What are Zhu Xi's anecdotes and allusions?

Zhu Xi was born in a Confucian family, and his father Zhu Song took Zhu Xi's education very seriously. The legend in the History of Song Dynasty says: "Xi is young and enlightened, but he can speak. His father pointed to the sky and said,' Heaven is also', and Xi asked,' What is in the sky'?" This legend shows that Zhu Xi was a man with a strong desire for knowledge since childhood. Because Zhu Song was a Confucian scholar who grew up under the education of Confucianism, his requirements for his son were naturally implemented according to the goal of being a sage in Confucianism. He himself recalled: "When I was ten years old, I read Mencius, and I was so happy that saints were like me." From then on, I was determined to be a saint. Later, he taught students that "mortals should take saints as their own responsibility".

a series of clever questions

Zhu Xi was taught by his father since childhood, and he was brilliant and imaginative. At the age of four, his father Zhu Song pointed to the sun and said, "This day is also." Zhu Xi asked, "What is attached to the day?" Zhu Song replied: "Attached to the sky?" Zhu Xi asked again, "What is attached to heaven?" Zhu Song, who asked in a word, was surprised.

To be honest and observe people's feelings

In the autumn of 1167, there was a big flood in Chong 'an, Fujian, and the court sent him to inspect the disaster. He visited all the valleys in Chong 'an. During the inspection, Zhu Xi found that "meat eaters are indifferent to the people, and it is difficult to figure things out." He said: "If this learning is unknown, there is absolutely nothing to do in the world." Due to the serious disaster and the lack of food, local officials did not seriously provide relief. When the following year was not met, there was a riot of hungry people in Chong 'an. At this time, Zhu Xi and ZhuGeTingRui, the magistrate of a county, initiated together, demanding that the local rich people save the hungry people with Tibetan millet, and he also requested the court to "welcome 6 yuan for relief", which only quelled the riots of the hungry people. Therefore, Zhu Xi came up with a way to establish a "social warehouse" and suggested that it be widely implemented by the court as an institution to solve the problem of food rations for farmers when the green and yellow are not connected. He stipulated that the task of "social warehouse" is to lend grain to farmers when the crops are not available, and generally the interest rate is 2%, so that the grain can be usured from Haomin. If there is a small hunger, the interest rate can be halved, and if there is a big hunger, the interest can be exempted. Of course, the biggest advantage of setting up a social warehouse can prevent farmers from rioting. Therefore, in 1171, Zhu Xi initiated the "five-husband cooperative warehouse" in his hometown as a pilot, and went to the imperial court to recommend its implementation nationwide. Because this law is unfavorable to bureaucratic landlords and usurers, it has not been widely implemented, and only a few places, such as Jianyang in Fujian and Jinhua in Zhejiang, have implemented this measure.

On the study of Ehu Lake

Among the Neo-Confucianists in the Southern Song Dynasty, Lu Jiuyuan was also a famous figure. Lu Jiuyuan was 9 years younger than Zhu Xi at the same time. The two men are basically the same in their academic goals, but their ways of thinking and understanding are quite different. From the philosophical point of view, Zhu and Lu were two different schools of idealistic Neo-Confucianism in the Southern Song Dynasty. Because of their different views, the two schools had a long-term debate on academic issues. The way of debate between Zhu and Lu is mainly through the exchange of letters, but the meeting of Goose Lake is an exception.

In the second year of Chunxi, Song Xiaozong (1175), in order to reconcile the differences between Zhu and Lu, another famous scholar, Lv Zuqian, invited Zhu Xi, Lu Jiuyuan and Lu Jiuling's brothers * * * four or five people to gather at Ehu Temple in Xinzhou (now in Yanshan County, Jiangxi Province), and the main issue discussed was "learning from others". This is the famous "Goose Lake Meeting" in the academic history of China. Five years later (in 118), Lu Jiuyuan came to Bailudong Academy to visit Zhu Xi, and asked him to write an epitaph for his brother Lu Jiuling. They hit it off at first sight, and they were very friendly and showed mutual admiration. Zhu Xi not only accepted Lu's request, but also invited Lu Jiuyuan to give lectures to the teachers and students of the Academy. Lu also readily agreed that his topic was to explain the chapter of "The Analects of Confucius", which was deeply moved by the listeners and left a good impression on the teachers and students. This incident shows that although Zhu and Lu have different views, they have a generous gentleman style in academic exchanges and attitudes towards others.

Zhu Zhang will talk about

Zhang Wei, whose word is respectful to his husband, studied under Hu Hong, and became a school of his own, known as Huxiang School. Zhu Xi had long admired him. Zhu Xi and Zhang Yong gave the most famous lecture in China's academic and educational history-Zhu Zhanghui's lecture, which was the first of its kind. The discussion between the two men started from the theory of Tai Chi and eventually tended to be consistent. Zhu and Zhang Hui spoke at Yuelu Academy, and thousands of people came from all over the country to listen. In the lecture hall of Yuelu Academy, Zhu Xi wrote "Loyalty, Filial Piety and Honesty Festival" in calligraphy, which was later regarded as the school motto by the Academy. After two months of lectures in Yuelu, Zhu Xi accompanied Zhang Wei to Hengshan Mountain in Nanyue. During the tour all the way, the boundless scenery in front of them affected their poetic interest from time to time, and they sang while visiting. In a few days, they * * * got 149 poems, which were co-edited as "Collection of Singing Remuneration in Nanyue". Down from Hengshan Mountain, 18 miles from Yuegong to Danzhou, Zhu Xi and Zhang Yong had a discussion on controversial issues before leaving. They were in the boat day and night, discussing the meaning of The Doctrine of the Mean for three days and three nights without sleeping. After Zhu Xi broke up with Zhang Wei, he returned to the east with his disciples Fan Niande and Lin Zezhi, and changed the chorus in turn all the way.

