ceremony in the Hometown of the Yellow Emperor" has also become the largest ceremony in China due to its widespread recognition by Chinese people all over the world, playing an increasingly important role in improving the cohesion of the Chinese nation. 8. Erlitou Culture: About 4,000 years ago, it was named after its discovery in Erlitou, Yanshi, Luoyang. It is considered by academic circles to be the capital of the Xia Dynasty. China's earliest bronze ritual vessels were unearthed here. 9. Zhengzhou Mall: Located in today’s urban area of ??Zhengzhou, it was an important capital in the early Shang Dynasty. This is one of the reasons why Zhengzhou became an ancient capital. 10. Anyang Yin Ruins: The discovery of the world's largest bronzes and oracle bones caused a sensation in the world. It is ranked first among the top 10 archaeological discoveries of mankind in the 20th century. The Yin Ruins have also become a world cultural heritage without any controversy. Oracle bone script is a relatively mature script with about 5,000 commonly used characters. It is the only script that has been handed down among the four oldest scripts in the world. During the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, our country will build the world's only writing museum - the Chinese Writing Museum in Anyang. 11. White Horse Temple: Located in Luoyang, it was built in the Eastern Han Dynasty. It is the first government-run temple built after Buddhism was introduced to China. It is a powerful testimony of cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries. 12. Longmen Grottoes: Located in Luoyang, they were excavated after the Northern Wei Dynasty moved its capital to Luoyang. It is not only a product of cultural exchanges between ethnic minorities and Han nationalities, but also a product of Longmen Grottoes of cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries. Especially the Lucena Buddha in Fengxian Temple, its "Oriental Smile" perfectly combines divinity and humanity, masculinity and femininity, and has extremely high artistic value. The Longmen Grottoes are also listed as a world cultural heritage due to their artistic value and historical significance. 13. Shaolin Temple: Located in Dengfeng, it is the birthplace of Zen Buddhism and Shaolin martial arts. After Buddhism was introduced to China, Shaolin monks integrated it with China's native Confucian and Taoist ideas and founded Zen. Zen Buddhism is a Chinese version of Buddhism. It has spread rapidly to all parts of the country and surrounding Japan, North Korea, South Korea and Southeast Asia. It has had a profound impact on Chinese history and Japanese flower arrangement, tea ceremony, judo, samurai, etc. Shaolin martial arts is the best in the world, and the world's kung fu comes from Shaolin. Shaolin monks absorbed the great achievements of martial arts from all over the world through exchanges and summarized more than 700 unique martial arts skills such as Shaolin Boxing, Shaolin Stick, Yi Jin Jing, and Tiebu Shi. They had a profound impact on other martial arts schools. Only Shaolin Boxing is derived. There are forty or fifty kinds of boxing skills. Shaolin's active participation in the WTO has closely connected it with Chinese history. It has played an important role in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Sui Dynasty, Tang Dynasty, Northern Song Dynasty and Ming Dynasty. Shaolin Temple has also become "the most famous temple in the world" because of its social responsibility. As a result, Shaolin martial arts was broadcast to all directions and further developed and expanded in actual combat.

Shaolin's advancement with the times, openness and active participation in the world have kept it very vital. Today, after many hardships, Zen Buddhism and Shaolin martial arts are still full of vitality. Today's Shaolin monks have integrated modern culture such as the Internet and marketing into Shaolin culture, making Shaolin quickly go global. Shaolin has become a model for Chinese culture to go global, and has also become synonymous with Chinese culture to a large extent. 14. Zhongyue Temple: Located in Songshan Mountain, it is the largest Taoist building complex among the Five Famous Mountains, with 514 ancient buildings. The Zhongyue Temple was first built in the Qin Dynasty. Later, emperors such as Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Wu Zetian and Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty expanded it after imitating the imperial palace. The existing Zhongyue Temple was built by Emperor Qianlong in imitation of the Forbidden City in Beijing. Because it resembles the Forbidden City, it is known as the "Forbidden City in the Mountains". The Five Famous Mountains are sealed by Taoism, and the Zhongyue Temple is the largest Taoist building in the Five Famous Mountains, so the Zhongyue Temple is considered a symbol of Songshan's status. 15. Songyang Academy: Located in Songshan, Dengfeng, it is one of the four major academies in the Song Dynasty. Great Confucian scholars such as Fan Zhongyan, Cheng Yi, Cheng Hao, and Sima Guang once gave lectures here. Part of Sima Guang's "Zi Zhi Tong Jian" was written here. Here near Luoyang, Ercheng integrated Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism in this area, and initially founded Neo-Confucianism, which would influence China for the next 800 years. 16. Yingtian Academy: Located in Suiyang District, Shangqiu (called Yingtian Mansion in the Northern Song Dynasty), it was one of the four major academies in the Song Dynasty. "Students come from thousands of miles away" and "scholars from far and near return here", which refers to Yingtian Academy. Fan Zhongyan, a famous writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, studied here, settled in Shangqiu, and served as the headmaster of Yingtian Academy. 17. Dengfeng Observatory: Located in Dengfeng, it was built in the Yuan Dynasty and has a history of about 800 years. It is one of the earliest existing observatories in the world and the most important astronomical site in ancient China. The great astronomer Guo Shoujing achieved astronomical achievements here that were 301 years ahead of the West. The "Time Calendar" formulated from this has been used by China, North Korea and Japan for more than 360 years. Today, our country is relying on this to build the "Chinese Astronomical Museum" here to showcase the achievements of ancient Chinese astronomy. 18. Hongqi Canal: Located in Linzhou, Henan, it is the world-famous "Artificial Tianhe" and "The Eighth Wonder of the World". In order to build this canal, 100,000 Linzhou people worked hard on the cliffs in the mountains for 10 years. They had no money, no food, no technology, and no policy support, but with their tenacious perseverance, they leveled 1,250 mountains, built hundreds of approach bridges, dug hundreds of tunnels, and finally introduced the river of life into the Dry land. The total length of the Hongqi Canal is more than 4,000 kilometers, and its earth and stone can build a stone wall 2 meters wide and 3 meters high from Harbin to Guangzhou! The Red Flag Canal is a masterpiece of human transformation of nature.

(2) Scenery of Henan

Henan not only has a long history, but also has charming natural scenery. Among the 19 global geoparks in the country, Henan, which accounts for only 1/60 of the country's area, accounts for 4, namely Songshan Mountain, Yuntaishan Mountain, Funiu Mountain and Wangwushan-Dameishan Mountain. The vast land of Henan is dotted with famous mountains and rivers such as Songshan Mountain, Yuntai Mountain, Baiyun Mountain, Funiu Mountain, Jigong Mountain, Yaoshan (Shiren Mountain), Taihang Mountain Grand Canyon, Niuwei Mountain (the tail of Funiu Mountain), etc. Exotic flowers and plants such as Luoyang peonies and Kaifeng chrysanthemums have attracted generations of Chinese people for thousands of years. Here are a few to focus on:

1. The ancestor of mountains-----Songshan

Songshan

Zhongyue Songshan, "as high as the sky" And "living in the world", it has been regarded as the "ancestor of ten thousand mountains" since ancient times. The status of Songshan Mountain can be seen from the word "Song" alone. "Song" means "high" and "mountain", but in fact, the altitude of Songshan Mountain is only 1,492 meters. The Songshan area produced China's earliest national civilization and has long been the political, economic and cultural center of ancient China, leaving behind a large number of extremely precious ancient cultural sites. In 2009, China's only declared World Cultural Heritage "Songshan Ancient Building Group" has 8 items and 11 sites, each of which is eligible to be independently declared as a World Cultural Heritage. Songshan is a textbook of Chinese history written in stone and architecture.

Songshan is a rare geological museum in the world. The small Songshan Mountain actually spans five geological eras: Archaean, Proterozoic, Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic. It is the "five generations under one roof" in the field of geology. It is said that both elephant and walrus fossils can be seen on Songshan Mountain. This is Songshan Global Geopark.

The peaks of Songshan Mountain are tall and straight, majestic and full of sights.

The eight sceneries composed of natural scenery such as peaks, valleys, streams, waterfalls, springs, and forests are: Waiting for the moon in Songmen, Early trip to Xuanyuan, Spring plowing in Yingshui, Summer vacation in Jiyin, Drinking in stone gongs, Fishing in Yuxi, and Clear snow in Shaoshi. , Luya Waterfall.

2. Landscape tourism holy land - Yuntai Mountain

Yuntai Mountain is located in Xiuwu County, Jiaozuo, Henan. It is both a world geological park and a national AAAAA-level scenic spot. Yuntai Mountain is covered with virgin forests, deep and quiet valleys, creeks and pools, various waterfalls and springs, and picturesque peaks and rocks, forming a unique and perfect natural landscape of Yuntai Mountain. The summer resort and mausoleum of Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty, the secluded hometown of the "Seven Sages of the Bamboo Forest" in the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the relics of medicine king Sun Simiao in the Tang Dynasty who collected medicine and made elixirs, and the great poet Wang Wei of the Tang Dynasty wrote the eternal poem "I miss my relatives more during the festive season". Zhuyu Peak, as well as the inscriptions and cultural relics of many celebrities and poets, form the rich and profound cultural connotation of Yuntai Mountain.