According to legend, Zhu Song once asked a fortune teller.

The soothsayer said, "So much for wealth and so much for expensive. If you have a child, you will be Confucius." It is a fact that it is feared that future generations will be attached to it, and that Zhu Xi has become a great scholar. There is a Nanjian Prefecture near Jianyang (later Yanping Prefecture and now Nanping City), which was the original spreading center of Taoism in the south. Zhu Xi is very keen on Taoism and has close contacts with local Taoists. This environment has a profound impact on Zhu Xi's life. He inherited the teachings of Li Dong, a branch of Luoxue at that time, initiated the study of Fujian, which was a masterpiece of Neo-Confucianism, and was called "the four sages of Yanping" together with Mr. Nan Jiansan. Zhu Xi was taught by his father and was brilliant. At the age of four, his father pointed to the sky and said, "This is the sky." Zhu Xi asked, "What's above the sky?" His father was frightened. He is diligent in thinking and learning. At the age of eight, he can read the Book of Filial Piety, and he wrote an inscription in the book saying, "If it is not, it is not human." Zhu Xi's father died when he was ten years old, and his father's friends Liu Zi, Liu Mianzi and Hu Xian were all Taoists. At that time, some Taoists rejected Buddhism and some were obsessed with learning Buddhism. They all belonged to the latter. Therefore, Zhu Xi is not only keen on Taoism, but also interested in Buddhism. In the seventeenth year of Shaoxing (1147), Zhu Xi, who was eighteen, took part in rural tribute. It is said that he was admitted with the theory of Buddhism and Zen. Cai Zi, the examiner, also said to people: "I will take my next life, and all three strategies want to handle important matters for the court, and I will be very special in the future."

Zhu Xi and Zheng Qiao

When Zhu Xi was young in the Southern Song Dynasty, he went from Jianyang to Tongan County, Quanzhou, and when passing through Putian, he met Zheng Qiao in Jiakuang Caotang. Zheng Qiao, who was over fifty, treated him with courtesy. During the dinner, there was only a dish of ginger and a dish of salt on the table, and Nunnery of Zhu Xi was secretly unhappy when he saw it. Zhu Xi took out a manuscript and asked Zheng Qiao to correct it. Zheng Qiao respectfully took it and put it on the table. Then, he lit a wick, and the room suddenly smelled different. At this time, just a gust of mountain wind blew out of the window and opened the manuscript page by page. Zheng Qiao stood motionless, as if drunk by the breeze. When the wind passed, he slowly turned around and returned the manuscript to Zhu Xi. The two had a heart-to-heart talk for three days and nights. Zhu Xi was very happy and specially wrote a couplet to express his gratitude. The joint sentence is: the clouds will know the bamboo, and the mountains will flourish.

after Zhu Xi left the thatched cottage, he walked to the place where he dismounted last time and got on the horse. His Nunnery said discontentedly, "What kind of sage is this old man? He is too rude to Xianggong. No wine, no food, only a plate of ginger and a plate of salt, thanks to him. " Zhu Xi said, "Isn't that salt only found in the sea? Isn't that ginger only found in the mountains? It's a great gift to do everything in the mountains and the sea! "

Nunnery: "Xianggong's manuscript, he doesn't even read it ..." Zhu Xi: "Didn't you see it? When I sent him the manuscript, he specially lit a wick incense, which is very respectful to me; He finished reading the manuscript when the wind opened the page. He talked with me a lot of good ideas, and he was able to recite the original sentence in the manuscript, which was admirable. " Nunnery: "Xianggong came all the way to see him. But when he left today, he didn't even send a ride. "

Zhu Xi said, "He sent it to the gate of the thatched cottage and already paid his respects. An inch of time and an inch of gold, we scholars, every minute is precious. "

just then, there was a sudden crash in the grass ahead, and a five-colored pheasant flew overhead. Two people couldn't help looking back, but see Zheng Qiao still standing in front of the thatched cottage in the distance, keep the original posture of fujian, a book in hand. Zhu Xi said with a smile, "Look, he's still standing at the door, and he doesn't forget to study. He's really a sage."

Tracing back to his poem

Zhu Xi has a foot disease, and once a quack doctor came to treat him. After acupuncture, Old Master Q felt his legs and feet lighter. Zhu was very happy, and at the same time, he gave the Taoist a poem: "I have been walking on a thin bamboo for many years, but I didn't expect acupuncture to be really magical." The children who threw the crutches out laughed. Is this the old man who used to crawl? " The Taoist priest took the poem written by Zhu Xi and left. A few days later, Zhu Xi's foot disease recurred, and it was worse than before acupuncture. I quickly sent someone to pursue the Taoist priest, and I don't know where I fled. Zhu sighed: "I don't want to punish him, I just want to get back the poem I gave him, lest he take it to bluff and miss the treatment of others." [24]