“Jiaozuo Landscape” is famous throughout the country because of Yuntai Mountain.

3. The most beautiful place in China------Baiyun Mountain

Baiyun Mountain is located in Song County, Luoyang City. In 2006, it was rated by "China National Geographic" magazine and many travel agencies It is "the most beautiful place in China". Baiyun Mountain is located in the primeval forest area in the hinterland of Funiu Mountain, with beautiful peaks, long white clouds, plunging waterfalls, and deep forests and secluded valleys. The entire scenic area integrates mountains, rocks, water, caves, forests, grass, flowers, birds and animals. It is majestic, dangerous, strange, quiet, beautiful and wonderful, forming Baiyun Peak and Jade Emperor Peak with their own characteristics. The five major tourist areas, Xiaohuang Mountain, Jiulong Waterfall, and virgin forest, have become a composite tourist area in the Central Plains that integrates sightseeing, summer vacation, scientific research practice, and ancient exploration. It is known as the "Wonderland on Earth" and the "Famous Mountain in the Central Plains."

4. Witness of the decline of dinosaurs - Funiu Mountain

Funiu Mountain Global Geopark is located in the southwest of Henan Province, stretching for more than 800 miles from northwest to southeast. The ancient mountains have witnessed the prosperity of dinosaurs, and have also preserved the secrets of their decline. The southern slope of Funiu Mountain contains a large number and rich variety of dinosaur egg fossils, unparalleled in the world. In the past two years, a large number of dinosaur bone fossils have been discovered on the northern slope of Funiu Mountain. The appearance of these fossils, like dinosaur eggs, has become explosive news both inside and outside academia. China Xixia Dinosaur Relics Park and Dinosaur Egg Fossil Museum are good places to visit dinosaurs.

Baotianman, which is included in the "World Human and Nature Conservation Circle" by UNESCO, is located at the southern foot of the middle section of the 800-mile Funiu Mountain. Here, there are towering ancient trees, flocks of birds and animals, and beautiful peaks. Eyes full of greenery. The Longtangou waterfalls in Xixia are surrounded by water and rocks, and the scenery is unique. The magnificent and magical Tongbai Mountain, with its peaks like sculptures and picturesque clear water, is the birthplace of the Thousand Miles Huaihe River. Climb to the main peak Taibai Peak and listen to the singing of hundreds of miles of forest waves. You can see the mountain scenery and appreciate the color of the water.

5. The King of Flowers--Kaifeng Chrysanthemum

Kaifeng has a long history of chrysanthemum cultivation, which began to take shape as early as the Tang Dynasty. By the Northern Song Dynasty, Kaifeng chrysanthemums were even more famous. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the culture of raising chrysanthemums and appreciating chrysanthemums was still very popular in Kaifeng.

Chrysanthemums

The famous poem "The maple leaves are falling green, the frost flowers are piled white" is engraved on the "Qianlong Imperial Monument" preserved in Yuwangtai Park today. It is known as "the beauty of the country and the fragrance of the sky" and the "king of flowers". Good name. After the founding of New China, especially since the reform and opening up, the traditional custom of Kaifeng people loving chrysanthemums is still strong.

6. National beauty and heavenly fragrance------Luoyang peonies

"Luoyang is the most suitable flower, and peonies are especially rare in the world." "Only peonies are the true national color, and the flowers bloom The season moves the capital

Luoyang Peony is the best city in the world

"Peony is famous all over the world because of Luoyang, the imperial capital for thousands of years. Luoyang is even more charming because of the national beauty and fragrance of peony. Luoyang peonies are graceful, luxurious and magnificent, and are known as the "national beauty and heavenly fragrance" and the "king of flowers". The artificial cultivation of peonies in Luoyang began in the Sui Dynasty, flourished in the Tang Dynasty, and became the best in the world in the Northern Song Dynasty.

Luoyang peonies are not only charming in color, but also contain rich peony culture. The poems, songs, novels, stories, paintings, and embroideries that began to appear in the Tang and Song Dynasties praising peonies are not only large in number, but also rich in content. Due to people's deep love for Luoyang peonies, various myths and interesting anecdotes about Luoyang peonies that have been circulated for thousands of years are even more well-known to every household.